Dr. Altaf H. Carim. Scientific User Facilities Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy

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1 OFFICE OF SCIENCE Status and Further Development of Synchrotrons / Light Sources Dr. Altaf H. Carim Scientific User Facilities Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 3 rd World Materials Research Institute Forum General Assembly June 25, 2009 Gaithersburg, MD A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 1

2 Light sources in progress around the world From DOE light sources white paper: A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 2

3 All BES Scientific User Facilities Light sources Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SLAC) National Synchrotron Light Source (BNL) Advanced Light Source (LBNL) Advanced Photon Source (ANL) Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC) (under construction) National Synchrotron Light Source II (BNL) (start construction in FY 2009) Neutron sources Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (LANL) High Flux Isotope Reactor (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL) Electron beam sources Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research (ANL) National Center for Electron Microscopy (LBNL) Shared Research Equipment Program (ORNL) Nanoscale Science Research Centers Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (ORNL) Molecular Foundry (LBNL) Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (SNL & LANL) Center for Functional Nanomaterials (BNL) Center for Nanoscale Materials (ANL) Artist s drawings, National Synchrotron Light Source-II (top) and Linac Coherent Light Source (bottom) A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 3

4 BES Facilities for X-ray Scattering Advanced Light Source Advanced Photon Source National Synchrotron Light Source Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory National Synchrotron Light Source - II A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 4

5 Operation of BES light sources as user facilities Available to all researchers, regardless of affiliation, nationality, or source of research support No cost for non-proprietary work Access based on peer merit review of submitted proposals Proposals evaluated by external Proposal Review Committee or equivalent A limited amount of time may be allocated directly at the discretion of the facility director or management for rapid access (breaking news, very brief initial exploration, etc.) Majority of beamlines operated by facility staff, with a large majority of time being made available to general users Includes on-site (badged) and remote users; not those who simply send samples or view data remotely A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 5

6 The four light sources hosted 8,492 users in FY 2008 APS 39% NSLS 25% Number of USERS 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - APS ALS SSRL NSLS '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 FISCAL YEAR ALS 23% FY 2008 SSRL 13% A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 6

7 Partnerships with other facilities, such as nanoscience centers, extend capabilities Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory) X-Ray Synchrotron Beamlines with Nanoscale Resolution Unique instruments to study individual nanostructures Quantitative structure, strain, orientation imaging Sensitive trace element and chemical state analysis Center for Functional Nanomaterials has beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory) A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 7

8 New Light Source Facilities Currently Under Construction A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 8

9 X-ray Science at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Peak Brightness TESLA XFEL VUV-FEL SPPS (80 fs pulses) ALS undulator LCLS APS undulator X-rays Thompson source LCLS VUV-FEL operational kev, ~100 fs, photons/pulse Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC, Stanford operational now 40 ev, ~30 fs, photons (500 ev in 2007) DESY, Hamburg Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source (SPPS) Energy (kev) - Experiments concluded 2006 A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 9

10 Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km) (with modifications) New e Transfer Line (340 m) Injector (35º) at 2-km point X-ray Transport Line (200 m) Far Experiment Hall (underground) Undulator (130 m) Near Experiment Hall (underground) X-Ray Transport/ Optics/Diagnostics A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 10

11 Linac Coherent Light Source The World s First Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser The purpose of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Project is to provide laser-like radiation in the x-ray region of the spectrum that is 10 billion times greater in peak brightness than any existing coherent x-ray light source. The LCLS Project will provide the first demonstration of an x-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) in the Ångstrom range and will apply these extraordinary, high-brightness x-rays to scientific problems. Technical Objective: 13 GeV electron energy, 0.2 nano coulomb electron charge, Minimum of 10 6 photons/(mm 2 *0.1%BW) X-ray flux density at the Front End Enclosure, ~100,000 ft 2 conventional facility, 1 instrument installed ready for commissioning. A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 11

12 SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source First Light A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 12

13 First 1.5 A Laser X-Rays from LCLS First light: April 2009 Project scheduled to be complete: July 2010 A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 13

14 National Synchrotron Light Source II At Brookhaven National Laboratory NSLS CFN JPSI LOB Storage Ring LOB MER Booster Linac MER LOB MER MER MER 400 FEET LOB LOB A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 14

15 National Synchrotron Light Source - II A high-level description New Capabilities Nanoprobes Diffraction Imaging Coherent Dynamics Highly optimized x-ray synchrotron delivering: extremely high brightness and flux brighter than any other synchrotron worldwide > 10,000x brighter than NSLS exceptional beam stability suite of advanced instruments, optics, and detectors that capitalize on these special capabilities Together, these will enable ~ 1 nm spatial resolution ~ 0.1 mev energy resolution single atom sensitivity New Science Nanoscience Nanocatalysis Life Science A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 15

16 National Synchrotron Light Source - II Construction just getting underway Demolition Debris Field Offices Ring Bldg Footprint Taking Shape Ring Building Construction Site Conventional Facilities Field Office A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 16

17 Future light sources Workshop held October 2008; report published May 2009 Co-chairs: Wolfgang Eberhardt (Helmholtz Center, Berlin) Franz Himpsel (University of Wisconsin - Madison) Charge: identify the science drivers for new photon sources define the most compelling connections between research opportunities and photon attributes A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 17

18 Conclusions: the science drivers for new photon sources Two science drivers ( killer-apps ) for new light sources are identified which combine the deepest science impact with the broadest user base: Femtosecond time resolution opens completely new territory where atoms can be followed in real time and electronic excitations can be resolved down to their intrinsic time scale. Sub-nanometer spatial resolution opens the length scale where quantum confinement dominates electronic behavior and where catalytic activity begins. Spectroscopy of individual nanometer-scale objects rather than conglomerates will eliminate blurring of the energy levels induced by the size and shape distribution and thereby reveal active sites in catalysis and the traps where electrons are lost in photovoltaics. A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 18

19 Conclusions: connecting research opportunities and photon attributes A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 19

20 Next Generation Photon Sources: Summary The science for future generation x-ray sources is very compelling. The source parameters needed are not covered by a single type of source. High peak brilliance fs synchronized pulses Full coherence High average brilliance Excellent energy resolution Ready tunability Many pulses Attosecond synchronized pulses A. H. Carim, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 20

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