Biotechnology & Biofuels. Dr. Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann

Transcription

1 Biotechnology & Biofuels Dr. Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann

2 What is Biotechnology? Ø Any technological application using biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to manufacture or modify products or processes for specific use.

3 Biotechnology Area Green biotechnology Red biotechnology White Biotechnology Grey biotechnology Blue biotechnology Yellow biotechnology Application in Agriculture, plant biotechnology, forestry, food science Medicine, pharmaceutics, nanobiotechnology Industrial biotechnology, industrial (bio)chemistry, industrial bioprocessing, biorefinery Environmental biotechnology, waste (water) management and treatment, biorefinery, renewable energy production Seafood and freshwater food production; supply, safety and control of aquatic organisms Insect biotechnology, food science and technology ØCurrently archaea (or componets thereof) are or could be applied in the area of red, white and grey biotechnology

4 Archaea Biotechnology 1. Biogas production, anaerobic waste water treatment 2. Bioleaching 3. Nanobiotechnology (S-layer, lipids) 4. Brine treatment (reduction of organic contamination and/or PHA production with extreme halophiles) 5. Utilization of novel (e.g. themotolerant) enzymes 6. Metabolic engineering for CO 2 utilization and/or production of specific compounds 7. Biofuel production (e.g. biomethane, biohydrogen)

5 Biofuels renewablegreenenergypower.com Liao et al., 2016

6 Biofuels 1 st generation biodiesel 1 st generation bioethanol 2 nd generation 3 rd generation 4 th generation 5 th generation Liao et al., 2016

7 Biodiesel 1 st generation desmoinesregister.com &Eco Energie Etoy

8 Biodiesel 1 st generation alternative-energy-news.info/technology/biofuels/biodiesel-fuel

9 Bioethanol 1 st generation desmoinesregister.com

10 Bioethanol 1 st generation South Plains Ethanol

11 2 nd biofuel generation science.energy.gov.ber

12 3 rd generation biofuels 3 rd biofuel generation Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Martinez-Porqueras et al., 2012; Liao et al., 2016

13 4 th biofuel generation Volatile fatty acids Bacteria, Archaea (dark fermentation) CO 2 H 2 Martinez-Porqueras et al., 2012; Liao et al., 2016, Rittmann, unpublished

14 5 th biofuel generation Martinez-Porqueras et al., 2012; Liao et al., 2016; Rachbauer et al., 2017

15 Summary biofuels Martinez-Porqueras et al., 2012

16 Biofuels: Why? Global energy systems transition, The atomic hydrogen to carbon ratio Winter, 2000

17 Archaeal biohydrogen production Strain Substrate Temp [ C] HER [mmol L -1 h -1 ] Yield [mol mol -1 ] Reference Pyrococcus furiosus cellobiose Chou et al Pyrococcus furiosus maltose Chou et al Thermococcus onnurineus formate n.a. Lee et al., 2012 Thermococcus onnurineus carbon monoxide 85 n.a. 1.1 Lee et al., 2012 Thermococcus kodakarensis starch Kanai et al., 2005 Thermococcus kodakarensis pyruvate Kanai et al., 2005 Desulfurococcus fermentans starch 80 n.a. n.a. Perevalova et al., 2005 Halothermotrix orenii glucose 60 n.a. n.a. Cayol et al., 1994 Methanococcus maripaludis formate 37 n.a. n.a. Lupa et al., 2008 n.a.: not attainable HER: hydrogen evolution rate ØFormate is a cheap feedstock for H 2 production, manufactured from e.g. by-product carbon monoxide (CO) of the steel making process Rittmann et al & 2015

18 H 2 production from formate Strain Strategy HER [mmol L -1 h -1 ] Reference Cupriavidus necator ATCC Immobilization of cells 5.8 Klibanov et al., 1982 Salmonella enterica Closed batch mode 0.3 Escherichia coli SH5 Escherichia coli SR13 Clostridium butyricum IFO 3847t1 Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough Fed-batch mode with immobilized cells hyca disruption and fhla overexpression Addition of co-substrate mannitol Optimization of reaction conditions Pakes and Jollyman, Seol et al., Yoshida et al., Heyndrickx et al., Martins and Pereira, 2013 Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Use of high cell density 2820 Lim et al., 2012 HER: hydrogen evolution rate ØArchaea perform autocatalytic hydrogen production from formate whereas bacteria only perfrom whole cell biocatalysis from formate Rittmann et al & 2015

19 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Renewable Biogas Energy CO 2 CO 2 - containig flue gas Electrolysis H 2 Biological CH 4 production H 2 -containing flue gas CH 4 4H 2 + CO 2 à CH 4 + 2H 2 O Seifert et al. 2013, Rittmann et al. 2014

20 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Methanogenic strains Bioprocess modes Design of bioreactors Physiological parameters Scalable BMP process Media demands Rittmann et al., 2015

21 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Rittmann et al., 2015

22 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Seifert et al., 2014

23 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Burkhardt et al (c) Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann (a,b) Anaerobic biofilm growing on matrix material for biomethane production in a trickle bed bioreactor. (c) 2L Lab-scale STR-bioreactor for biomethane production. BMP mode MER [mmol L -1 h -1 ] CH 4 [Vol.-%] CSTR CSTR CSTR Fixedbed Fixedbed Hollow fibre Trickle bed * 97.9 References Nishimura et al., 1992 Peillex et al., 1990 Seifert et al., 2014 Jee et al., 1987 Jee et al., 1988b Jee et al., 1988a Burkhardt and Busch, 2013 * MER calculated per m 3 matrix material, MER à methane evolution rate, BMP à biological methane production Ø Either high volumetric productivity (MER) or high methane offgas concentration can be achieved not both in parallel! Rittmann et al. 2015

24 Bioprocess development for CO 2 -BMP Seifert et al. 2013

25 CO 2 -BMP an example kwh a -1 (100m 2, 3 persons) Statistik Austria à kwh h -1 Biological CH 4 production bioreactor produces 950 mmol L -1 h -1 = kwh m -3 h -1 ØA ~10L (C)STR would be sufficient to supply three people living a 100 m 2 flat with bioenergy!

26 Further reading Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012 Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2015 Bioresource Technology, 2013 Advancesin BiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnology, 2015 Applied Energy, 2014 Life, 2015 AIMS Bioengineering, 2014 Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016 BIOspektrum, 2014 Bioresource Technology, 2017