Towards the Development of a SMART Photovoltaic-Powered Temperature Controlled Poultry Egg Incubator

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1 Towards the Development of a SMART Photovoltaic-Powered Temperature Controlled Poultry Egg Incubator Ronaldo C. Maano Doctor in Information Technology Technological Institute of the Philippines (Manila)

2 Farming in the Philippines Source: Research and Development, and Extension Agenda and Programs /23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 2

3 RDEAP for Poultry and Livestock Industry /23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 3

4 Challenges and Solution in Poultry Industry One of the problems mentioned in the Research and Development and Extension Agenda and Programs for Poultry and Livestock Industry is the high cost of poultry egg incubation. For sustainability in poultry chick production, there is a need for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply resource that should be attractive and easy to come by or renewed by nature for example the use of solar energy (Okwonko et al., 2012). 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 4

5 The Egg Incubation Poultry egg incubation is an activity that requires sustainable energy supply for efficient performance, operation and profitability (Okonkwo et al., 2012). 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 5

6 Stages of Egg Incubation Days Development 1-3 blood circulation, head, brain and trunk of the embryo and heartbeat 4-5 Increased in size of C -shaped embryo and front limbs fingers 5-7 Brains in skull cavity, formation of beak and visible neck in embryo; front limbs have formation of fingers 8-9 Upper and lower beak; wings and legs Chick; eyelids; feather follicles on back; egg tooth Claws and leg scales; eyelid covers the cornea Cover in entire body; head movies in pipping position under the right wing Albumin; egg is removed from hatcher 19 Beak is against the inner shell membrane below the air cell 20 Yolk is absorbed; umbilicus closed; chick pierces the inner shell membrane 21 Uses wings as guide and legs Source: (Lane & Gallardo, 2015) Source: The Science of Incubation, April/May /23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 6

7 Temperature as a Crucial Factor in Incubation A crucial factor for incubation is the maintenance of a constant environmental temperature of 37.5 or 38 degrees Celsius directly associated with the egg hatchability (Noiva, Menezes & Peleteiro, 2014) 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 7

8 Detection of Infertility in Egg 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 8

9 Types of Poultry Egg Incubator STILL AIR INCUBATOR No Fan With heating element Uses a thermostat With humidity or water pans at the bottom The relative humidity is between 50% to 60% Temperature ranges from degree Celsius to degree Celsius FORCED AIR INCUBATOR With Fan Uses coil heating mechanism With humidity pan Relative Humidity is 50% - 60% Draft free room with fresh air Temperature ranges from degree Celsius to degree Celsius 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 9

10 Objectives of the Study The main focus of the research is on the development of a solar-powered temperature controlled poultry egg incubator. 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 10

11 Methodology The incremental development approach allows constructing working parts of the hardware and software in incremental stages where each step through the cycle incorporates a little more of the intended functionality. 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 11

12 Embedded System The development of the prototype is an embedded system in nature that involves the process of transforming the requirements into a working system taking into consideration hardware and software components in a unified way. Hardware Product Development Process (Source: 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 12

13 Design of the System The solar-based poultry incubator is composed of the egg incubation chamber equipped with temperature control system and a power supply. 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 13

14 System Architecture 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 14

15 Egg Incubation Chamber The egg incubation chamber of the study consists of trays, capable of handling 50 to 100 chicken eggs with each tray housing 25 to 50 eggs. Egg trays with tilting mechanism will be placed on the first two-layer while the temperature control unit is on the top layer of the incubator. 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 15

16 Power Supply Unit Solar photovoltaic system technology will be utilized to convert the sunlight into an electric charge. The collected charge from the solar panel is then transferred to an output terminal through wiring to produce between 6 to 24 DC voltage (Kisaalita et al., 2010) Components in the temperature control system will be powered by the PV system and they are the heater, fan, and an electric motor and all are electrical components. Total Power =P H T H +P F T F +P M T M 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 16

17 Temperature Control System Heater DC Motor Temperature and Humidity Sensor Microcontroller Relay Fan 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 17

18 Simulation Circuit of the Temperature Control System using Proteus 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 18

19 Conclusion and Future Work The study is developed to assist the poultry farmers in technological perspective, to significantly increased their productivity. A small scale embedded systems designed with a single microcontroller have simplified the construction of the temperature control circuit. The prototype is realized in simulation using Proteus software. The optimum incubation temperature is defined and identified between 370C and 380C respectively. Sensors and actuators as part of the model made up the Sensing Actuation-Power Management Tier, all connected to the microcontroller unit. A follow-up study is ongoing to incorporate an automatic egg detection unit using spectral analysis methodology. 4/23/2018 RONALDO C. MAANO 19

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