Biophotonics II general remarks

Transcription

1 general remarks BIOPHOTONICS I (WS 2017/18) I. Imaging Systems human vision microscopy II. Light Scattering Mie scattering light propagation in tissue BIOPHOTONICS II (SS 2018) III. Biospectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy Phosphorescence, bio- and chemiluminescence Vibrational spectroscopy IV. Lasers in medicine Laser interaction with tissue Applications Literature: Bergmann-Schäfer, Optik (Walter de Gruyter) E. Hecht, Optik (Addison-Wesley) J. Bille, W. Schlegel, Medizinische Physik 3 (Springer) P.N. Prasad, Biophotonics (Wiley) T. Vo-Dinh, Biomedical Photonics Handbook (CRC Press) V.V Tuchin, Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics (SPIE Press) G.G. Hammes, Spectroscopy for the biological sciences (Wiley) J.R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Springer) It is NOT required to have attended the Biophotonics I lecture prior to visiting Biophotonics II. Lecture Biophotonics II will be credited with 2 CP subject to successfully passing the written exam. If you intend to obtain credit points, i.e. to participate in the exam, you will have to register at: Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 1

2 general remarks Klausur : July 23 rd, 2018, 9:15-10:45 h registration: Please bring your own, completely empty (!) white paper sheets Allowed: - 1 DIN A4 page with hand-written information such as formulas etc. (both sides are o.k.) - Pencil, etc., simple pocket calculator (not on smart phone, ipad and such!) - Brain Not allowed: - Internet connection of any kind - Smart phones, cell phone, ipads etc., notebooks, netbooks etc. - Your neighbor s solutions Personal advice: 1.) be on time 2.) carefully read the question, then think, then write Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 2

3 lecture #9 (June 25 th, 2018): summary IV. LASERS IN MEDICINE IV.1 laser basics Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation high power narrow band (e.g. 1 MHz) coherent (autocoherence function close to 1) small divergence IV.2. lasers in biology and medicine IV.6. photodisruption and plasmainduced interaction IV.5. photoablation IV.4. photothermal interaction IV.3. photochemical interaction Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 3

4 lecture #9 (June 25 th, 2018): summary Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation IV. LASERS IN MEDICINE IV.1 laser basics high power narrow band (e.g. 1 MHz) coherent (autocoherence function close to 1) small divergence IV.2. lasers in biology and medicine IV.3. photochemical interaction IV.3.1. effects of ultraviolett radiation UV-A ( nm): deeper penetration than UV-B Destroys collagen Stimulates release of melanin Does not cause skin redening Indirect DNA damage UV-B ( nm): Destroys collagen Causes melanin production direct DNA damage (apoptosis, mutation (!)) UV-C ( nm): Most dangerous UV Absorbed by ozone Direct DNA damage Application: sterilization IV.3.2. photodynamic therapy (PDT) Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 4

5 absorption spectrum of water Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 5

6 IV. Lasers in medicine IV.6. photodisruption and plasmainduced interaction IV.5. photoablation IV.4. photothermal interaction IV.3. photochemical interaction Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 6

7 IV.4. Photothermal interaction IV.4. photothermal interaction water blood fat cartilage liver tissue aorta copper diamond Thermal properties of selected materials substance density water content k Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 7

8 IV.4. Photothermal interaction Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 8

9 absorption coefficient of water [1/cm] XeF XeCl KrF Nd:YLF Nd:YAG Ho:YAG Er:YAG ArF Argon-ion Nd:YAG (2 ) Krypton-ion Ruby Biophotonics II IV.2. Lasers in biology and medicine R CO ,1 Zolotarev et al. Hale et al. Irvine et al. 0,01 1E-3 1E-4 Alexandrite Ti:Sapphire diode var. dyes a (dermis) s ' (dermis) a (HbO in blood) a (Hb in blood) wavenumber [cm -1 ] wavelength [ m] 1 10 photon energy [ev] frequency [THz] ,1 Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 9

10 IV.4. Photothermal interaction Photothermal therapy using multi-well carbon nanotubes Ytterbium fiber laser max. power 3 W beam diameter 5 mm wavelength 1064 nm Temperature elevation following laser heating of media in the absence ( NT) and presence of multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) (+NT) at an irradiance of 15.3 W/cm2 for 1.5 and 5 min, respectively. Temperatures are measured from a radial distance of 4 mm from the laser center Cancer Res. Dec 1, 2010; 70(23): Fluorescence immunostained images of cyanine 2-linked HSP27- antibodies, AMCA-linked HSP70 antibodies, and Rhodamin Red-X linked HSP90 antibodies in human prostate cancer cell line PC3 cells following various treatment protocols and assssed 16 hours after photothermal treatment. Scale bars are 50 μm. Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 10

11 IV.4. Photothermal interaction diabetic retinopathy non-proliferating tiny (fluid and blood) leaks in blood vessels of people with diabetes proliferating neovascularization due to closure of a vessel nwkec.org Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 11

12 IV.4. Photothermal interaction non-proliferating diabetic retinopathy tiny (fluid and blood) leaks in blood vessels proliferating diabetic retinopathy neovascularization due to closure of a vessel nwkec.org focal laser photocoagulation panretinal laser photocoagulation Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 12

13 IV.4. Photothermal interaction age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Dry form. The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. In the advanced stages, patients lose central vision. Wet form. The "wet" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. This is called choroidal neovascularization. These blood vessels leak blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central vision. These abnormal blood vessels eventually scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision. Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 13

14 IV.4. Photothermal interaction Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 14

15 IV. Lasers in medicine Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 15

16 IV. Lasers in medicine Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 16

17 IV. Lasers in medicine laser tissue welding An incision in the skin of the abdomen closed using traditional sutures (a) and laser soldered using human albumin (b) is compared two days after surgery. Thirty days after surgery, the sutured scar (c) is much larger and more noticeable than the laser soldered scar (d). (Courtesy Tel Aviv University) ACS Nano, 2013, 7 (4), pp DOI: /nn303202k Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 17

18 IV. Lasers in medicine Aus: P. Prasad, Introduction to Biophotonics, Wiley (2003) Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 18

19 C.C.Dierickx, Biophotonics II IV. Lasers in medicine Laser hair removal Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 19

20 IV. Lasers in medicine IV.6. photodisruption and plasmainduced interaction IV.5. photoablation IV.4. photothermal interaction IV.3. photochemical interaction Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 20 Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Petrich Biophotonics II page 20

21 IV. Lasers in medicine drpelias.com Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 21

22 Biophotonics II IV. Lasers in medicine Remark on tatoo pigments e.g.as in paint for autombiles (titantium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, chrom oxide, cadmium selenide, iron oxide), carbon black, organic pigments From R. Vasold, Gesundheitsrisiko durch Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) Tätowierungspigmente, HAUT 3/08, p