Year 8 Science STUDY GUIDE: Unit 4 Human Health

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1 Year 8 Science STUDY GUIDE: Unit 4 Human Health Here is a summary of the knowledge areas and learning activities you will undertake during this Focus Study. The Study commences on Tuesday, 14th July and finishes on Friday, 24th July There is no main reading reference for this Study. You will undertake research about the development of scientific understanding of knowledge relating to human health. You will chose one topic from the list below where you will a. research an example of how changes in scientific knowledge have contributed to finding a solution to a human health issue b. recount how evidence from a scientific discovery has changed understanding and contributed to solving a real world problem, eg animal or plant disease, hygiene, food preservation, sewage treatment or biotechnology c. describe, using examples, how developments in technology have contributed to finding solutions to a contemporary issue, eg organ transplantation, artificial joints/limbs, treatment for diabetes, asthma, kidney or heart disease d. give examples to show that groups of people in society may use or weight criteria differently in making decisions about the application of a solution to a contemporary issue, eg organ transplantation, control and prevention of diseases and dietary deficiencies During the study you will be given an On-line Assignment task to be completed in class time. A copy of this task is attached below. The Task will have levels of challenge. This Task will be part of your Summative Assessment (Grade). You will also be required to submit a Presentation about your chosen area of research. The Presentation is to be completed in class time (and at home if necessary). A copy of this task is attached below. The Task will have levels of challenge This Presentation will be part of your Formative assessment Assessment Summative Assessment for the Unit will be the On-line Assignment Task. 1

2 The presentation study will be part of your Formative assessment. All assessment items will be recorded on your formal school report. Grading For this Unit of study you will also be given a Board of Studies Grading from A to E, which is a measure of your performance, based on the Summative assessment activity. Topic areas: You must choose from one topic area to undertake this unit of study Area 1: Human Nutrition and Diet Area 2: Disease and Hygiene Area 3: Medical Technology and Biotechnology 2

3 On-line Assignment Task To be submitted on or before the last day of the Focus Study, Friday 24 th July The task will be completed online and submitted to me through the online site. The site is called Stile and the program has been developed by the Cosmos magazine organisation. You will attempt the questions from the site according to the following challenge levels. You only need to choose ONE study area and complete the Stile lesson listed Area 1: Human Nutrition and Diet Area 2: Disease and Hygiene Area 3: Medical Technology and Biotechnology Stile lesson Healthy Eating Hunt, Gather of Farm Introduction: Healthy Eating Read Gather: Healthy Eating,2,3,4 Optional Q5 Process: Healthy Eating Stile lesson Stem Cells: a new hope Introduction: Stem Cells Read, answer Q1 Gather: Stem Cells,3,5 and 6 Process: Stem Cells No questions Apply: Stem Cells Stile lesson Specialized Cells: build your own body parts Introduction: Specialized Cells Read and complete Poll Click I m finished Gather: Specialized Cells s,2,3,4,5,6,7 Process: Specialized Cells 3

4 Answer Q 1 and 2 Apply: Healthy Eating (P2) Complete Question 1 Stage 1 only one ad only Career: Healthy Eating (P2) No Questions Standard Introduction: Healthy Eating Read Click I m finished Gather: Healthy Eating,2,3,4,5,6 Process: Healthy Eating,2,3,4,5, Apply: Healthy Eating (P2) No questions Career: Stem Cells No Questions Standard Introduction: Stem Cells Read, answer Q1 Gather: Stem Cells,3,4,5 and 6 Process: Stem Cells,2,3,4 Apply: Stem Cells (P2),2,3,4 Career: Stem Cells (P2) Answer Question 1 Apply: Specialized Cells No questions Career: Specialized Cells Standard Introduction: Specialized Cells Read and complete Poll Click I m finished Gather: Specialized Cells s,2,3,4,5,6,7 Process: Specialized Cells,2,3,4,5, Apply: Specialized Cells Career: Specialized Cells 4

5 Complete Question 1 Stage 1 and 2 only Career: Healthy Eating (P2) Complete Question 1 Introduction: Healthy Eating Read Click I m finished Gather: Healthy Eating,2,3,4,5,6 Process: Healthy Eating,2,3,4,5,6 Apply: Healthy Eating (P2) Complete Question 1 Stage 1,2, and 3 Career: Healthy Eating Introduction: Stem Cells Read, answer Q1 Gather: Stem Cells,2,3,4,5 and 6 Process: Stem Cells,2,3,4 Apply: Stem Cells (P2),2,3,4,5 Career: Stem Cells (P2) Answer Question 1 Introduction: Specialized Cells Read and complete Poll Click I m finished Gather: Specialized Cells s,2,3,4,5,6,7 Process: Specialized Cells,2,3,4,5,6 Apply: Specialized Cells Career: Specialized Cells 5

