2D Biology Final Exam Review

Transcription

1 2D Biology Final Exam Review 1. Give each cell an appropriate title and label the parts. Put a star (*) beside any structure that is a part of the plant or animal cell only. 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E 6 F 7 G 8 H 9 I 10 J 11 K 12 L 2. For each of the cells below state the stage of mitosis

2 3. a. What is cell division important? d. What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumour? b. In what part of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of it s time? Why? e. What is a carcinogen? Give some examples. c. What happens when cell division gets out of control? f. What are some of the treatments for cancer? 4. a. Complete the following: b. Why is the functioning of each individual cell key to the health Organism of the entire organism? 5a. What is a stem cell? b. Describe the two types of stem cells and their applications. Circulatory System c. What is the importance of cord blood and why would someone want to bank it? 6. Components of Blood Component & % Function 7. Explain how the structure of the following vessels are related to their function in the circulatory system. 2

3 A B C D E F 8. Label the diagram of the heart. 9. Explain the two-stage pump of the heart. Use colour to show where the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood G flows and where gas exchange occurs. H I J K L Digestive System 10. Label and describe the function of each digestive system organ. A B Function C D E F G H I J K 3

4 Respiratory System 11. Label and describe the function of the respiratory system Function 12. Breathing With reference to the structure of the respiratory system, explain how we inhale and exhale. Inhalation: Exhalation: 13. Where does gas exchange take place in the human body? What gases are being exchanged in each location? Musculoskeletal System Location Function Ligaments 14. What is the difference between smooth and skeletal muscle? Where would we find each? Cartilage Tendons 4

5 Nervous System 15. What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system? 16. How do these two parts of the nervous system work together? 17. Label the neuron 20. How does the structure of the neuron help the nervous system to communicate? 18. What organs are able to be donated by a living donor? 21. What is xenotransplantation? 19. What organs can be donated by a deceased donor? 22. What are some of the benefits and drawbacks to organ donation? Plants 23. The diagram on the right shows the 3 different types of plant tissues. Explain the location and purpose of each. Dermal tissue Ground tissue Vascular tissue 24. What is the purpose of the following? Root - Shoot - Leaves - Flower - 5

6 25. Photosynthesis write the skeleton equation in the box below. 26. Label the leaf cross section. How does each part of the leaf contribute the process of photosynthesis? Contribution to Photosynthesis A B C D E F G H 27. What are some of the benefits of asexual reproduction in plants? Application Questions: 1. Your friend tells you she has had special training to hold her breath for long periods of time. She claims that she can swim underwater for almost 30 minutes. What is your reaction? Why? 2. People with the blood disorder anemia have a deficiency of hemoglobin in their red blood cells. Explain how this disorder could affect the function of the circulatory system, other systems, and the organism. 3. Imagine that doctor s identify a disease that causes the smooth muscles in the human body to stop working. What consequences would this disease have for the person suffering from it? 4. In MS, the myelin sheath around some axons in the central nervous system becomes damaged. This damage makes conduction along these axons faulty, slowing or stopping completely. What symptoms may arise in a person with this disease? 5. Imagine you are a water molecule. Describe the path you would travel after being absorbed by a root hair until you end up in the process of photosynthesis. 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a body made mostly of specialized cells rather than a body made of one type of cell that performs many functions? 7. Why do guard cells generally close their stomata at night? 8. Climatologists use the growth rings of tress to infer what the climate was like during the lifetime of the tree. Explain how the growth rings might provide information to make this kind of inference. 9. In an ecosystem, at-risk plants often receive less public attention than at-risk animals. Support the argument that plants are more important and should receive more attention than animals. 10. What structure in the human body is similar to the plant meristem and why? 11. Explain how the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related. Include where these processes occur, formulas, importance to us as humans and the connections between the two processes. 12. Even though the body is divided into 11 different organ systems the body functions as a single cohesive unit. Using the systems we talked about in class, explain the connections between these systems that contribute to the overall functioning of the human body. 6