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1 NATIONAL COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Nationally Accredited at 'A' Level by NAAC M. PHIL. BOTANY [FULL TIME & PART TIME Choice Based Credit System (Applicable to the candidates admitted from the academic year onwards) COURSE PATTERN 1 Sem Course Title of the Course Hrs / Week Credits CIA* ESE # Marks I II Core Course I M16BO1 Research Methodology & Education Technology Core Course II Advances in Plant Sciences M16BO2 Core Course III Microbial Biotechnology M16BO3 Core Course IV Topic of Research M16BO4 (Syllabus to be prepared by the Guide and submitted to the COE) Project Work Total *Continuous Internal Assessment, #End Semester Examination: Duration : 3 hrs Dissertation Work Dissertation Viva Voce Question Paper Pattern Section-A Section-B CIA Components 150 marks 50 marks 5 Questions (one question from each unit. Either or type) : 5 x 4 = 20 marks 4 out of 6 questions (one question from each unit) : 4x 10 = 40 marks Total = 60 marks One Test Assignment Seminar Attendance Total - 10 marks - 10 marks - 10 marks - 10 marks marks

2 CORE COURSE - 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY CODE: M16BO UNIT-I: Microscopy, Electrophoresis and Separation techniques Microscopy: Polarization, Fluorescent microscopy, Dark field and Phase contrast microscopy, Electron microscopy - SEM and TEM - Atomic Force Microscopy Electrophoresis: Principle of Gel Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE and SDS PAGE) and Agarose gel electrophoresis, Two dimensional electrophoresis and isoelectrofocussing. Chromatography: Principle, Procedures and Applications of TLC, PC, Gel Filtration and Ion exchange, Affinity Chromatography, GC, GLC, HPLC. UNIT-II: Molecular Biological Techniques Molecular biological techniques: Isolation of and amplification nucleic acid- Genomic DNA (E.coli) Plasmid DNA. Plant Genomic DNA. Polymerase chain reaction - Types and its application. Gene cloning techniques: Restriction of DNA,-Restriction endonuclease types Ligation of DNA Sticky and blunt ended ligation Phosphatase treatment of cloning vectors, use of adaptors and linkers in cloning. Blotting techniques: Southern blot, Western blot, and Northern blot. Screening of recombinants - radio actve method, plaque and colony hybridization methods. UNIT-III: Biostatistics Basics of mean, median and mode. Standard deviation and standard error. Corrrelation and regression. Correlation coefficient Simple and Linear Regression Biological significance of correlation and regression. Tests of significance: Chi- square test - Student's t-test - Analysis of variance and DMRT. Analysis of Data: Web browsing and searching, MS Power Point, MS Excel, MS Office and Photoshop. Research Publication: Reading and Bibliography. UNIT-IV: Preparation of manuscripts - Full paper, short communications - Proof Origin, history, meaning and definitions of Educational Technology - Objectives, forms and approaches - Scope, significance and use of educational technology - System concept - Types - Parameters - Steps involved in system approach - Education system - Instructional system. UNIT-V Meaning of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - Definition - features - trends - Uses and limitations - Characterizes of e-learning - Advantages and limitations - Integration of ICT in teaching and learning - ICT applications: using word processors, spread sheets, power point slides in the class room - ICT for research: on-line journals, e-books, technical reports, theses and dissertations - computer mediated teaching: Multimedia, e-content.

3 REFERENCES: r Batschelet, E. (1991). Introduction to Mathematics for Life Scientists. Springer International Student Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. Becker, J. M., Caldwell, G. A. and Zachgo, E. A. (1996). Biotechnology: A Laboratory Course. 2nd ed. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, California. Cannel, J. P. (1998). Natural Products Isolation. Humana Press, New Jersey, USA. Chirikjian, J. G. (1995). Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Vol. I. Plant Biotechnology, Animal Cell Culture, Immunobiotechnology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London. Cynthia Gibas and Per Jambek (2001). Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills Shroff Pub., Mumbai. Forthofer, L. (1995). Introduction to Biostatistics. Academic Press, New York. Gupta, S. C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2002). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. 11th ed. Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. Gurumani, N. (2006). Research Methodology for Biological Sciences. MJP Publishers. A Unit Tamil Nadu Book House, Chennai. Harborne, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical Methods. Chapman & Hall, London. Jordan, D. W. and Smith, P. (2002). Mathematical Techniques. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Kumar, K. L. (2008). Educational Technology. New Age International Publishers. Mangal, S. K. and Uma Mangal (2009). Essentials of Educational Technology Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Michael, D. and William (2004). Integrating Technology into Teaching and Learning: Concepts and Applications. Prentice Hall, New York. Primrose et ai. (2005). Principles of Gene Manipulation. Black Well Science, London. Sambrok and Russel (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Laboratory Press, New York. Sharma, B. K. (1996). Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. Goel Publishing House, Meerut. Sharma, R. A. (2006). Fundamentals of Educational Technology. Surya Publications, Meerut, Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical Methods. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. (1987). Introduction to Biostatistics (Biology-Statistics Series). W. H. Freeman & Co., New York. Wilson, K. and Walker, J. (1997). Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques. Cambridge University Press, London. Zar, J. H. (2006). Biostatistical Analysis: Printice Hall.