6 (P2) Complete Question 1 Presentation To be presented as a printed document or digital file by Monday 27 th July to mthomas@korowal.nsw.edu.au From your area of study prepare a response in the following manner. Your response can be in any format you choose, eg a word document - with or without illustrations, a videoed lecture that you present, a powerpoint style presentation, a poster, a video documentary style presentation, or anything else you can think of. Your presentation should be a simple poster, or word based document no longer than 3-4 pages (including illustrations or diagrams) or 1000 words. A video should run for 3 5 minutes. Final Details can be negotiated with your teacher Area 1: Human Nutrition and Diet Humans need to eat a balanced diet to grow and remain healthy. Over the centuries science has discovered that deficiencies (not enough) or toxicities (too much) in a diet can lead to diseases. Most dietary deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of protein, vitamins, or minerals. The following diseases are all caused by dietary deficiency. Scurvy Rickets, also called Osteomalacia Pellagra Beri beri Choose one disease and answer the following questions at your chosen Challenge level Step 1: Nominate the disease you will research and write its name as the title for your presentation. 6

7 Step 2: Answer the following questions Question 3: Before it was understood to be an dietary deficiency describe what people thought caused the disease? Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease Question 6: Describe how a cure or treatment was developed Standard Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be an dietary deficiency describe what people thought caused the disease (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the disease (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease. Explain how the disease is diagnosed. Question 6: Describe how a cure or treatment was developed. Question 7: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be an dietary deficiency describe what people thought caused the disease (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the disease (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease. Explain how the disease is diagnosed. Question 6: (i) Describe how a cure or treatment was developed (ii) Were the 7

8 treatments effective? (iii) Identify if treatments needed to be refined over time to make them better (iv) Explain how societies benefited from the cure Question 7: Identify any ethical, moral or cultural problems or challenges to the scientific approach to finding the causes and the cure for the disease Question 8: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue Area 2: Disease and Hygiene There are many diseases experience by people that are caused by external agents, such as bacteria and viruses in circumstances where hygiene levels are low, or access to medical treatment is limited The following diseases are all caused by bacteria or viruses (infectious diseases). Cholera Tuberculosis Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF), also called Ebola Virus Disease (EVD); or also simply called Ebola Choose one disease and answer the following questions at your chosen Challenge level Step 1: Nominate the disease you will research and write its name as the title for your presentation. Step 2: Answer the following questions Question 3: Before it was understood to be an infectious disease describe what people thought caused the disease Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease 8

9 Question 6: Describe how a cure or treatment was developed Standard Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be an dietary deficiency describe what people thought caused the disease (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the disease (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease. Explain how the disease is diagnosed. Question 6: Describe how a cure or treatment was developed Question 7: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be an dietary deficiency describe what people thought caused the disease (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the disease (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the disease. Explain how the disease is diagnosed. Question 6: (i) Describe how a cure or treatment was developed? (ii) Were the treatments effective? (iii) Identify if treatments needed to be refined over time to make them better (iv) Explain how societies benefited from the cure Question 7: Identify any ethical, moral or cultural problems or challenges to the scientific approach to finding the causes and the cure for the disease Question 8: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue 9

10 Area 3: Medical Technology and Biotechnology Many people suffer from conditions where parts of their bodies or body systems don t work properly resulting in disease or disability. Scientists have discovered treatments and therapies to assist these people, often involving surgery and other technologies. The following is a list of some of these conditions Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular (Heart) disease Cancer (eg Skin, Breast, Ovarian or Testicular, Cervical Epilepsy Choose one condition and answer the following questions at your chosen Challenge level Step 1: Nominate the condition you will research and write its name as the title for your presentation. Step 2: Answer the following questions Question 1: State when the condition was first recognized and named historically Question 2: Describe the conditions symptoms Question 3: Before it was understood to be a medical condition describe what people thought caused the condition Question 4: Describe the treatments that were used to deal with the condition Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the condition. Question 6: Describe how treatments for the condition were developed 10

11 Standard Question 1: State when the condition was first recognized and named historically Question 2: Describe the conditions symptoms Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be a medical condition describe what people thought caused the condition (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the condition (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 4: Describe the treatments that were used to deal with the condition Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the condition. Explain how the condition is diagnosed. Question 6: Describe how treatments were developed Question 7: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue Question 1: State when the condition was first recognized and named historically Question 2: Describe the conditions symptoms Question 3: (i) Before it was understood to be a medical condition describe what people thought caused the condition (ii) identify their reasons for explaining the condition (iii) Judge if their reasons were scientific ie, did they use evidence, Question 4: Describe the treatments that were used to deal with the condition Question 5: Describe how and when scientists discovered the cause of the condition. Explain how the condition is diagnosed Question 6: (i) Describe how treatments were developed (ii) Describe the effectiveness of the treatments (iii) Identify if treatments needed to be refined over time to make them better (iv) Explain how individuals or societies benefited from the treatments Question 7: Identify any ethical, moral or cultural problems or challenges to the scientific approach to finding the causes and treatments for the condition Question 8: Summarise the role of science and scientists in solving this health issue 11