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1 Study Island Copyright 2017 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 04/06/2017 Generated By: Aron Zender Title: EOC Review - Inquiry & Application 1. Ken enjoys bird watching. Every summer, he sees many ruby-throated hummingbirds in his garden. However, during the winter, he never sees any ruby-throated hummingbirds. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis that Ken could make to explain the winter absence of the hummingbirds? A. Ruby-throated hummingbirds hibernate during the winter. B. Ruby-throated hummingbirds do not like being cold. C. Where do ruby-throated hummingbirds go in the winter? D. Do ruby-throated hummingbirds like cold weather? 2. A chemist is conducting an experiment to find an enzyme that speeds up a reaction between Chemical A and Chemical B. The chemist places Chemical A and Chemical B together in a beaker and then times how long it takes for the reaction to occur. Next, the chemist places the same amount of the two chemicals in a second identical beaker. The chemist adds an enzyme and then times how long the reaction takes to occur. Did the chemist use adequate experimental controls? No, this experiment included two variables instead of one. A. No, this experiment did not include a control group. B. Yes, the first chemical reaction (without the enzyme) acted as a control. C. Yes, both of the reactions that occurred acted as controls. D. 3. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 4. Before a scientist's experiment is published in an academic journal, which process must occur in order for the scientific community to be ensured that no bias exists in the experiment? A. a scientific trial B. a televised debate

2 C. a 100-year hold time D. peer review 5. A possible answer to a testable scientific question is known as. A. an experiment B. a hypothesis C. variables D. data 6. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 7. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 8. Rebeca is a wildlife ecologist, and she has been hired to find a way to reduce the number of poisonous toads that have flooded into a local farming community. She hypothesizes that introducing a species of toad-eating snakes to the region should reduce the toad's numbers. However, months after the snakes have been released into the wild, Rebeca finds that both the toad and snake populations have increased. What is a possible explanation for these findings? A. The toads have found a new region to live in. B. The snakes have found a different source of food. C. Cats have been feeding on the toads. D. The toads are feeding on the snakes. 9. A group of marine biologists measured the length of each member of a population of bottlenose dolphins from tip to tail. The data they gathered is shown below.

3 Which of the following is true about the biologists' data? A. The average length of the dolphins is 5 feet. B. Two different lengths are common in this population. C. The data shows no trend regarding length. D. There are two average lengths for this population. 10. Jessica knows that the greatest amount of radiant energy from the Sun is incident on the Earth's surface when the Sun is at its highest point in the sky, known as its zenith. From this information, Jessica hypothesizes that the daily temperature will be at its highest when the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky. So, for one week Jessica records the time that the Sun reaches its zenith and the time of the day's high temperature. Her results are recorded below. Day Time of Zenith Time of High Temp. 1 12:25 p.m. 3:03 p.m. 2 12:22 p.m. 2:59 p.m. 3 12:19 p.m. 2:59 p.m. 4 12:17 p.m. 2:58 p.m. 5 12:16 p.m. 2:53 p.m. 6 12:16 p.m. 2:51 p.m. 7 12:15 p.m. 2:51 p.m. Clearly, Jessica's results do not agree with her hypothesis. What might be an alternative explanation for her data?

4 A. The high temperatures were reached during the Sun's zenith. B. The temperature was constant throughout the week. C. The Sun actually reaches its zenith at 3:00 p.m. every day. D. It takes the Earth's surface time to warm up. 11. Spontaneous generation is the hypothesis that nonliving material can spontaneously change into a living organism. Hundreds of years ago, many scientists accepted this hypothesis. The following is one experiment that was performed to test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation: Meat was placed in three identical glass jars. One jar was left open, one jar was tightly sealed, and one jar was covered with a fine mesh that allowed air into the jar but kept flies out. Maggots (fly larvae) only appeared in the open jar. Was the control used in this experiment adequate? No, this experiment included two variables instead of one. A. Yes, both the sealed jar and the jar with mesh were controls for the open jar. B. No, this experiment did not include a control group. C. Yes, the open jar acted as a control. D. 12. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 13. Examine the table below which shows the results of an experiment done to test the hypothesis that the chemical Xylol was carcinogenic (causes cancer). Group Species of Test Subject Results from Xylol Experiment Number of Group Members Amount of Xylol Exposure Temperature of the Cages No. of Cancer Cases Control M. musculus 15 0 mg 25 C 0 #1 M. musculus 15 5 mg 20 C 0 #2 M. musculus mg 20 C 1 #3 M. musculus mg 20ºC 3 #4 M. musculus mg 25 C 3 #5 M. musculus mg 30 C 11 #6 M. musculus mg 30 C 12 Was this experiment adequately controlled?

