Twenty First Century Science. PILOT Examination Questions. GCSE Science Jan 2005 Keeping healthy, Radioactive materials, Life on Earth (Mark Scheme)

Transcription

1 Twenty First Century Siene PILOT Examination Questions GCSE Siene Jan 005 Keeping healthy, Radioative materials, Life on Earth (Mark Sheme) Please note: These questions are not Sample Assessment Materials (SAMs) for the new OCR speifiation (for Sept 006). The style of question varies from that used for the new speifiations. For up to date SAMs see the OCR wesite: These questions are provided for lassroom use y teahers, to develop students understanding of Ideas aout Siene. Some of the material overed in these questions is no longer part of the GCSE Siene speifiation. Please hek the speifiation doument efore using these questions. COPYRIGHT These questions are OCR puliations. UYSEG and Nuffield Curriulum Centre are grateful to OCR for allowing these papers to e distriuted eletronially in order to support teahers and students following Twenty First Century Siene. We apologise for any opyright oversight for illustrations and photographs reprodued in the questions, and would request any suh opyright holders to ontat us in order that neessary arrangements an e made.

2 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 F Tier January 005 Tears; Skin; Aid; 3 a orret = or 3 orret = Millions of years ago 3 a Geneti inheritane; Lifestyle; 3 i All 3 ars drawn orretly = marks; ars drawn orretly = mark; ii Lak of exerise; Any one from Age / gender / size of population / stress / geneti referenes / diet / level of exerise / level of smoking; Ignore ref. to other ountries Ignore ref. to lifestyle unless speified 6 Qn part Expeted answers marks Additional guidane 4 a Alpha; Aept Beta;, Gamma rays an kill living ells / ateria / penetrate the pakaging; Gamma rays annot penetrate thik onrete / protet people / does not esape; d Idea of time to halve; Idea of quantity / radioativity dropping;

3 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 F Tier January 005 ei Bakground radiation; eii Ionising radiation an ause aner; Idea of risk inreasing with dose; Ignore harm Aept too muh fi Sievert; fii Idea of reahing a limit; Aept too muh g Radiographers; Dentists; Nulear power station workers; People who have X-rays; People who take X-rays; Dotors / sientists working with radioative materials / X-rays; 5 ai Hydra efore rayfish; Crayfish efore human; 3 Do not aept exposure to X-rays unless qualified Brain; Learn; Suessful; 3 Brain; Spinal ord; 7 6 ai Furnae; Steam; Generator; 3 Easily transmitted from plae to plae; Used in many ways / universally used in many applianes; Clean at point of use; Provide heating / light; Ignore list Ignore just operates devies 0.8%; i Creates jos; Redue aron dioxide emissions; Redue pollution from (fossil fuels); Wind is free / renewale; Referene to visual pollution qualified; Ignore lean Aept redue nonrenewale (fossil fuel) energy prodution QWC Corret use of SPAG Aept mistake per sentene ii Unattrative / visual pollution; Ignore ruining the ountryside

4 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 F Tier January 005 Not reliale / depend on weather; Hazard to wildlife; Large onrete foundations ausing harm; Ignore noise 7 a Look for safety / side effets; Look for effetiveness; Idea of assessing safety / effetiveness; Patients already ill so may make worse; Any two well reasoned arguments from Cruelty issues; Animals may have different responses; QWC Well ordered answer 7 Must qualify ruelty point with ethial ak up Qn part Expeted answers marks Additional guidane 8 a Flu miroes reprodue / damage ody ells; Flu miroes produe poisons / toxins; Flu miroes are viruses; Antiiotis destroy ateria / annot kill viruses; Prevent people getting flu / develop immunity; Prevent it eing passed on / to prevent epidemis; Need to vainate a high perentage of a population / ahieves herd immunity; Ill or elderly; Idea of proteting; 6 Cannot kill viruses on its own = mark Aept resistane Aept qualified ost argument = 9 a Universe is too large / other planets are too far away; It would take a very long time (to reah the nearest star); Large numer of them to visit; Ignore find out more aout our planet Looking for life on another planet; Might e a planet suitale for us to live on; To find out how our planet formed; 4 Total for paper 60 Aept how long it will last

