2014 Weed Control Update. Brian Jenks North Dakota State University

Transcription

1 2014 Weed Control Update Brian Jenks North Dakota State University

2 Foxtail Barley Control Foxtail barley

3 Control 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Foxtail Barley Control with Glyphosate Veg growth Flower Seed Fill Seeds mature, leaves green Jun Jul Aug Sept 0.54 lb/a 0.98 lb/a

4 Control 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Foxtail Barley Control with Glyphosate Veg growth Flower Seed Fill Seeds mature, leaves green May Jun Jul Aug Sept 0.54 lb/a 0.98 lb/a

5 Foxtail Barley Control Untreated Fall Glyphosate Applied Oct 1, 2012 Picture taken May 17, 2013

6 Assure II 3.2 fl oz 4.9 fl oz 6.5 fl oz 9.7 fl oz 13 fl oz Figure 3. Foxtail barley shoot biomass after treatment with various rates of quizalofop in Adapted from Blackshaw et al. Weed Tech :

7 Foxtail Barley Control in Wheat Treatment % control Glyphosate (22 oz) Gly / Huskie Complete Gly / Olympus or Rimfire Max Gly / Everest *Approximate range of control in studies Don t cut glyphosate rate (use fl oz of 4.5 lb formulation) Olympus rate (0.2 oz) more effective POST than PRE Everest 2.0 more effective at 1 fl oz with AMS, BB, SU

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9 Kochia control Treatment a Rate Jun-28 Jul-16 Aug % Untreated Glyphosate b 22 oz Sharpen bc 1 oz Gramoxone d 2 pt Liberty b 29 oz Express d 0.33 oz Authority MTZ 11 oz Spartan Charge c 5 oz Spartan + Sharpen bc 4 oz + 1 oz LSD (0.05) a All treatments applied Preplant b Applied with AMS ( %) c Applied with MSO (1-1.5%) d Applied with NIS (0.25%) 1307 Minot, ND

10 Kochia control with soybean herbicides Treatment a Rate Jun-29 Jul-16 Aug % Gly + Zidua 22 oz + 3 oz Gly + Zidua + Sharpen 22 oz + 3 oz + 1 oz Gly + Zidua + Verdict 22 oz + 3 oz + 5 oz Gly + Zidua + Verdict + Metribuzin 22 oz + 3 oz + 5 oz lb Gly + Zidua + Sharpen + Metribuzin 22 oz + 3 oz + 1 oz lb Gly + Verdict 22 oz + 5 oz Gly + Verdict + Metribuzin 22 oz + 5 oz lb Gly 22 oz LSD (0.05) NS a All treatments applied June 18 to 2-7" kochia (no crop) Verdict = Sharpen + Outlook 1338 Minot, ND

11 Kochia control with soybean herbicides Treatment a Rate Jun-29 Jul-16 Aug % Gly + Anthem 22 oz + 9 oz Gly + Fierce 22 oz oz Gly + Sonic 22 oz + 4 oz Gly + Authority MTZ 22 oz + 14 oz Gly + Authority Assist 22 oz + 6 oz Gly + Zidua + Pursuit + Sharpen 22 oz + 3 oz + 2 oz + 1 oz Gly 22 oz LSD (0.05) NS a All treatments applied June 18 to 2-7" kochia (no crop) Anthem = Cadet + Zidua Fierce = Valor + Zidua Sonic = Spartan + First Rate Authority MTZ = Spartan + Metribuzin Authority Assist = Spartan + Pursuit 1338 Minot, ND

12 Concerns about Metribuzin Rate should match soil characteristics Low OM, high ph, light soils = higher risk Cold, wet conditions after application = higher risk

13 What does the Metribuzin label say? Dry pea and lentil in ND PRE: lb (use higher rate in fine-textured soils) POST: lb - 20 gal/a - Weeds < 2, before crop is 6 Weeds suppressed only: - mustards, pigweed, lambsquarters

14 What does the Metribuzin label say? Temporary chlorosis may occur Added risk if already applied PRE Do not apply on wet soil or foliage Crop injury may occur if application followed by heavy rain Do not apply within 3 days after cool, wet, or cloudy weather May cause injury if crop stressed by cold weather, low fertility, disease or insect damage Do not use on coarse/sandy soils with < 1.5% OM Do not apply on shallow seedings < 2 deep Avoid overlapping Maintain continuous agitation

15 Horseweed Escapes from Glyphosate What s wrong with this picture?

16 Controlling Horseweed Glyphosate G-E Gramoxone F-G 2,4-D G-E Banvel F-E (rate dependent) Sharpen G-E (emerged weeds) Bronate F-G Wolverine G-E Huskie G-E Huskie Complete G-E Liberty (29 oz) G-E Pulsar G-E Rave G Finesse G PowerFlex - Harmony SG P Starane Ultra P-G

