What is heredity? Information passed down from parents to children through their DNA

Transcription

1 Heredity

2 What is heredity? Information passed down from parents to children through their DNA

3 Which are some examples of hereditary traits? -you can curl your tongue -you have naturally brown hair -you are (not) patient -you are sad/depressed -you need braces All of these have a genetic component -you get sick from a virus like influenza -you have a heart condition

4 Terms to know and understand Gene Chromosome DNA Intron Genome Extron Heredity

5 What is DNA? Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecule found in the nucleus of every cell in your body. It contains all the information about you Including : -Your appearance -Some aspects of your behaviour -diseases you may develop

6 - DNA is made from two strands, twisted together to form a double helix. - The links between each strand are called bases. - The two strands in the helix are complementary to each other, which means that each strand can be used to build the other. - Only one side contains your genetic information. The other protects the DNA.

7 Did you know that.

8 Did you know that. 99.9% of your DNA is identical to everyone else's

9 What is a gene? A part of DNA that contains information about one trait (physical or behavioural). ex: gene that codes for the attached earlobe or hitchhiker thumb Some traits have several genes that are responsible for their expression (ex: eye colour)

10 humans have about genes in their genome your genome is the sum of all your genes you can have an abnormal copy of a gene that leads to disease such as epilepsy, colour blindness, etc. Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent.

11 Exons are the genetic information. Introns are the genetic spacers that do not code for genetic information

12 Chromosomes Sometimes DNA coils into rod-shaped sticks called chromosomes so it can fit inside your cells. A chromosome is about mm long; DNA is about 4 cm long. DNA only takes this shape when the cell is dividing

13 Different species have a different number of chromosomes that make up their genome humans = 46 chromosomes fruit flies = 4 chromosomes dogs = 39 chromosomes More complex organisms often have more chromosomes but there are exceptions. An organism can have many or few genes on a chromosome.

14 In humans, 1 chromosome is about 1/46th of our DNA. -We have 23 different pairs of chromosomes, to make a total of 46 chromosomes (each pair contains one from our mother and one from our father) -Usually, the dominant version is expressed, unless both parents contribute a recessive gene (blond hair, blue eyes) -We can see chromosomes under a microscope (looks like a little rod).

15 Sex chromosomes: The 23rd pair of the 23 pairs is a sex chromosome, which determines sex if you get an X from your father, you will be a XX (female) if you get a Y from your father, you will be a XY (male)

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17 LET S SEE WHAT YOU REMEMBER!!

18 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? We have 46.

19 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? We have 46. Chromosomes

20 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Found in the nucleus of all our cells

21 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Found in the nucleus of all our cells DNA, Chromosome and gene

22 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Structure is a double helix bonded to bases which make up the genetic message.

23 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Structure is a double helix made up of sugars and phosphates bonded to bases which make up the genetic message. DNA

24 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Humans have

25 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? Humans have Genes

26 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? It is passed on from parent to child during reproduction.

27 What is it? Does this refer to DNA, chromosomes or Gene? Or more than one? It is passed on from parent to child during reproduction. DNA, Chromosomes and genes