5 Yes, each of the test groups contained the same number of members. A. No, the number of cancer cases varied amongst each group. B. Yes, the scientists had a control group and only one variable. C. No, there is more than one variable in the experiment. D. 14. The height of sand dune near the Indian Ocean's shoreline grows in a linear fashion. Scientists plot the growth of this sand dune over a six-year period, with data recorded every six months. If the sand dune continues to follow this trend of growth, about what height should be expected after eight years? A feet B feet C feet D feet 15. A biologist has hypothesized that a certain species of bacteria reproduces most rapidly in an environment where the temperature is 25ºC. When the biologist designs her experiment, which variable should she manipulate? A. Petri dish size B. type of bacteria species

6 C. temperature D. food source 16. Examine the table below. It shows the results of an experiment done to test the hypothesis that a certain brand of pesticide would eliminate scorpion egg production. Which variable was manipulated in the experiment? Group Kind of Scorpion Amount of Pesticide Temperature Number of Eggs Produced Control Bark 0 mg 25 C 50 #1 Bark 5 mg 25 C 30 #2 Bark 10 mg 25 C 10 #3 Bark 15 mg 25 C 0 #4 Bark 20 mg 25 C 0 #5 Bark 25 mg 25 C 0 #6 Bark 30 mg 25 C 0 A. number of eggs produced B. temperature C. kind of scorpion D. amount of pesticide 17. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 18. Jenny was worried about how some pollutants in a lake near her home were affecting the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, so she designed the following experiment. First, she collected five 10-gallon aquariums and filled each with water from her tap. Then, she tested the initial oxygen level of the tap water. Next, she put a tablespoon of different pollutants, including gasoline, cooking oil, paint, and lawn fertilizer, in each of four of the tanks. She stirred those four tanks for 1 minute each to help the pollutant dissolve or spread out in the tank. Finally, she tested the oxygen level in each tank once every hour and recorded her results in the table below. Tank Pollutant in water Initial O 2 level (without pollutants) O 2 level after 1 hour O 2 level after 2 hours...

7 1 none 2 gasoline 3 cooking oil 4 paint 5 lawn fertilizer What is the dependent variable in Jenny's experiment? A. levels of O 2 in each tank B. initial oxygen level in tank without pollutant C. pollutant in each tank D. amount of pollutant put in each tank 19. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 20. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 21. Bill likes to go to horse races. At the races, he notices that a certain breed of horse usually comes in first place, while a different breed of horse usually comes in last place. Which of the following is a testable scientific question that Bill could ask about his observations? A. Do slower breeds of horses lack determination? B. Do faster breeds of horses have longer legs? C. Are some breeds of horses prettier than others? D. Do some horses want to win the race more than others? 22. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 23. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 24. Tyler wants to know how the growth of tomato plants is affected by the quantities of various gases in the atmosphere. What type of scientific investigation should Tyler conduct in order to accurately answer his question through direct observations?

8 A. Tyler should grow tomato plants in his back yard. B. Tyler should ask a professional gardener about tomato plants. C. Tyler should research tomato plants on the internet. D. Tyler should perform a controlled experiment. 25. A student hypothesizes that placing blood cells in high concentrations of salt water will cause them to grow and eventually lyse, or burst. He performed an experiment in which he submerged blood cells in various concentrations of salt water and recorded his results in the table below. All conditions were kept the same except for the salinity of the water. Salinity Cell Diameter (in micrometers) Lysis? 0.0% N/A Y 0.3% 8.0 μm N 0.6% 7.4 μm N 0.9% 6.6 μm N 1.2% 6.0 μm N Does the student's data support his hypothesis? A. No; cell lysis never occurs. B. No; the cells shrink with increasing salinity. C. Yes; the cells grow with increasing salinity. D. There is not enough information to tell. 26. Prior to starting their science fair investigations, the students in Mrs. Hensley's biology class are required to submit a summary of their experimental designs. One student submitted the following: Hypothesis: o Fertilizer X increases fruit production in tomato plants. Procedure: o Two tomato seeds will be germinated at the same time. o Each germinated seed will be placed in a separate 500 ml container. o Exactly 500 g of soil will be added to each container, and the germinated seeds will be placed 1 cm below the surface. o 20 g of Fertilizer X will be added to one plant.