4 CORE COURSE - 2 ADVANCES IN PLANT SCIENCES CODE : M16BO UNIT-I: Biodiversity and Conservation: Biodiversity Science - Definition - Scope and Constrains - Values and uses of Biodiversity - Loss of Biodiversity - Loss of Genetic Diversity - Species Diversity - Ecosystem Diversity - Conservation of Biodiversity - In situ conservation - Ex situ conservation. UNIT-II: Plant Tissue Culture Technique: Media preparation (MS and B5 media) Micropropagation Organogenesis (direct and indirect) Somatic embryogenesis Synthetic seeds. Protoplast: Isolation, fusion and culture. Application of protoplast culture technique UNIT-III: Plant Genome Organisation: Structural features of a plant gene. Organization of Chromatin, genome organization and function - Structure and function of chloroplast and mitochondrial genome. UNIT-IV; Gene expression: Regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression. Eukaryotes - Genetic code, protein synthesis Initiation, elongation and termination. Post-translational modification of proteins. UNIT-V: Genetic Engineering of Plants: Plant transformation technology: Ti and Ri Plasmids -. Mechanism of gene transfer in plants - direct gene transfer methods in plants - Electroporation, microprojectile, bombardment methods, microinjection. Indirect gene transfer method - Use of Ti plasmids. Selectable markers, reporter genes and promoters used in plant vectors. Production of Transgenic plants for virus resistance, Bt - resistance, herbicide (Glyphosate) resistance. REFERENCES: Chawla, H. S. (200 i). Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Krishnamurthy, K. V. (2004). An Advanced Textbook on Biodiversity: Principles and Practice. Oxford and IBH Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Maarten J. Chrispeels and David E. Sadava (2000). Plants, Genes and Agriculture. Jones and Barlett Publishers. Melchias, G. (2000). Biodiversity and Conservation. Science Publication Inc., New Hampshire, USA. Peter J. Lea and Richard C. Leegood (1999). Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons Plummer, D. T. (1988). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Tata McGraw Hili Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Primrose, S. B. (1994). Molecular Biotechnology. Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford Primrose, S. B., Twyman, R. M. and Old, R. W. (2001). Principles of Gene Manipulation. Blackwell Science.

5 Slater N. Scott and Fowler, M. (2003). Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation of Plants. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Westhoff, P. (1998). Molecular Plant Development from Gene to Plant. Oxford University Press, London. Gerard J. Tortora, Berdel! R. Funke, and Christine Case, L. (2001). Microbiology: An Introduction. Benjamin Cummings, USA. Pelzer, M. J., Chan, E. C. S. and Kreig, N. R. (1993). Microbiology. McGraw Hill Inc., New York. Prescott, J., Harley, P. and Klein, D. A. (2002). Microbiology. McGraw Hill, Boston. Stanbury, P. and Whitaker, F. (1995). Principles of Fermentation Technology. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Zhou, J., Thomson, D. K., Xu, Y., and Tiedje, J. M. (2004). Microbial Functional Genomics. J. Wiley & Sons Publishers.

