Introduction to DNA and RNA

Transcription

1 Introduction to DNA and RNA Biology Standards Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides, and base pairs. Summarize the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.

2 Number your notebook and label the top the following: EVEN Pages-LEFT SIDE ODD Pages-RIGHT SIDE Agenda 1. Go over test results/questions/redo 2. Warm Up 3. DNA/RNA Activity 4. Notes Page 116- Concept Map Page 118- Quiz Page 120- Sequence Page 122- Vocabulary Page 124- Warm Ups Page Finish Vocabulary/Work on Redo Page 117- Concept Map Page 119- Quiz Page 121- Study Guide Page 123- Vocabulary Page 125- Warm Ups Page 127- DNA and RNA Notes

3 Warm UP (on back of notes 127) Complete the pre-question(s) on the half sheet. Agenda: Pretest DNA Model Kits DNA and RNA Notes

4 Lab Partners Station 1- Station 2- Station 3- Station 4- Station 5- Station 6- Station 7- Station 8-

5 Lab Partners Station 1- Station 2- Station 3- Station 4- Station 5- Station 6- Station 7- Station 8-

6 Nucleic Acids Remember, there are 4 major Organic Compounds. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

7 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are organic molecules that serve as the blueprint for proteins These proteins give organisms their unique traits Ex: hair color, eye color, blood type, height, digestive enzymes, skin color, etc.

8 There are two types of nucleic acids. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA = Ribonucleic acid Both DNA and RNA are composed of small units called nucleotides. Nucleotides have 3 parts: 1. Nitrogenous Base 2. Pentose sugar 3. Phosphate group 2 Types of Nucleic Acids

9 DNA is a Double Helix Double = 2 strands Helix = twisted/winded DNA has 3 parts: 1. Nitrogenous bases: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine 2. Sugar Deoxyribose 3. Phosphate group All about DNA

10 RNA is a Single Helix Single = 1 strand Helix = twisted/winded RNA has 3 parts: 1. Nitrogenous bases: Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine 2. Sugar Ribose 3. Phosphate group All about RNA

11 Type of base DNA Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) RNA Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Uracil (U) Type of sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Molecule structure/shape Double Helix Single Helix Let s Compare DNA and RNA

12 DNA RNA Location Nucleus Nucleus AND Cytoplasm Purpose Stores genetic information Let s Compare DNA and RNA Carries genetic information to places where DNA cannot go Type One Type- DNA Three typesmrna, rrna, trna*

13 When the nitrogenous bases of two strands of DNA chemically bond through the center of the helix, each base can bond to only one type of base. Bases that bond are called complementary bases. Adenine (A) will only pair with Thymine (T) Guanine (G) will only pair with Cytosine (C) When the nitrogenous bases of RNA chemically bond to a strand of DNA, each RNA base can bond with only one type of DNA base. These bases are also called complimentary bases Adenine (A) will only pair with Uracil (U) Guanine (G) will only pair with Cytosine (C) *essentially, uracil replaces thymine in RNA* Complimentary Base Pairing in DNA

14 Write the complimentary strand of DNA for the following 2 sequences of DNA: 1. A T G C A T G C T T A G T C C A 2. G C A T G G A A T C A C A G T T Write the complimentary strand of RNA for the following 2 sequences of DNA: 1. A T G C A T G C T T A G T C C A 2. G C A T G G A A T C A C A G T T Try This

15 Gene Chromosomes to Genes:

16 Chromosome - structure in the nucleus consisting of one long, tightly coiled thread of DNA. DNA - composed of nucleotides, provides the blueprint for protein synthesis by the specific arrangement of nitrogenous bases. Gene - a specific location on a chromosome, consisting of a segment of DNA, that codes for a particular protein. These determine the characteristics of an organism. What do these terms mean?

17 1. Finish Vocabulary/Work on Redo

18 Warm UP- page 122 What is one way DNA and RNA are different? What are the two complementary bases for DNA? RNA? What is the complementary DNA sequence for the following? T A G A C T T A G C A T

19 Agenda Energy DUT Concept Map (p. 116) DNA YouTube Song DNA Model and Coloring Sheet (p. 126) Finish Molecular Genetics Vocabulary Study Guide Questions QUIZ ON DNA AND RNA TOMORROW!!!!!

20 1. Grab a Partner, crayon packet, and a # 1 and # 2 DNA model sheets. 2. Color the following: Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine 3. Please CUT along the SOLID LINES ONLY!!! Do not cut dotted lines this is where the tabs will fold. Any SHADED areas will be thrown away when done. If you have a question, please ask! 4. When you are done cutting them out, please tape the two strands together at the nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G). Please remember that A will only bond with T and C will only bond with G. 5. Please write your name on the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA model! Let s Make a DNA MODEL!

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