Processing Tomato Breeding and Genetics Research 2004.

Transcription

1 00 Tomato Breeding Processing Tomato Breeding and Genetics Research 00. Alba McIntyre Troy Aldrich Wencai Yang Audrey Darrigues David M. Francis The Ohio State University, OARDC 0 Madison Ave. Wooster, OH Horticulture and Crop Science Series No., 00

2 00 Tomato Breeding Processing Tomato Breeding and Genetics Research 00. Introduction The Ohio State University/OARDC tomato breeding program is focused on variety and breeding line development for the processing industry in the Mid-West and Mid-Atlantic states. The long-term sustainability of plant breeding efforts requires the identification of new sources of genetic variation and new traits. The OSU/OARDC program develops new populations to expand our base of useful genetics. Developmental research has centered on structuring populations for simultaneous trait identification, genetic mapping, and breeding. Our goal is to apply new discoveries through variety development. Breeding New Varieties and Parental Lines for the Great Lakes Tomato Industry The 00 growing season was characterized by above normal spring rains and cooler than average growing conditions. Over the past three years our variety trial locations have experienced as little as 0. inches and as much as. inches of precipitation during peak fruit set. Our Wooster location received inches of rain in one week during the 00 season. Despite diverse and adverse conditions, varieties OX and OX continued to perform well in plot trials. We will continue to look for a partner to distribute these varieties in the Midwest. Several experimental hybrids have demonstrated potential over three years of testing (Table ), and could be considered for release. FG0- and FG0-0 both rank above commercial standards Heinz 0 and PS for field performance. Both varieties are characterized by high yield, low cull percentage, and excellent field holding potential. The color and color uniformity of fruit are within industry norms, though neither variety represents an improvement over industry standards. FG- shows similar potential, though field performance is not as striking. Unfortunately varieties that have excelled for fruit quality, such as FG00-, have not performed well with respect to yield. The experimental variety FG0-0 and GEM represent varieties with a combination of above average field performance and fruit quality. Several TSH varieties appear promising and deserve further testing, especially as early season varieties. Results of the Canning trial are described in a separate report, Year 00 Tomato Cultivar Evaluation for Processing (HCS Series no., 00). Results of the multi-location trail containing varieties, breeding lines and experimental hybrids are described in Appendix and at the end of this report. Technology Transfer The OSU office of technology licensing has improved its service and outreach efforts. Material Transfer Agreements for obtaining tomato seed may be obtained by through the address MTA-CDA@rf.ohio-state.edu. Copies of the MTA may also be obtained on the world wide web at In 00 we distributed over 00 breeding lines to six seed companies and five University cooperators.

3 00 Tomato Breeding Table. Field performance over years (00, 00, 00) Variety T/A FG00-. FG00-. FG FG00-. FG00-.0 FG00-. FG0-0. FG0-. FG0-0. FG-. FG-. FG-. FG-. FG-. FG- 0.0 GEM. GEM. GEM. GEM. H. H0 0. O. O. OH.0 OH. OH.0 OX. OX. OX.0 PS. Sun. Yield % Frt Wt. 0 0 Cull gm ph Brx Mean

4 00 Tomato Breeding Development of new disease resistance In 00 we emphasized developing broad-based resistance to bacterial spot from the PI0. Breeding lines selected for resistance were crossed to elite breeding lines, and test-cross performance was evaluated for disease resistance, field performance and quality. Table summarizes test cross performance of early generation lines relative to controls. Table. Test cross performance of Breeding Lines Developed for Improved Resistance to Bacterial Spot. Breeding Yield Index Line Mean F Control OH Control PS Control U00.0 F wy 0. Control OH. F Control U. Control C. Control C0. Control OX. Control OH. 0 0 Disease Index (0-) Mean Susceptible control Partially resistant hybrid. Several breeding lines derived from PI0 exhibited both moderate levels of resistance to bacterial spot and acceptable field performance. We are making breeding germplasm available under MTA s. Breeding material that combines resistance to bacterial spot Race T strains and bacterial speck were released in 00, and distributed to industry cooperators in 00. Traits that remain to be improved in this germplasm include increasing fruit size and reducing vine size. Our experience suggests that combining partially resistant germplasm with compact and large fruited parents results in hybrids with potential for the Midwest industry. Mean..0 LSD

5 00 Tomato Breeding Managing Tomatoes for Color Quality With the assistance of a grant from the USDA/IFAFS program we have developed management strategies to reduce color disorders through variety choice, soil tests to select growing locations, and nutrient management. Internal white tissue, yellow eye, yellow shoulder, and green shoulder represent a range of symptom severity for a single problem, Yellow Shoulder Disorder (YSD). Developmental abnormalities include a reduction in cell size and a more random arrangement of cells in the sectored tissue. The green chloroplasts in YSD tissue fail to develop into red chromoplasts. These alterations are triggered very early in fruit development and are not reversed by delaying harvest. YSD reduces pro-vitamin A content and lycopene content by as much as % in affected fruit, and the disorder therefore contributes to both poor appearance and reduced nutritional quality. Results from our studies are summarized under the managing color disorders link at The web site also contains some tools that will facilitate information and technology transfer related for color quality management. An important new discovery in 00 is the strong association with low available Phosphorous (P) and a high incidence of YSD. A poster summarizing results of the USDA/IFAFS research are included with this report. Acknowledgements Thanks to Matt Hoefelich, Sean Mueller, and Troy Aldrich for technical assistance in planting, care, and harvesting of plots and Audrey Darrigues, Wencai Yang, and Alba McIntyre for assistance in the Quality Lab. Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the USDA/IFAFS program, and grant funds from the Mid-America Food Processors Association. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by The Ohio State University over other firms or similar products not mentioned.

6 00 Tomato Breeding

7 00 Tomato Breeding Appendix. 00 Trial Data for Multi-location trials ( varieties). GENOTYPE Yield Pot Ripe Yield % % FRT Sz Vine Disease % Mean Mean Green Cull (gm) Width (In) Severity Brx ph Crack K-. C. C0. C. C.0 FG00-.0 FG00-. FG00-. FG00-. FG FG00-. FG0-0. FG0-.0 FG0-0. FG-. FG-. FG-. FG-. FG-.0 FG-.0 GEM.0 GEM. GEM.0 GEM. GEM. GEM. GEM. H0. H. H0 0. O. O. OH0-0. OH0-. OH.0 OH. Ohio. OX.0 OX.0 OX. PS

8 00 Tomato Breeding PX0. RedSKy. Sun. Sun.0 TSH. TSH.0 TSH.0 TSH0. TSH. TSH 0. TSH. TSH. U Mean LSD

9 00 Tomato Breeding Appendix. 00 Color and Color Uniformity Data for Multi-location trials ( varieties). Genotype L rank Hue rank Chroma rank Ldiff rank Hdiff rank %GF rank K-. k. k. C. C0. C. C 0. FG00-.0 FG00-. FG00-. FG00-.0 FG00-. FG00-. FG FG0-. FG0-0. FG-. FG- 0. FG-. FG-. FG-.0 FG-. GEM 0. GEM. GEM GEM. GEM. GEM 0. GEM. H0. H.0 H0 0. O. O 0. Ohio 0.0 OX. OX. OX 0.0 PS. PX 0. RedSky

10 00 Tomato Breeding Sun. Sun. TSH. TSH.0 TSH. TSH0. TSH. TSH. TSH 0. TSH. U Overall mean LSD (0.0) HCS Series number No., 00 All programs of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential clientele without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran status.