6 6 CORE COURSE - 3 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CODE : M16BO UNIT I: Microorganisms: A general account on microbial diversity- Baceria including CyaVnobacteria, Microfungi, Microalgae, Acellular organisms including Viruses. Molecular evolution and relationship among the microorganisms. Classification of microorganisms. A general account on the microbial habitat and environments, Culture of microorganisms. Microbial Source for industrial products - Screening (Biochemical Engineering) and strain improvement (Mutation, Protoplast fusion technology, Recombinant DNA Technology). UNIT-II: Fermentor:. Principle of fermentation and the factors involved in fermentation. Principle, Configuration, Design, factors involved in a fermentor Principle of operation and characteristics of fermentor. Types of fermentor UNIT-III: Production of industrial products Microbial roduction of food - Single Cell Protein (SCP). Methylotrophs: Methanogens and methylotrophs, Mechanism of methane production. Economic importance of methylotrophs. UNIT IV : Fermented dairy products, fermented meats and fermented vegetables, pickles, olives and soy sauce. Bread manufacture. Production of alcohol, beer and wines,vinegar; UNIT-V; Microorganism biofertilizers: Scope and advantages. Isolation and mass cultivation of Cyanobacteria (Anabaena),Bacteria (Rhizobium), Mycorrhiza (VAM), Azolla. Cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), and Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajorcaju). Organic farming Vermicomposting technique - Panchakavya and its importance References Alexander N. Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido (1998). Microbial Biotechnology. W. H. Freeman & Co., USA. Davis, B. D., Dulbecco, R., Eiser, H. N. & Grinsberh, H. S. (1980). Microbiology. Harber Row, New York. Davis, R. W., Bostein, D. and Roth, J. R. (1980). Advanced Bacterial Genetics, Cold Spring, Henbor, New York. Edward A. Brige. (1992). Modern Microbiology: Principles and Application. WMC Brown Publishers, USA Holt, J. G. et al. (1994). Bergey s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Willium & Wilkens, London. Ketchum, P. A. (1988). Microbiology: Concepts and Application. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Moat, A. G. and Foster, J. W. (1988). Microbial Physiology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Patel, A. H. (1999). Industrial Microbiology. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi.

7 Pelczar, M. H. and Cahn, E. C. S. (1993). Microbiology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Power and Daginawala. (1994). General Microbiology. Himalayan Publishing House, New Delhi. Salle, A. J. (1974). Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Schegal, H. E. (1986). General Microbiology. Cambridge University Press, London. Staley, J. T. et al. (1984). Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bactgeriology. Vol. I-IV. Williams and Wilkins, London. Starr, M. P. et al. (1981). The Prokaryotes: A Handbook on Habitat, Isolation and Identification of Bacteria. Vol. I & II. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Statines, R. Y. et al. (1978). General Microbiology. Macmillan Publishing Co., London. Trevan, K. (1991). Biotechnology. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. Trevan, M. D. et al. (1987). Biotechnology: The Biological Principles. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Biofertilizers Dubey, R. C. (2008). A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. Newton, W. E. et al. (1977). Recent Developments in Nitrogen Fixation. Academic Press, New York. Schwintzer, C. R. and Tjepkema, J. D. (1990). The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, USA. Stewart, W. D. P. and Gallon, J. R. (1980). Nitrogen Fixation. Academic Press, New York. Subba Rao, N. S. (1982). Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Subba Rao, N. S. (2002). Soil Microbiology. 4th ed. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Subba Rao, N. S. and Dommergues, Y. R. (1998). Microbial Interactions in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. I, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Verma, A. (1999). Mycorrhiza. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Wallanda, T. et al. (1997). Mycorrhizae. Backley s Publishers, The Netherlands. Mushroom Technology Alice, D., Muthusamy and Yesuraja, M. (1999). Mushroom Culture. Agricultural College, Research Institute Publications, Madurai. Marimuthu, T. et al. (1991). Oster Mushroom. Department of Plant Pathology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Nita Bhal. (2000). Handbook on Mushrooms. 2nd ed. Vol. I and II. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Pathak, V. N. and Yadav, N. (1998). Mushroom Production and Processing Technology. Agrobios, Jodhpur. Tewari Pankaj Kapoor, S. C. (1988). Mushroom Cultivation. Mittal Publication, New Delhi. Tripathi, D. P. (2005). Mushroom Cultivation. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Vermicomposting Benny Joseph (2005). Environment Studies. Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Dubay, R. C. (2009). A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Jogdand, S. N. (2003). Environmental Biotechnology. Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi. 7

8 8. CORE COURSE - 4 GUIDE PAPER CODE : M16BO Syllabus for Core Course -4 will be set by the respective guides of the M.Phil. student