Basic Energy Sciences Update

Transcription

1 BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES Serving the Present, Shaping the Future Basic Energy Sciences Update Patricia M. Dehmer Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy 21 April

2 DOE Organization Science in a Mission Agency BES 2 2

3 Overall DOE Budget: FY 2006 and FY 2007 Funding Levels are Identical But the Office of Science Increases 14% FY 2006 Appropriation $23.6 Billion FY 2007 Request $23.6 Billion Science $3.6 Corporate Management $1.0 National Security $9.1 Science $4.1 Corporate Management $1.0 National Security $9.3 Energy and Environment $9.9 Energy and Environment $9.2 3

4 The FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request for SC 4

5 American Competitiveness Initiative Drove the BES Budget Increases es In 2007, the ACI proposes overall funding increases for NSF, DoE SC and NIST core of $910 million, or 9.3%. To achieve ten-year doubling, overall annual increases for these agencies will average roughly 7%. 5

6 There are Two High-level ACI Investment Goals 6

7 The BES Program Goals Align with Those of the ACI Balance key portfolio components that together create a uniquely DOE program: Fundamental research in support of a decades-to-century energy security plan and in support of discovery science that enables the mission; this also includes the support of a critical mass of principal investigators the great discovery machine Forefront scientific user facilities for the Nation Aim for world leadership in all activities that are supported 7

8 Details of the FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request for BES - $1,421M MS&E Research CG&B Research Major Items of Equipment Light Sources Neutron Sources Nanoscale Science Research Centers Combustion Res. Facility Facility-related R&D, Fabrication, and OPC PED and Construction GPP/GPE SBIR/STTR Facility-related components of the BES budget 8

9 FY 2007 BES Solicitations and Program Announcements for >$100M in New Funding BAA* S S S A S S in FY05 A * About $10 million for X-ray and neutron scattering instrumentation within the core will be competed with mid-scale instrumentation in the same solicitation. 9

10 Roadmapping Science via Basic Research Needs Workshops Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future BESAC Workshop, October 21-25, 2002 The foundation workshop that set the model for the focused workshops that follow. Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy BES Workshop, May 13-15, 2003 Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs BES and the National Nanotechnology Initiative, March 16-18, 2004 Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization BES Workshop, April 18-21, 2005 Advanced Computational Materials Science: Application to Fusion and Generation IV Fission Reactors BES, ASCR, FES, and NE Workshop, March 31-April 2, 2004 The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy: Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel Cycles BES, NP, and ASCR Workshop, September 2005 Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems BES Workshop, July 31-August 3, 2006 Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity BES Workshop, May 8-10, 2006 Basic Research Needs for Solid-state Lighting BES Workshop, May 22-24, 2006 Basic Research Needs for Combustion of Alternate Fuels BES Workshop, October 30-November 1, 2006 (tentative) [Combustion of alternative fuels for IC engines, including fuels derived from renewable resources, such as biodiesel or ethanol, and fuels obtained via Fischer-Tropsch chemistry applied to heavy crude, shale oil, tar sands, and coal.] Basic Research Needs for Energy Storage BES Workshop, mid FY

11 Many Crosscutting (Grand Challenge) Research Areas Emerged from the Workshops Science at the nanoscale, especially low-dimensional systems Methods to control photon, electron, ion, and phonon transport in materials for nextgeneration energy technologies New materials discovery, design, development, and fabrication, especially materials designed to perform well under extreme conditions Structure-function relationships in both living and non-living systems Designer catalysts, membranes, and interfaces Bio-materials and bio-interfaces, especially at the nanoscale where soft matter and hard matter can be joined Complex systems, emergent behavior, the intersection of the physical and biological sciences, and even the intersection of science and society New tools for: Spatial characterization, especially at the atomic and nanoscales and especially for in-situ studies Temporal characterization for studying the time evolution of processes Theory and computation 11

12 Relationships Between Science and Technology in DOE Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research Applied Research Technology Maturation & Deployment Basic research for fundamental new understanding, the science grand challenges Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for advanced modeling and computation Basic research for new understanding specifically to overcome short-term showstoppers on real-world materials in the DOE technology programs Research with the goal of meeting technical targets, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes Proof of technology concept Cost reduction Scale-up research Prototyping Manufacturing R&D Deployment support Office of Science BES Technology Offices EERE, NE, FE, TD, EM, RW, 12

13 Example: Solar-to to-electric Energy Conversion Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research Applied Research Technology Maturation & Deployment Low-dimensionality, quantum confinement, and the control of the density of states of photons, phonons, electrons Defects, disorder, and tolerance to same of advanced materials Molecular self assembly and self repair Light collection, electricfield concentration in materials, photonic crystals, photon management Designer interfaces and thin films Theory and modeling New or nanostructured materials for multiple-junction solar cells Controlling/extracting energy from multiple-exciton generation Mitigation of non-radiative recombination in real-world solar cell materials Synthesis and processing science: Thin-film growth, templating, strain relaxation, nucleation and growth Enhanced coupling of solar radiation to absorber materials, e.g., by periodic dielectric or metallodielectric structures Plastic solar cells made from molecular, polymeric, or nanoparticle-based materials Dye-sensitized solar cells Technology Milestones: Decrease the cost of solar to be competitive with existing sources of electricity in 10 years Deploy 5-10 GW of photovoltaics (PV) capacity by 2015, to power ~2 million homes. Residential: 8-10 /kwhr Commercial: 6-8 /kwhr Utility: 5-7 /kwhr (2005 $s) Silicon solar cells single crystal, multicrystal, ribbon, thin-layer; production methods; impurities, defects, and degradation Thin-film solar cells a-si, CuInSe, CdTe, Group III-V technologies High-efficiency solar cells Polymeric and dyesensitized solar cells Assembly and fabrication R&D issues Cost reduction Scale-up research Prototyping Manufacturing R&D Deployment support BES EERE 13