9 o o o 0 g of Fertilizer X will be added to the second plant. Each plant will receive the same amount of water and light each day. After 60 days, the total number of tomatoes produced by each plant will be counted The teacher identified a problem with the procedure and asked the student to revise the method. Which of the following is a problem with the student's procedure? A. The procedure includes too many independent variables. B. The procedure includes too many dependent variables. C. The procedure is lacking multiple trials. D. The procedure is missing a control. 27. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 28. Juanita runs a restaurant. She wants to make sure that the food served by her restaurant is as clean as possible. Juanita wants to find out the best way to kill or wash off any microorganisms on the fresh produce used by her cooks. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis that Juanita could make in order to conduct an experiment concerning her problem? A. B. Produce must be washed under running water for 10 minutes in order to remove all microorganisms on the produce. What is the best way to kill or wash off any microorganisms in the fresh produce used by the restaurant? What does the local health code say concerning the treatment of produce? C. D. Fresh produce will taste better if it is irradiated in order to kill all of the microorganisms on the produce. 29. A dentist hypothesizes that patients that floss their teeth every day will have fewer cavities than those that don't. He questioned several of his patients regarding their flossing habits and then compiled the table found below. Patient Name Flosses daily? Number of cavities Jamal Y 2 Kendra N 4

10 Stephanie N 1 Brandy Y 3 Travis Y 1 Does the dentist's data support his hypothesis? A. Further research is needed. B. No; flossing daily actually increases the number of cavities. C. Yes; flossing daily definitely reduces the number of cavities. D. Yes; flossing daily prohibits the formation of cavities. 30. An excerpt from the procedure of an experiment is shown below. "In order to determine the effectiveness of various enzymes on the rate of a reaction, we prepared six samples, adding a different enzyme to each sample. Each sample was kept at 70 C for the duration of the reaction..." Based on the information in the excerpt, which of the following is true? A. There were no variables present in the experiment. B. The experiment will not give useful results because all enzymes become inactive above 67 C. C. One sample should have had no enzyme and acted as a control. D. The samples should not have been kept at the same temperature. 31. Dr. Morris predicts that if a new drug is given to rabbits, then the drug will increase their metabolic rates and cause them to lose weight. He designs an experiment to test his prediction. Dr. Morris separates six rabbits into two equal groups and weighs them all individually. He gives the experimental group of rabbits the drug but does not give it to the control group. He keeps everything else about the rabbits' living environment the same, including the amount of food and water provided. After three weeks, Dr. Morris reweighs the rabbits to see if they have lost weight. His results are shown in the table below. Group Original Rabbit Weight Rabbit Weight After 3 Weeks Control 2.3 lbs 2.4 lbs Control 2.8 lbs 2.7 lbs Control 3.5 lbs 3.7 lbs Experimental 2.5 lbs 2.8 lbs

11 Experimental 3.4 lbs 3.9 lbs Experimental 2.9 lbs 3.1 lbs Based on the table, was Dr. Morris' prediction supported by his data? Yes; Dr. Morris designed the experiment correctly so his prediction must be correct. A. No; Dr. Morris should not have used a control group in his experiment. B. Yes; the data in the table supports Dr. Morris' prediction. C. No; the data in the table does not support Dr. Morris' prediction. D. 32. A scientist forms a hypothesis and conducts an experiment to test it. The experimental results support the hypothesis. What could the scientist do next to improve the reliability of his results? A. plan a different experiment that could be used to test the hypothesis B. repeat the experiment C. come up with another hypothesis to test D. announce that the hypothesis is true 33. Adrian read about a new antimicrobial in a popular magazine. The advertisement claimed that the product Bactokil prevents bacterial growth. So, Adrian conducted a controlled experiment to test the product claims. Adrian added 1 ml of a solution containing different concentrations of Bactokil to equivalent samples of Escherichia coli bacteria and plated them in Petri dishes. After 24 hours, he counted the number of colonies on each plate. A graph of his results is shown below.

12 What should Adrian conclude about the claims of Bactokil based on the results? The results of the controlled experiment refute the claims of the company. A. The results of the controlled experiment neither support nor refute the claims of the company. B. The results of the controlled experiment support the claims of the company. C. The results of the controlled experiment prove the claims of the company. D. 34. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 35. Jake is performing an experiment to test the effectiveness of a specific brand of fertlizer. Jake plants 25 rosebushes into five equal groups and gives each group a different amount of the fertlizer every week. He measures the initial height of the rosebushes and then measures their growth after two months. He averages the growth of each group and records this data in the table below. Fertlizer and Average Rose Growth Amount of Fertlizer Given Weekly Average Growth of Rosebushes 0 grams 3.5 inches 25 grams 3.7 inches 50 grams 4.2 inches 75 grams 4.5 inches

13 Jake then makes a graph of his results. 100 grams 2.7 inches Jake incorrectly constructs his graph. Which of following is wrong with Jake's graph? The graph's axes are not labeled. A. The graph does not have a title. B. One or both of the graph's axes are missing units. C. The independent and dependent variables are on the wrong axes. D. Answers 1. A 2. C D 5. B B 9. B 10. D 11. D D 14. D 15. C 16. D

14 A B D 25. B 26. C A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A D