GLOBAL MARKETS FOR DRUG REPURPOSING

Transcription

1 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR DRUG REPURPOSING PHM175A January 2016 Shalini Shahani Dewan Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA USA (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) information@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE 2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT 3 METHODOLOGY 3 INFORMATION SOURCES 3 ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 3 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4 BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 4 DISCLAIMER 5 CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, 8 8 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10 DEFINITIONS 10 DRUG 10 CHEMICAL DRUG 10 BIOLOGICAL DRUG 10 DRUG REPURPOSING 10 ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT (API) 10 DRUG DEVELOPMENT 10 PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS 10 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS 11 CHEMICAL OR SMALL MOLECULE DRUGS 11 BIOLOGIC DRUGS 11 TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED DRUGS AND BIOLOGIC DRUGS HISTORY OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS 13 TABLE 2 EVOLUTION OF DRUG PRODUCTS 13 DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 14 TARGET SELECTION/IDENTIFICATION 14 TECHNIQUES FOR TARGET IDENTIFICATION 15 TARGET VALIDATION 15 DRUG DISCOVERY/LEAD DISCOVERY 15 INITIAL SAFETY TESTS 16 LEAD OPTIMIZATION 16 PRECLINICAL TESTING 16 INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION AND SAFETY 16 CLINICAL TRIALS 17 Phase I Clinical Trials 17 Phase II Clinical Trials 17 12

3 Phase III Clinical Trials 17 NEW DRUG APPLICATION AND APPROVAL 18 MANUFACTURING 18 PHASE IV TRIALS 18 DRUG REPURPOSING 19 LIPINSKI'S RULE OF 5 (RO5) AND EXTENSIONS 20 DEVELOPMENT OF REPURPOSED DRUGS 20 TABLE 3 DIFFERENCES IN NOVEL DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG REPURPOSING 21 DRUG REPURPOSING METHODS 21 DRUG/TARGET-BASED 22 DISEASE-BASED 22 APPLICATION AREAS OF DRUG REPURPOSING 22 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF DRUG REPURPOSING 22 ADVANTAGES 23 Safety 23 Time and Cost-Effectiveness 23 High Market and Return Potential 23 Treatment of Rare Diseases 23 LIMITATIONS 24 Dependence on Public Data 24 Lack of Funding Opportunities 24 Lack of Familiarity with Regulatory Procedures 24 COMMON REPOSITIONED DRUGS 25 TABLE 4 COMMON REPOSITIONED DRUGS THAT ARE MARKET APPROVED OR UNDERGOING RESEARCH 25 CHAPTER 4 REGULATORY ASPECTS 29 TABLE 5 MARKET APPROVALS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS, 2010 TO APRIL RECALLS 30 TABLE 6 RECALLS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS, 2010 TO APRIL SAFETY ALERTS 32 TABLE 7 SAFETY ALERTS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS 32 CHAPTER 5 TRENDS 35 DRUG REPOSITIONING IN PIPELINE 35 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS 36 TABLE 8 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF MAJOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 CURRENT SITUATION 39 FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG REPURPOSING 39 DRIVERS OF THE MARKET FOR DRUG REPURPOSING 39 Aging Population 39 Increased Prevalence of Chronic Diseases 40 Lifestyle Changes 40 Safety 40 Time and Economic Benefits 40 Advances in Drug Repurposing Methods 40 Treatment of Rare Diseases 41 36

4 RESTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES 41 Dependence on Public Data 41 Funding Opportunities 41 Lack of Understanding of Regulatory Issues 41 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 41 CHAPTER 6 MARKET ANALYSIS 44 INTRODUCTION 44 MARKET BY REGION 45 MARKET REVENUE 45 TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, MARKET SHARE 47 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, 2014 (%) 47 FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, 2014 (%) 47 MARKET BY APPLICATION 47 MARKET OVERVIEW 48 MARKET REVENUE 49 TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, MARKET SHARE 51 TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 52 TABLE 13 TYPES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 52 Market Overview 53 Market Revenue 53 TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS BY REGION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 54 TABLE 15 TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 55 Market Overview 55 Market Revenue 56 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS BY REGION, ONCOLOGY DISORDERS 57 TABLE 17 TYPES OF CANCER-DEPENDING ON THE TISSUE OF ORIGIN 58 Market Overview 58 Market Revenue

5 TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS BY REGION AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS 60 TABLE 19 TYPES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 61 Market Overview 62 Market Revenue 63 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS BY REGION, METABOLIC AND OTHER DISORDERS 64 Diabetes 64 Type 1 Diabetes 65 Type 2 Diabetes 65 Gestational Diabetes 65 Osteoporosis 65 Erectile Dysfunction 65 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 65 Mediterranean Fever 65 Hemolytic Uremia Syndrome 66 Market Overview 66 Market Revenue 66 TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR METABOLIC AND OTHER DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR METABOLIC AND OTHER DISORDERS BY REGION, MARKET ANALYSIS BY USAGE 68 MARKET OVERVIEW 68 MARKET REVENUE 69 TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY USAGE, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY USAGE, ($ MILLIONS) MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION SITE 70 MARKET OVERVIEW 70 MARKET REVENUE 71 TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION SITE THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION SITE CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 74 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 74 MARKET LEADERS 74 TABLE 24 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE 75 74

