1. An alteration of genetic information is shown below. 5. Part of a molecule found in cells is represented below.

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1 1. An alteration of genetic information is shown below. 5. Part of a molecule found in cells is represented below. A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T A-G-T-G-A-T This type of alteration of the genetic information is an example of A) deletion B) insertion C) substitution D) recombination 2. Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the A) function of the membrane of a cell B) sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a cell C) number of mitochondria in a cell D) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell 3. In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T).What percentage of the bases in this sample are adenine (A)? A) 15% B) 30% C) 35% D) 85% 4. The diagram below represents a portion DNA molecule. Which process is most directly affected by the arrangement of components 1 through 4? A) diffusion through cell membranes B) fertilization of a sex cell C) sequencing of amino acids in cells D) increasing the number of cells in an organism 6. Base your answer to the following question on Three structures are represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures? A) DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell. B) Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell. C) DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. D) The cell is composed only of DNA and protein. The letters represent different types of A) sugar molecules B) molecular bases C) enzymes D) proteins

2 7. The diagram below represents a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. The part indicated by arrow X could be A) adenine B) ribose C) deoxyribose D) phosphate 8. A DNA nucleotide may contain A) deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipid B) deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group C) ribose, uracil, and a polypeptide D) ribose, adenine, and thymine 9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Strand A would normally be found in the A) plasma membrane B) ribosome C) vacuole D) nucleus 10. Base your answer to the following question on Which nuclear process is represented below? A) recombination B) fertilization C) replication D) mutation

3 11. Base your answer to the following question on In the diagram below, strands I and II represent portions of a DNA molecule. Strand II would normally include A) AGC B) TCG C) TAC D) GAT 12. With respect to normal base pairing, when a molecule of DNA replicates, thymine will most likely pair with A) adenine B) cytosine C) guanine D) uracil 13. Which nucleic acid carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? A) DNA, only B) Messenger RNA, only C) Transfer RNA, only D) DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA 14. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a segment of a DNA molecule and on your knowledge of biology. 15. In a cell, the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA occurs in the A) cell membrane B) endoplasmic reticulum C) nucleus D) nucleolus 16. What will happen if a base sequence of a strand of DNA is changed from A-T-G to A-T-C? A) The m-rna will be changed from U-A-C to U- A-G. B) The t-rna will be changed from U-A-C to T-A -C. C) The m-rna will be changed from T-U-C to T-U -G. D) The t-rna will be changed from C-A-U to C-A -C. If the segment of DNA represented by the diagram was used as a template in the synthesis of messenger RNA, which sequence represents the order of bases found in the messenger RNA molecule? A) U-U-A-C-G B) T-T-A-G-C C) A-A-T-C-G D) T-T-U-G-C

4 Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the diagram below, which represents some components involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your knowledge of Biology. 17. How many codons are located on the messenger RNA molecule in the diagram? A) 1 B) 6 C) 3 D) What does Structure B represent a molecule of? A) nuclear DNA B) cytoplasmic DNA C) ribosomal RNA D) transfer RNA 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of two processes in the synthesis of proteins and on your knowledge of biology. Process B involves the pairing of a codon with a triplet code on a transfer RNA molecule. A correct pairing would be A) CAT and GTA B) AAU and UUA C) GUG and UGU D) CAG and GUA

5 20. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below and on your knowledge of biology. Which base sequence of a DNA molecule produces a codon on an mrna molecule that will allow the amino acid arginine to be incorporated into a protein? A) C G A B) G C T C) C G U D) G C U Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a step in protein synthesis. 21. If a sequence of nitrogenous bases on DNA strand I is T-A-G-C-C-T-A, the corresponding sequence on the RNA will be A) A-T-C-G-G-A-T B) A-U-C-G-G-A-U C) T-A-G-C-C-T-A D) U-T-C-G-G-U-T 22. During this step in the process of protein synthesis, information is passed from A) DNA strand I to RNA B) DNA strand II to RNA C) RNA to DNA strand I D) RNA to DNA strand II 23. According to the table below, which amino acid sequence would most likely be determined by a section of a DNA molecule with the base sequence A-A-G-G-A-T-C-C-G? A) phenylalanine arginine glycine B) glycine arginine leucine C) glycine leucine arginine D) phenylalanine leucine glycine 24. Which statement best describes a chromosomal alteration? A) It never affects the phenotype of an organism. B) It may affect the phenotype of an organism. C) It always produces a recessive genotype in an organism. D) It never has an effect on the genotype of an organism. 25. Which change in chromosome structure involves the transfer of one section of a chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome? A) nitrogenous base substitution B) translocation C) crossing-over of linked genes D) gene mutation