4. Totipotency is the genetic potential of a single plant cell to produce entire plant.

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1 QP Code: 3840 F.Y.B.Sc. Biotechnology Semester II Examination ( 09 th October 2017) Model Answers Biotechnology-I : Tissue culture & Scientific Writing & communication Q1. Do as directed: 1. HEPA filter - High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter 2. G.Haberlandt 3. Murashige& Skoog / White's / B5 / Nitsch 4. Totipotency is the genetic potential of a single plant cell to produce entire plant. 5. Production of phenolic compounds leads to browning of callus. 6. Synthetic medium is a medium composed of chemically defined compounds. 7. Auxins 8. ph 5 to Subculture is a new culture made by transferring some or all the cells from a previous culture to fresh growth medium. 10. Cryopreservation is a process that preserves cells (or tissues) by cooling the samples to very low temperatures for eg., typically by using liquid nitrogen (-196⁰C). 11. The student can give any example listed in the text book. HeLa, L929 etc., are common examples. 12. CO 2 Incubator. 13. True. 14. Phenol red. 15. Verbal 16. Physical, physiological, cultural, language, Interpersonal, psychological any one main type or sub type of these barriers can be quoted as an example. 17. True 18. Review article, Abstract, Research paper, Published article, thesis or any other relevant example. 19. Bibliography 20. Review paper.

2 Q.2 a. Explain the role of auxins and cytokinins in PTC media 8 Auxins - examples, rooting - 3 Marks Cytokinins- examples shooting 3 Marks Ratio of Auxin: cytokinin 2 marks (callus, rhizogenesis, shooting etc) M.K.Razdan 2nd edition pg Q.2 b.how would you sterilize the following in plant tissue culture? 7 1. MS medium - autoclaving and filter sterilization for thermolabile compounds. 2. Explants - surface sterilization by treatment with disinfectants like mercuric chloride, sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, etc. 3. Vitamins - filter sterilization 4. LAF hood - UV light and wiping the working surface with 95% ethanol minutes prior to operating. 5. Metal instruments - flame sterilization (dipping in 95% ethanol, flaming and cooling) 6. Culture vessels - autoclaving 7. Phytohormones - filter sterilization Q 2c. Explain in detail, the importance of macro and micro nutrients in PTC media 8 Listing Macro and micro nutrients 2 marks importance of each 3 marks M.K.Razdan pg Q 2d. Explain in detail the design of plant tissue culture laboratory 7 Main features of the laboratory, instruments and significance (open ended question) M.K.Razdan pg Q 3. a Explain the applications of animal tissue with a suitable diagram/chart 8

3 Q 3b Explain schematically the setting up of primary culture 7 Q 3c Discuss the advantages of animal cell culture 8 Discussion on any of the above points to be considered under the above categories

4 Q3d Explain the use of Laminar air flow and CO 2 incubator in animal cell culture laboratory 7 Laminar Air Flow: 3.5 marks Basic design of a LAF may be explained, with the significance of HEPA filter and concept of sterile area being mentioned1.5 marks Its use to handle biological material, especially for doing sterile work to facilitate minimum contamination chances is to be mentioned. 1.5 marks Its use in personnel protection and environment protection may also be included.0.5 marks CO 2 incubator:3.5 marks It provides an optimum environment for animal cell cultures to grow by maintaining a steady temperature, optimum humidity and correct CO 2 concentrations in order to maintain the ph of the medium which is normally a bicarbonate based medium. 2.5 marks How humidity and CO 2 is maintained in the incubator may be mentioned. 1.0 marks Q 4 a Elaborate on the elements of communication 8 The basic communication model consists of five elements of communication: the sender, the receiver, the message, the channel and feedback. Listing of elements 2 marks (These elements have to be explained by the student- 1 mark each element) can be explained by a diagram as well. 1 mark for the definition or significance of communication Q 4 b Explain with suitable examples non-verbal communication 7 Explanation of Non-verbal communication It is a type of communication that employs gestures and body language. The term "body language" is sometimes used to denote non-verbal communications. "Body Language" is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts through body-movements such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, touch, smell, walking styles and positions among others. These movements can be done either consciously or involuntarily; more often they happen subconsciously, and are accompanied, or not accompanied, by words. Any two illustrative Examples can be given by the student.

5 Q 4 c Read the following abstract and answer the following questions 8 1. Any suitable title can be given to the work 2 marks 2. Methanol and aqueous extracts of Avicennia marina and microorganisms E.coli and Bacillus subtilis were used 2 Marks 3. Disc diffusion assay, aqueous extract had an inhibitory effect but methanol extract had stronger effect. 2 marks 4. Any four relevant key words- 2 Marks Q 4 d Explain plagiarism with suitable examples 7 Plagiarism concept 2 Marks In college courses, we are continually engaging with other people s ideas: we read them in texts, hear them in lecture, discuss them in class, and incorporate them into our own writing. As a result, it is very important that we give credit where it is due. Plagiarism is using others ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information. Remedial steps to control or avoid plagiarism, use of plagiarism software 1 mark Any two convincing example such as academic stealing etc. can be explained- 4 Marks Q 5 Write short notes on any three of the following (5 Marks each) 15 a. Agar has long been used to solidify media for plant tissue culture. The type of agar or gelling agent used can influence the growth of the tissue in culture. Both purity and cost of the gelling agent are important factors in any research or production operation. For more details M.K.Razdan pg 28. b. Plant Tissue Culture by Kalyan Kumar De, pg 36-37

6 c. Serum and its role in animal tissue culture media : any five of the following points may be mentioned (1 mark each point) Rich source of proteins and amino acids: helps growth and division Growth factors: promotes proliferation Adhesion factors and antitrypsin activity: promotes cell attachment Also a rich source of minerals, lipids and hormones Most commonly used sera are: bovine calf, fetal bovine, adult horse or human Horse serum sometimes preferred over fetal bovine serum (FBS) since batch to batch variations are minimum and polyamines from serum, (which are mitogenic) are not easily degraded from horse serum d.autoclave: principle and applications Steam under pressure: 121⁰C, 15 psi, 15 min. 2 marks For sterilization of glasswares, media, solutions, equipments2.5marks Can also be used for decontamination of biological waste 0.5 mark e. Communication:- Characteristics and functions Communication is a process: Communication is a two way process which involves; listening to others (Receiving) message Asserting/Expressing (Sending). Communication is dynamic: it is ever changing depending on the variables at play. Communication is a complex a process. Communication is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information but also create and share meaning. Characteristics:- Communication involves the sharing of information using a code. Communication occurs between people and sometimes animals Communication is irreversible: once one has communicated something it cannot be recalled back. Communication must have the elements of communication: Source, receiver, channel, message, noise, feedback. Communication can be verbal/ non -verbal or visual. Communication can be accidental especially in non-verbal Functions:- 1. To change in behavior 2. To influence others 3.To express our thoughts and emotions through words & actions. 4. It is a tool for controlling and motivating people. 5. It is a social and emotional process. 6. Communication for improving self-confidence 7. Entertain 8. Educate 9. Establish relationships 10. Inform 11. Solve problems 12. Make orders 13. Give directions (Open ended question- can be discussed by the student as taught)