5 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 H Tier January 005 a Universe is too large / other planets are too far away; It would take a long very time (to reah the nearest star); Large numer of them to visit; Ignore find out more aout our planet Looking for life on another planet; Might e a planet suitale for us to live on; To find out how our planet formed; 4 a Look for safety / side effets; Look for effetiveness; Aept how long it will last Idea of assessing safety / effetiveness; Patients already ill so may make worse; Any two well reasoned arguments from Cruelty issues; Animals may have different responses; More effetive to test on human volunteers; QWC Well ordered answer 3 a Flu miroes reprodue / damage ody ells; Flu miroes produe poisons / toxins; Must qualify ruelty point with ethial ak up 7 Flu miroes are viruses; Antiiotis destroy ateria / annot kill viruses; Cannot kill viruses on its own = mark Prevent people getting flu / develop immunity; Prevent it eing passed on / to prevent epidemis; Need to vainate a high perentage of a population / ahieves herd immunity; Ill or elderly; Idea of proteting; 6 4 ai One named speies extint or endangered; Aept resistane Aept qualified ost argument = Desription of examples of human ativity haitat; hunting; pollution; introdution of predator; introdution of disease; ompetitor; When part of a food hain eomes extint it affets other organisms in the food hain; Speies have more hane of surviving in an

6 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 H Tier January 005 eosystem with a diverse range of speies; Maintaining iodiversity ensures a sustainale environment; We do not yet understand the full potential of some of the plants; Important to maintain iodiversity for future development of food rops; And mediines; Gene ank; 5 ai Heat from oal turns water into steam (in furnae); Steam turns turines; Turines turn generators; Generators produe eletriity; It / eletriity has to e produed from another soure QWC SPAG 5 3 any 3 stages Aept error per sentene Benefits reates jos; - loal eonomy enefits; redue aron dioxide emissions / pollution; - world enefit; out to sea so less visile pollution; - loals enefit; wind is free / renewale; - onsumer; 6 max 4 max for eah ategory Aept onverse Disadvantages unattrative; - loal people / redue tourism; hazard to wildlife / irds; - wildlife / naturalists / irds; large onrete foundations ause harm; - marine life / fishermen; 6 ai The lower the level of physial ativity the higher the risk of dying from heart disease; Must have link for seond mark Aept the reverse May e differene in age of people taking part; Size of groups; Interpretation of level of physial ativity etween different groups; Gender differene; Differenes in diet / smoking / stress / health / weight / genetis; For People an e healthy ut unfit / unhealthy ut fit; Ignore lifestyle unless qualified [Exerise = fitness]

7 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 H Tier January 005 Some healthy people die from heart disease; Fit people an ath diseases and eome ill; Some fit people may not eat properly; Health an e genetially determined; Against Regular exerise is good for health; Exerise will redue weight / slimmer / redue lood pressure / heart disease; 7 7 a Penetrate pakaging; Highly energeti; Damage living ells / kill ateria; i Idea of quantity / radioativity dropping; Idea of time to halve; ii Ativity would derease rapidly; Would need replaing; Ignore travel further Ignore stronger / more radioative i Ionising radiation an ause aner; Idea of risk inreasing with dose; Ignore harm Aept too muh ii Idea of reahing a limit; Aept too muh d Nulear power worker / sientists or dotors working with radioative materials; limit exposure time / wear protetive lothing; radiographers / people who take X-rays / dentists; withdraw from room; people who have X-rays; ontrol dose / shield part of ody; people exposed to radon gas; hek houses / masks / protetive lothing; 8 a Information / Oservations / Drawings of different types of animals and plants; From different ountries / islands / on his travels; Fossils; Aept named organism i ii Any one from Could support his theory with evidene; Had the support of other sientists; The theory explained phenomena / oservations; He ould make preditions that were then onfirmed; This was against their religious eliefs/

8 Final Mark Sheme Paper 3 H Tier January 005 The hurh did not agree with the theory / diffiult to understand / did not think that the earth was old enough; i ii The work of Hutton was diffiult to understand / too long; The work of Hutton was not supported y oservations / had less evidene; He was not well known / less supported y other sientists; Mutation produes variation / new gene; Organism may e more likely to survive; and so reprodue / produe offspring / reed; pass on genes; population will hange over long period of time; 3 9 total 60 Aept the reverse Aept survival of fittest MAX without an example