Kumaun University, Nainital Department of Zoology

Transcription

1 Kumaun University, Nainital Department of Zoology (Syllabus - M. Sc.) M.Sc. III Semester: (Five Papers) of 100 Marks each Paper I - Chordata Paper II - Animal Behaviour Paper III - Developmental Biology Paper IV - Biotechnology Paper V - Instrumentation, Biostatistics and Computer application Practical - Related to the Syllabus of third semester (100 marks)

2 M. Sc. (Zoology) Semester III Paper I - Chordata Section -A Classification upto orders, characters, habits and habitats of chordates. Origin and evolution of chordates General organisation, classification and affinities of Protochordata. General organisation, classification and affinities of Cyclostomata. Gymnophiona and its affinities Parental care in Amphibia Section - B General organisation, distribution and affinities of Rhynchocephalia. General organisation, distribution and affinities of Crocodilia. Palate in Birds Ratitae : Distribution and affinities Dentition in mammals General characters, distribution and affinities of Prototheria. General characters, distribution and affinities of Metatheria.

3 Paper II - Animal Behaviour Section - A Innate Behaviour: Kineses, Taxes, Reflexes, Instincts and Motivation. Learned Behaviour: Habituation, Trial and error learning, Latent learning, Insight learning, Imprinting, Conditioned reflexes and song learning in birds. Food Selection: Non-selective and selective feeding, Food begging, Finding and choosing food, Human food selection, Courtship feeding, Avoiding being eaten (Anti predatory mechanisms). Section - B Communication: Chemical communication, Visual and Auditory communication, Tactile communication (Dance language of honey bee) and Electric communication. Migratory Behaviour: Mechanisms of navigation and homing in fish and birds. Social Behaviour: Costs and benefits of group living, Types of social acts, Individual adjustments to group living, Parental care, Socio-functional organisation in apes and monkeys. Biological Rhythms: Kinds of biological rhythms, Biological clock, Circadian rhythms and their control.

4 Paper III - Developmental Biology Section -A Fertilization: Mechanism of fertilization, early and late changes in egg organisation caused by fertilization, molecular events during fertilization. Cleavage and Blastulation: Patterns of cleavage, determinate and indeterminate cleavage, influence of yolk on cleavage, metabolic changes during cleavage, morulation and blastulation in frog, chick and rabbit, types of blastulae. Gastrulation: Fate maps, morphogenetic movements in frog, chick and rabbit, significance of Gastrulation, exogastrulation. Development and functions of the foetal membranes in mammals. Organogenesis: Development of brain, eye and heart in chick. Section -B Organizer Concept: Embryonic induction, primary organiser and its morphological differentiation, origin of primary organiser, inductive interactions, nature of inductive signal (Possible mechanism of neural induction), competence. Regeneration and Metaplasia: Distribution of regenerative ability, polarity in regeneration, mechanism of regeneration of amphibian limb and lens, metaplasia, super-regeneration and heteromorphosis. Metamorphosis: Kinds of metamorphosis, metamorphosis in Amphibia, Physiological and biochemical changes during metamorphosis, hormonal control of metamorphosis. Teratogenesis: Genetic and environmental teratogenesis, phenocopies, developmental mechanisms of teratogenesis.

5 Paper - IV Biotechnology Section- A 1. Origin and definition: old and new biotechnology, scope and importance of biotechnology, biotechnology in India. 2. Recombinant DNA and gene cloning: Cloning and expression vectors: cloningvectors for recombinant DNA (Plasmids, Phages, Cosmids, Viruses, Transposons)Restriction enzymes for cloning techniques and DNA technology (agarose and polyacrylamide gel etectrophoresis, Southern, Northern and Western blotting. Section- B 1. Animal cell and tissue culture: History and scope of animal cell culture, culture media for cells and tissues, culture procedures, tissue and organ culture. 2. Polymerase chain Reaction: Gene amplification, basic PCR and its modifications, application of PCR in biotechnology and genetic engineering (DNA Polymorphism- RAPDS, VNTRS, SSRS, gene tagging, DNA finger printing.

6 Paper V Instrumentation, Biostatistics and Computer Application Section - A Elementary knowledge of the functioning and application of the following equipments: Microscopy: Light and phase contrast, Interference, Fluorescence and electron microscopy. Microtomy: Routine paraffin microtomy, Cryostat sectioning and ultramicrotomy. Colorimetry and spectrophotometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy. Chromatography and Electrophoresis. Centrifugation. Section - B Biostatistics: Importance of statistics in biological research. Calculation of mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation. Concepts of co-efficient of variation, skewness & kurtosis. Simple correlation and linear regression (scatter diagram, regression coefficients, regression lines). Introduction to Computers: Mini, micro, mainframe and super computer; components of computer system (CPU,I/O units).data storage device, Memory concepts. Software and types of software. Computer applications in biology and information communications (databases, and local networks).

7 III Semester Practical Candidates must produce at the time of practical examination their preparations, collection and practical record books containing a complete record of the laboratory work done during the session. The practical work shall comprise: 1. Microtomy of vertebrate tissues. 2. Study of the skeleton of Frog, Varanus, Chelonia, Crocodile, snake (Vertebrae and skull of Poisonous and non-poisonous snake). Gallos, and various types of palate. Skeleton of rabbit and skull of bat, dog, hedgehog, monkey, sheep, rodent and other mammal. 3. Study of permanent slides of Protochordates and chordates 4. Study of the museum specimens of Protochordata and of the different classes of vertebrates. 5. Exercices on Developmental Biology: Study of eggs from collected / preserved material Study of development of frog, chick through models/charts Study of chick embryos from hrs, hrs hrs, hrs of development (Whole mount models, charts) Study of development of chick by window method. 6. Instrumentation: Comments including principle, functioning and utility of some common instruments like microscopes, microtomes, colorimeter, spectrophotometer, centrifuge, electrophoresis, etc. 7. Calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation, standard error from the data provided.