IPM Blight 2.0 : using pathogen population information to improve late blight control

Transcription

1 IPM Blight 2.0 : using pathogen population information to improve late blight control D. Andrivon project coordinator on behalf of all project partners

2 Phytophthora infestans on potato A destructive Strong defoliation Fast epidemics Over 900 M annual cost in Europe Oospores and re-emerging pathogen

3 Genotype diversity and distribution in Europe

4 Rapid changes in clones 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% EU_1_A1 EU_2_A1 EU_5_A1 EU_6_A1 EU_8_A1 EU_3_A2 EU_13_A2 EU_35_A2 autres MLG MLG_6 / A1 MLG_13/A1 MLG_8 / A2 0% n =

5 Clone diversity: between and within

6 Understanding population changes Problem 1: Genotypes may not predict phenotypes % virulent isolates EU_13_A2 EU_6_A R2 R5 R6 R8 R9 Resistance genes

7 Understanding population changes Problem 2: All clones do not respond equally to climate *** Lesion growth rate cm 2/ / jour *** 6_A1 n = 9 13_A2 n = 8 10 C 14 C 18 C 24 C A Spores x10 4 / lesion *** *** *** 10 C 14 C 18 C 24 C B 6_A1 n = 9 13_A2 n = 8 ** Sporanges mm 5,5 2 5,0 4,5 * ** 6_A1 n = 9 C 13_A2 n = 8 Sporanges mm 4,8 2 4,6 4,4 15 C (8h) / 18 C (16h) D 4,0 4,2 3,5 10 C 14 C 18 C 24 C 4 13_A2; n = 75 6_A1; n = 65

8 One good news: the nastiest ones do not (always) win 100% 80% 60% Autres 1_A1 Lesion size 40% 2_A1 20% 0% _A2 Sporulation

9 Open issues We can quite accurately describe and explain past changes and we can follow current evolutions But: we still have a hard time predicting future changes > when will the next change occur? > who is going to be the next invader? > What are the key traits behind invasive success and/or lasting presence in populations? Population data are ignored in current DSS

10 The needs EuroBlight Statement 2015, Brasov Recommendations: Monitoring of the meta population of P. infestans in Europe and beyond Linking genotypes to phenotypes EuroBlight engages in the development and improvement of DSS adapted to IPM2.0 Fostering international collaboration

11 An answer : IPMBlight2.0 IPM2.0 for sustainable control of potato late blight - exploiting pathogen population data for optimized Decisions Support Systems WP 0 coordinating and disseminating IPMBlight 2.0 Website New DSS simulation models/ modules WP 3 developing improved LB DSS IPM 2.0 Virulence Aggressiveness WP 2 phenotyping P. infestans Isolate sampling & Reference isolate collections Fungicide resistance testing Papers and conference presentations Field trap nurseries Genetic (SSR) fingerprints Stakeholder interaction Existing DSS improved and tested Aggregated data on individual isolates Data management and analytic tools (e.g. poppr) WP 1 sampling and genotyping P. infestans populations Potato Late Blight Toolbox Advisory Board

12 IPMBlight 2.0 partners NAES

13 IPMBlight 2.0 deliverables and communication New knowledge Population structures Population phenotypes and variability Phenotype x genotype connections Methods and protocols Operational tools New/improved open DSS modules Network of reference labs for efficient epidemiovigilance (connected to Euroblight)

14 What have we done already? Advisory Board appointed Kick Off meeting, Paris, Contracts signed Web meeting room Project announced WP 0 coordinating and disseminating IPMBlight 2.0 Outlines for 3 papers drafted Website New DSS simulation models/ modules WP 3 developing improved LB DSS IPM 2.0 Virulence Agressiveness WP 2 phenotyping P. infestans Isolate sampling & Reference isolate collections Fungicide resistance Presentations prepared for Euroblight 2017 workshop Papers and conference presentations Field trap nurseries Genetic (SSR) fingerprints Stakeholder interaction Existing DSS improved and tested Aggregated data on individual isolates Data management and analytic tools (e.g. poppr) WP 1 sampling and genotyping P. infestans populations Potato Late Blight Toolbox Advisory Board Submodels in MatLab DSS modules inventory Trap nurseries established Phenotyping 2016 collection underway R set OK Test methods agreed 2016 collection established 2016 isolates genotyped Data upload started

15 First achievements Population structures > emergence of 36_A2, 37_A2 and 38_A1 Talk D Cooke Poster R Corbière et al Pathogen phenotypes Fungicide sensitivity Talk Britt Puidet et al Agressiveness

16 Hunting the new : First hints on 37_A2 aggressiveness Lesion size (mm 2 ) Spores per ml - FR/UK Sporangia size (µm 2 )

17 Early conclusions... Hunting the new... Infrastructures Fast reaction value of an EU wide ( and global) epidemiovigilance scheme... knowing the old Large subclonal variation Genotypes alone do not predict everything right Network strength Population surveys Sampling Databases Complementary expertises Protocols

18 ... and questions still pending From population knowledge to improved control? Proof of concept still to be made Integration in DSS underway Faster phenotyping? Is important How to do it best? How much will global change jeopardize LB control? Better characterisation of climate response needed Will cultivars select as much/more than did fungicides One world, one health Time to get LB research global?

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