14 BES User Facilities Long-range Plan Tracks Facilities for the Future of Science Under construction at the time of the evaluation Spallation Neutron Source 5 Nanoscale Science Research Centers SSRL (SPEAR3) upgrade Facilities underway since the evaluation Linac Coherent Light Source Transmission Electron Aberration Corrected Microscope National Synchrotron Light Source - II BESAC evaluation February 2003 Report released late 2003 Facilities rated longer-term priority at the time of the evaluation Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade (CD-0 signed) Spallation Neutron Source 2 nd target station Advanced Light Source upgrade Advanced Photon Source upgrade Available at 14

15 BES Scientific User Facilities Serve ~10,000 Users Each Year Advanced Light Source National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab Linac Coherent Light Source Combustion Research Facility Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Materials Preparation Center Center for Nanoscale Materials Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research Pulse Radiolysis Facility Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Advanced Photon Source Center for Functional Nanomaterials National Synchrotron Light Source National Synchrotron Light Source-II Spallation Neutron Source Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Shared Research Equipment Program High-Flux Isotope Reactor 4 Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources Linac Coherent Light Source (Under construction) 4 High-Flux Neutron Sources (SNS under construction) 3 Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers 5 Nanoscale Science Research Centers (Under construction) 3 Special Purpose Centers 15

16 BES Facilities for X-ray X Scattering Advanced Photon Source National Synchrotron Light Source Advanced Light Source 7,000 NUMBERS OF USERS 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 APS ALS SSRL NSLS Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory FISCAL YEAR 16

17 International Benchmarking: 3rd Generation Synchrotrons Worldwide de Foreign U.S. Present Foreign Present 0 Total Number of Beam Ports Considering only beam ports on the 3rd generation sources, this shows that by 2009 the U.S. will be outnumbered by the rest of the world by 7:1 (123 beam ports in the U.S. versus 806 beam ports in the rest of the world). 17

18 The NSLS-II Project NSLS-II is a highly optimized x-ray synchrotron project delivering: extremely high brightness and flux;* exceptional beam stability; and a suite of advanced instruments, optics, and detectors that capitalize on these special capabilities. About one fourth of the highest brightness beamlines will be instrumented as part of the project. Together these enable: 1 nm spatial resolution, 0.1 mev energy resolution, and single atom sensitivity. NSLS-II will provide: the world s finest capabilities both for x-ray imaging and for high-resolution energy analysis, ~10x better than any other synchrotron now operating or under construction and 1,000x higher sensitivity. Technical specifications set NSLS-II apart from all other synchrotrons worldwide. X-ray Ring Energy: 3 GeV Current: 500 ma Circumference: 630 m Brightness: 120x greater than APS for hard x-rays, 380x greater than ALS for soft x-rays Flux: 12x greater than APS for hard x-rays, 12x greater than ALS for soft x-rays Infrared Ring Energy: 800 MeV, Current: 1000 ma Other Instruments, optics, robotics, detectors Accelerator Tunnel Linac *Fluxis a measure of the total beam intensity; high flux is important for experiments that use the entire unfocused beam. Brightness is a measure of the beam intensity per square millimeter of source size, per square milliradian of opening angle, and within a given spectral bandwidth (usually 0.1%); high brightness is important for experiments that need tightly focused, very intense beams. Experimental Floor 18 18

19 The Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC The World s First X-ray FEL Linac Injector e-beam Transport Far Experiment Hall (underground) Undulator Near Experiment Hall 19

20 Photon Science Becomes a Partner with Particle Physics & Particle e Astrophysics at SLAC

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22 The Spallation Neutron Source will Attempt First Beam on Target in April/May

23 Spallation Neutron Source Target monolith and beam ports Superconducting linac Hg target module 23

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25 High Flux Isotope Reactor 25

26 Instrument Installation in the HFIR Cold Guide Hall 26

27 HFIR Will Have More than One Dozen World Leading Instruments 27

28 The Nanoscale Science Research Centers the DOE Signature Contribution to the NNI Available at: 28

29 Nanoscale Science Research Centers Artists Conceptions All five DOE Nanoscale Science Research Centers are in construction (on-time, within budget) with commissioning beginning in FY Center for Functional Nanomaterials (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Center for Nanoscale Materials (Argonne National Laboratory) Molecular Foundry (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (Sandia & Los Alamos National Labs) 29

30 Nanoscale Science Research Centers Actual Photos Center for Functional Nanomaterials (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Center for Nanoscale Materials (Argonne National Laboratory) Molecular Foundry (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (Sandia( & Los Alamos National Labs) 30

31 Nanoscale Science Research Centers Timelines 3131

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33 Details of the FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request for BES 33

34 Details of the FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request for BES NSR C 34

35 Details of the FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request for BES 35

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