Status of GE Plants Trials in Bangladesh. M. Khalequzzaman A. Chowdhury, Ph.D Member Director (Crops) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

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1 Status of GE Plants Trials in Bangladesh M. Khalequzzaman A. Chowdhury, Ph.D Member Director (Crops) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council 1

2 Biotechnology: New Tool Biotechnology is a set of powerful tools that employ living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, improve plants or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses. The new biotechnology includes the industrial use of recombinant DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques, and bioremediation. Biotechnology offers a hope to meet the future challenge of increased food production. It is a compliment to the conventional research. It helps where conventional research is stagnated.

3 Environmental benefits of GE crops Dramatic reduction in pesticide use. Development of insect resistant Bt varieties was estimated to have reduced the total world use of insecticide by 14%. Use of Bt cotton in China has led to an 80% reduction in the use of foliar insecticides and an estimated 15,000 tons reduction in pesticide use. Reduced use of pesticides can significantly decrease their effects on water quality through run-off and leaching of residues into surface and groundwater. GM crops can significantly improve crop yields, so that more food can be grown on less land area.

4 Status of Biotechnology Biotechnology research & development is in an introductory stage. Limited to in vitro culture & somaclonal variation. Protocol for potato micro propagation has been commercialized. Banana tissue culture plantlets are producing by public institute & private org. Public institutes & universities initiated work on genetic engineering. BARI & BRRI have started working with GM rice, eggplant and potato under confined conditions. 4

5 Policy-Biosafety of GM Crops 4 tier committees for management of biotechnological activities. 1. National Taskforce on Biotechnology (NTB) 2. National Executive Committee on Biotechnology 3. National Technical Committees on Biosafety, Biodiversity, Crop Biotechnology, Animal & Fish Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology. 4. Specialized Working Groups. 5

6 Biosafety Protocol Institutional Biosafety Committee National Technical Committees National Committee on Biosafety Field Biosafety Committee 6

7 GE Crops 1. Eggplant 2. Potato Why selected these crops?

8 Eggplant Crop Eggplant, a crop of both winter and summer, covers 64,208 ha with a production of 3,81,420 metric tons It constitutes about 25% of the total vegetable area of the country Eggplant->25% Pumpkin->6.55% Radish->8.79% Arum->7.67% Other Summer Vegetable->20.13% Other Winter Vegetable->31.46%

9 ESFB of Eggplant EFSB is the key pest of eggplant Some farmers spray insecticides on eggplant crops up to 84 times in the cropping season Some farmers spray insecticides at alternate days and even in some cases twice a day (morning & afternoon)

10 ESFB of Eggplant

11 Late blight disease

12 Bt Eggplant development Bt technology: An alternate approach for target gene Cry1Ac Introgression of Bt gene into 9 Bangladeshi eggplant varieties were done at MAHYCO. Bangladeshi varieties were backcrossed at MAHYCO with transgenic eggplant containing Cry1AC.

13 Variety/line in the Bt Program Variety /Line Fruit shape Fruit color Status BARI Begun -1 (Uttara) BARI Begun -4 (Kazla) BARI Begun 5 (Nayantara) Cylindrical Light purple Popular all over the country Cylindrical Blackish purple Popular all over the country Round Deep purple Getting Popularity BARI Begun -6 (ISD006) BARI Begun -7 (Singhnath/ B009) BL117 (Khatkhatia) Oblong Light green Popular at mid & South part Long cylindrical Deep purple Popular all over the country Cylindrical Greenish Purple Popular at North part BL072 (Dohazari) Oblong Green and white stripe at blossom end Popular Islampuri Round Deep purple Popular Chaga Oblong Green and light Popular

14 ISD 006 Nayantara Singhnath BARI Begun -1 (Uttara)

15 Dohazari Islampuri Kazla Khotkhotia(BL117) Chaga

16 Generation Advancement in the Contained Green House Season I II III IV V VI VII Generation BC 1 BC 2 BC 3 BC 3 F 2 BC 3 F 3 BC 3 F 4, BC 4 BC 3 F 5, BC 5

17 Sites for Bt Eggplant Confined Field Trial Gazipur Chittagong Jessore Ishardhi Rahmatpur Rangpur Jamalpur

18 Confined Field Trial( ) Name of stations Name of variety/line Joydebpur (HQ) Uttara, Nayantara and Singhnath, Dohazari, ISD006, Chaga, Khakhatia, Islampuri Hathazari (RARS) Dohazari and ISD 006 Status 4 th year 4 th year Jessore (RARS) Uttara and Chaga 4 th year Ishurdi (RARS) Uttara and ISD rd year Jamalpur (RARS) Islampuri and Kazla 3 rd year Rahmatpur (RARS) Burirhat (ARS) Chaga and Singhnath Nayantara and Khatkhatia 3 rd year 3 rd year

19 Confined Field Trial of Bt

20 Non-infected fruit of Bt Uttara Infected fruit and shoot of non Bt Uttara

21 Non-Bt Bt Bt Non-Bt Bt and Non-Bt Brinjal Non-Bt Bt

22 RB gene Potato development Diamant and Cardinal potato crossed with Transgenic Katahadin and true potato seeds were tested with kanamycin and germinated plants were transferred to pot for microtuber production.

23 Transgenic LB Resistant potato variety development Method: 1. Transformation:Wisconsin, USA 2. Hybridization: Indonesia Variety used 1. Cardinal 2. Diamant

24 Output of Hybridization 4/23/

25 F1 Seedlings in the Biotech greenhouse at BARI, Gazipur

26 Some transformed clones at Joydebpur, 2010

27 Confined Field Trials in Multilocational trial of CFT of LBR potato Location: Six (Gazipur, Comilla, Chittagong, Jessore, Bogra and Rangpur) Number of LBR clone: Eight Planting Date: November 28 to December 2, 2011

28 CFT at Gazipur

29 Confined FT, Debigonj ( )

30 Hybrid clone 179 compared to ck Cardinal at Burirhat

31 CFT, Bogra

32 Programme Supporting Biotechnology Programmes Agricultural Biotechnology Support Service Project II (ABSP II ) South Asia Biosafety Program (SABP) International Service For the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) Activities Biotech product development Capacity building in research : both infra-structure and manpower Capacity building on biosafety and biotechnology Awareness building on biosafety and recent development on agricultural biotechnology Assistance for the development of biosafety and biotechnology policy documents Bangladesh Biotechnology Information Centre Collecting and disseminating related information, media workshop

33 Regulatory Documents of GE Plants Guidelines for the confined field trials of GE plants Crop wise Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for CFT Inspector Manuals for confined field trials of Genetically Engineered plants Crop wise Data recording formats for CFT Biology document of Eggplant Guidelines for the safety assessment of foods derived from GE plants

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