3. The following sequence is destined to be translated into a protein: However, a mutation occurs that results in the molecule being altered to:

Transcription

1 1. Please identify the molecule below: 5 -ACTCGATTACGATACGA-3ʼ a) DNA b) mrna c) trna d) rrna e) It cannot be determined 2. If a complimentary strand of RNA were made to the molecule in question 1, what would it look like? a) 5ʼ-TGAGCTAATGCTATGCT-3ʼ b) 5ʼ-UGAGCUAAUGCUAUGCU-3ʼ c) 5ʼ-TCGTATCGTAATCGAGT-3ʼ d) 5ʼ-UCGUAUCGUAAUCGAGU-3ʼ 3. The following sequence is destined to be translated into a protein: 5ʼ- AUG UGU CCC CUG AAA -3ʼ However, a mutation occurs that results in the molecule being altered to: 5ʼ- AUG UGA CCC CUG AAA -3ʼ What effect will this have on the protein that is made off of the mutated molecule compared to the molecule before the mutation occurred? a) The protein from the mutated molecule will be longer than that of the non-mutated molecule b) The protein from the mutated molecule will be shorter than that of the non-mutated molecule c) The protein from the mutated molecule will be the same length as that of the nonmutated molecule d) The mutated molecule will not even make a protein because it cannot signal for translation to start 4. Which of the following statements is not true about DNA polymerase? a) It reads the template strand in the 5ʼ to 3ʼ direction b) It writes the new daughter strand in the 3ʼ to 5ʼ direction c) It uses the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and U to make the new daughter DNA strand d) All of the above statements are true regarding DNA polymerase e) None of the above statements are true regarding DNA polymerase

2 5. The diagram below shows DNA replication is occurring. Please choose the strand of DNA that would be classified as the "leading" strand of DNA. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) None of the above are the leading strand 6. Which of the following is not used during translation? a) DNA b) mrna c) trna d) rrna e) All of the above are used in translation 7. In the below molecule of RNA, the shaded regions are exons, while the light regions are introns. Knowing this, which of the following could not be a mature mrna molecule after splicing has occurred? a) A molecule composed of A,C,E b) A molecule composed of C, G c) A molecule composed of A, B, E d) A molecule composed of D, F e) Answers c & d

3 8. Which of the following is not a form of RNA? a) mrna b) rrna c) drna d) trna e) All of the above are forms of RNA 9. The following diagram shows the protein products that are made with a normal gene and in an instance when that gene is mutated. What kind of mutation is shown in the mutated gene? a) Base substitution b) Insertion c) Deletion d) A&C 10. The amino acid sequence that results from the mutated sequence means that this particular mutation could also be classified as a: a) Frameshift mutation b) Missense mutation c) Nonsense mutation d) Silent mutation 11. The central dogma of biology states that: a) DNA is used to generate Protein which is used to generate RNA b) RNA is used to generate Protein which is used to generate DNA c) Protein is used to generate DNA which is used to generate RNA d) RNA is used to generate DNA which is used to generate Protein e) DNA is used to generate RNA which is used to generate Protein

4 12. The following molecule is occupying a particular site of the ribosome during translation. Please identify this molecule: a) DNA b) Small Ribosomal subunit c) Large Ribosomal subunit d) mrna molecule e) trna molecule 13. As previously stated, the molecule in question 12 occupies a particular site of the ribosome. Based upon its appearance in the previous question which site would it occupy? HINT: What, if anything, is attached to the molecule? a) A site b) P site c) E site d) G site e) O site 14. What signals the end of transcription in prokaryotes? a) A stop codon b) A terminator sequence c) A stop anticodon d) An RNA primer e) None of the above would stop transcription in prokaryotes % of a molecule of DNA is cytosine (C). This molecule of DNA would be composed of what percent of adenine (A)? a) 11.5% b) 23% c) 27% d) 46% e) 54%

5 16. Which of the following doesnʼt have to happen before a molecule of mrna can leave the nucleus of a cell? a) The introns must be spliced out of the RNA molecule b) Transcription much occur c) After splicing, the exons are ligated together d) Translation must occur e) All of the above must happen before the molecule of mrna can leave the nucleus 17. Which of the following is a factor that could prevent the transcription of a gene? a) Activator b) Transcription factor c) Promoter d) Repressor e) Operator 18. Which of the following is responsible for producing of the initial molecule of RNA that is made during Transcription? a) DNA Polymerase b) RNA Polymerase c) Ligase d) Ribosome For questions 19-24, please choose the answer that best matches each term. 19. Origin of Replication 20. Promoter 21. Terminator 22. Lagging Strand a) Composed of fragments of DNA because it is being made away from the replication fork b) Site of the initiation of transcription c) Number of Hydrogen bonds that form between an A and a T d) Site of the initiation of DNA duplication e) Signals the end of Transcription f) Number of Hydrogen bonds that form between a G and a C

6 25. The region of a trna that matches a triplet on the mrna strand is called an anticodon. TRUE / FALSE 26. In the cells of a female, one of the X-chromosomes condenses and the genes on it are not expressed. TRUE / FALSE 27. The A, P, and E sites used during translation are found in the small ribosomal subunit. TRUE / FALSE 28. Once a molecule has been duplicated, each of the two new molecules of DNA will be composed of 50% parental DNA and 50% daughter DNA. TRUE / FALSE 29. To make a polypeptide that was composed of 100 amino acids, the minimum number of nucleotides that could exist in the mrna molecule would be 200. TRUE / FALSE 30. The primary sugar of RNA is ribose. TRUE / FALSE