17 Controlling Horseweed in Soybean Glyphosate + Sharpen: Use equivalent to old quart rate glyphosate (22 fl oz of 4.5 lb formulation) 1 fl oz Sharpen is sufficient Don t expect residual from Sharpen Spartan: Provides some horseweed suppression (F-G) Be careful with Spartan in peas. Know your soil texture, ph, and OM. If you don t know these, don t use Spartan. Basagran + Raptor / Rezult + Raptor: Have to keep rates up to control horseweed (may not get 90% control) Best control achieve with equivalent of 2 pt Basagran + 2 oz Raptor Spray small weeds (1-3 inches)

18 New herbicide formulations Authority Elite (FMC) Dual + Spartan - Same as BroadAxe labeled in soybean Shadow (Arysta) clethodim (Select) - Select Max 1EC = 8 to 16 fl oz/a - Select 2EC = 4 to 8 fl oz/a - Shadow 3EC = 2.66 to 5.33 fl oz/a

19 BroadAxe (Spartan + Dual) Sunflower Dry pea Chickpea

20 BroadAxe: What s in it? BroadAxe 17 oz 25 oz 35 oz Spartan (oz) Dual Mag (oz) BroadAxe 17 oz 25 oz 35 oz Spartan (oz) 3 $ $ $30.00 Dual Mag (oz) 14 $ $ $29.50 $29.75 $45.00 $59.50

21 Dry pea injury Treatment a Rate 7-Jun 27-Jun 19-Jul % Untreated Zidua 3 oz BroadAxe 20 fl oz Dual II Magnum 1.67 pt Outlook 18 fl oz Prowl 3 pt Fierce 3 oz LSD (0.05) a All treatments applied PRE 1317 Minot, ND

22 Yellow foxtail control in dry pea Treatment a Rate Jun-7 Jun-27 Jul % Untreated Zidua 3 oz BroadAxe 20 fl oz Dual II Magnum 1.67 pt Outlook 18 fl oz Prowl 3 pt Fierce 3 oz LSD (0.05) 6.6 NS NS a All treatments applied PRE 1317 Minot, ND

23 Lentil Injury Treatment a Rate 7-Jun 3-Jul 19-Jul % Untreated Zidua 3 oz BroadAxe 20 fl oz Dual II Magnum 1.67 pt Outlook 18 fl oz Prowl H2O 3 pt Fierce 3 oz LSD (0.05) a All treatments applied PRE 1316 Minot, ND

24 Yellow foxtail control in lentil Treatment a Rate Jul-3 % Untreated 0 Zidua 3 oz 77 BroadAxe 20 fl oz 68 Dual II Magnum 1.67 pt 89 Outlook 18 fl oz 73 Prowl H2O 3 pt 88 Fierce 3 oz 79 LSD (0.05) 13.1 a All treatments applied PRE 1316 Minot, ND

25 False chamomile old growth control Treatment a Rate Timing May-29 Jun % Untreated / Gly Unt / 22 oz Fall/Spring 0 80 Gly / Gly 22 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox / Gly 22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly 22 oz lb + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly 22 oz Spring 0 77 Gly + Olympus / Gly 28 oz oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring LSD (0.05) a Gly=Glyphosate; Metri=Metribuzin b Fall treatments applied Oct 1, Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013 c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring 1329 Sherwood, ND

26 False chamomile new growth control Treatment a Rate Timing May-29 Jun % Untreated / Gly Unt / 22 oz Fall/Spring 0 64 Gly / Gly 22 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring 0 63 Gly + Lorox / Gly 22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly 22 oz lb + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly 22 oz Spring 0 67 Gly + Olympus / Gly 28 oz oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring LSD (0.05) a Gly=Glyphosate; Metri=Metribuzin b Fall treatments applied Oct 1, Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013 c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring 1329 Sherwood, ND

27 False chamomile overall control Treatment a Rate Timing May-10 Jul % Untreated / Gly Unt / 22 oz Fall/Spring 0 60 Gly / Gly 22 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox / Gly 22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly 22 oz lb + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly 22 oz lb + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly + Valor / Gly 22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring Gly 22 oz Spring 0 68 Gly + Olympus / Gly 28 oz oz / 22 oz Fall/Spring LSD (0.05) a Gly=Glyphosate; Metri=Metribuzin b Fall treatments applied Oct 1, Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013 c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring 1329 Sherwood, ND

28 2009: Dandelion 2010: Lambsquarters 2011: Common ragweed 2012: Waterhemp 2013: Foxtail barley 2014:? Weed of the Year

29 Hand-weeded Palmer amaranth in Georgia

30 Lentil Seeding Rate Study Seeding rates ~5, 10, 15 plants/ft 2 Reduced weed density Reduced weed dry weight Increased yield in 1 of 2 years Ball et al. Weed Sci 1997

31 Effect of lentil seeding rate, seeding date, and herbicides on lentil production Background Every herbicide causes some lentil injury Injury could be chlorosis, stunting, stand reduction Can we compensate for stand reduction by increasing seeding rate?

32 Effect of lentil seeding rate, seeding date, and herbicides on lentil production Assumptions: Pennell lentil, 7000 seeds/lb, 24 /lb Market Price: 11 /lb Averaged over seeding dates and herbicides Seed cost Yield Gross return Seeds/ sqft Seeds/A lb/a $/A lb/a $/A