6 TABLE 25 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/ SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 (%) AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS 76 MARKET LEADERS 76 TABLE 26 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE 77 TABLE 27 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 13 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 (%) ONCOLOGY DISORDERS 78 MARKET LEADERS 78 TABLE 28 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE 79 TABLE 29 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY, 2014 FIGURE 14 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY, 2014 (%) CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 80 MARKET LEADERS 80 TABLE 30 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE 80 TABLE 31 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 FIGURE 15 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 (%) METABOLIC DISORDERS MARKET LEADERS TABLE 32 LEADING MANUFACTURES/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE TABLE 33 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 FIGURE 16 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 (%) OTHER DISORDERS 83 MARKET LEADERS 83 TABLE 34 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 MARKET SHARE 84 TABLE 35 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 FIGURE 17 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 (%) CHAPTER 8 PATENT ANALYSIS 87

7 PATENTS BY YEAR 87 TABLE 36 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY YEAR, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 18 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY YEAR, 2010 TO APRIL PATENTS BY COMPANY 88 TABLE 37 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 19 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY, 2010 TO APRIL PATENTS BY COUNTRY 89 TABLE 38 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 20 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 39 PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (NO/%) 90 FIGURE 21 PATENT SHARES BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (%) 90 PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE 91 TABLE 40 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE TYPE, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 22 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE TYPE, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (NO. OF PATENTS) 91 CHAPTER 9 COMPANY PROFILES 94 ABBVIE INC. 94 ACTAVIS INC. 94 ALEXION PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 95 APOTEX INC. 95 AUROBINDO PHARMA LTD. 96 BIOGEN IDEC INC. 97 BIOVISTA INC. 97 CELGENE CORP. 98 DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES LTD. 98 ELI LILLY & CO. 99 GLAXOSMITHKLINE 100 HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE AG 101 HOSPIRA INC. 101 JENKEN BIOSCIENCES INC. 102 JOHNSON & JOHNSON 102 MELIOR PHARMACEUTICALS INC 103 MERCK & CO. INC. 103 MYLAN PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 104 NOVARTIS AG 105 PAR PHARMACEUTICAL INC. 105 PFIZER INC. 106 SANDOZ 107 SANOFI 107 SOM BIOTECH SL 108 SOSEI GROUP LTD. 108 TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS U.S.A. INC. 109 TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. 109 UCB 110 ZYDUS CADILA GROUP 111 CHAPTER 10 APPENDIX I: ABBREVIATIONS 113

8 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED DRUGS AND BIOLOGIC DRUGS 12 TABLE 2 EVOLUTION OF DRUG PRODUCTS 13 TABLE 3 DIFFERENCES IN NOVEL DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG REPURPOSING 21 TABLE 4 COMMON REPOSITIONED DRUGS THAT ARE MARKET APPROVED OR UNDERGOING RESEARCH TABLE 5 MARKET APPROVALS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 6 RECALLS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 7 SAFETY ALERTS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS 32 TABLE 8 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF MAJOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, 2014 (%) 47 TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) TABLE 13 TYPES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 52 TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 15 TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 55 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 17 TYPES OF CANCER-DEPENDING ON THE TISSUE OF ORIGIN 58 TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 19 TYPES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 61 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR METABOLIC AND OTHER DISORDERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY USAGE, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION SITE THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 24 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 25 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 (%) TABLE 26 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 27 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 (%) TABLE 28 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 29 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY,

9 TABLE HEADING TABLE 30 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 31 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 32 LEADING MANUFACTURES/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 33 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 34 LEADING MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 35 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 TABLE 36 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY YEAR, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 37 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 38 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL TABLE 39 PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (NO/%) 90 TABLE 40 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE TYPE, 2010 TO APRIL

10 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY REGION, 2014 (%) 47 FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS BY REGION, FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS BY REGION, FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR ONCOLOGY DISORDERS BY REGION FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS BY REGION, FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS USED FOR METABOLIC AND OTHER DISORDERS BY REGION, FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY USAGE, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR REPURPOSED DRUGS BY APPLICATION SITE FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/ SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 13 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 14 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR ONCOLOGY, 2014 (%) FIGURE 15 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 16 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 17 MARKET SHARES OF MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS, 2014 (%) FIGURE 18 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY YEAR, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 19 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 20 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL FIGURE 21 PATENT SHARES BY COUNTRY, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (%) 90 FIGURE 22 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE TYPE, 2010 TO APRIL 2015 (NO. OF PATENTS)