Frederic L. Kolb Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois (217)

Transcription

1 Frederic L. Kolb Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois (217)

2 I. Introduction II. Selection of Wheat Varieties III. Management Practices for Wheat

3 Rotation is beneficial to the entire cropping system. Spreads out the workload and weather risks. Reduces input costs. Reduces soil erosion. Aids in weed control. May increase soil organic matter. Breaks disease cycles. Wheat serves as a cover crop over the winter.

4 Corn yield, bu/acre Monmouth Rotation x Tillage, * 152 Tilled No-till 200 * * * C B A A Cont corn Soy-corn S-wheat-C W-S-C Rotation Courtesy of Emerson Nafziger

5 Return over variable costs, $/acre Monmouth, $450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 Tilled No-till $/bu Corn $3.75 Soy $8.75 Wheat $4.75 Cont. Corn Cont. Soy Corn-Soy C-S-W C-W-S Cropping system Courtesy of Emerson Nafziger

6 Corn yield, bu/acre Perry Tilled No-till * B A A A Cont corn Soy-corn Soy-wheat-corn Wheat-soy-corn Rotation Courtesy of Emerson Nafziger

7 Corn yield, bu/acre Brownstown rotation, Cont C Soy-Corn CCS-C1 CCS-C2 WsSC SWsC Rotation Courtesy of Emerson Nafziger

8 Return over variable costs, $/acre $250 Returns, Brownstown rotation, $200 $171 $181 $192 $167 $172 $150 $100 $50 $0 Cont C C-S C-C-S C-S-W/dcS C-W/dcS-S Crop Sequence Courtesy of Emerson Nafziger

9 1. Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance - also called scab 2. Test weight 3. Early Maturity 4. Yield 5. Winter hardiness 6. Resistance to other diseases 7. Lodging resistance / height

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11 Illinois Variety Trial website Southern Region performance Also see handout and website with FHB resistance data Scabsmart website (go to Variety Resistance)

12 Table 1. Southern Illinois regional wheat variety trial results, 2015 Regional Average Mulkeytown Belleville Company Variety ST 1 Yield Yield Rank Test wt. Height Yield Test wt. Yield Test wt. bu/ac 1 to 84 lb/bu in. bu/ac lb/bu bu/ac lb/bu Virginia Crop Impr. Assoc. VA11W-106 G Beck's Hybrids EX 5315 S Merschman Agnes G BioTown Seeds Diener 496 F Dyna-Gro 9522 G Dyna-Gro 9223 G AgriMAXX 413 C Trial Mean LSD, 10% CV, % ST- Seed Treatment: C= Cruiser+Fungicide, F= Fungicide, G= Gaucho+Fungicide and S= Escalate+Fungicide. The Brownstown location was removed from the regional average due to significant areas of water standing. Data from Emerson Nafziger and Darin Joos, Illinois Variety Testing

13 Table 1. Southern Illinois regional wheat variety trial results, 2015 Regional Average Mulkeytown Belleville Company Variety ST 1 Yield Yield Rank Test wt. Height Yield Test wt. Yield Test wt. bu/ac 1 to 84 lb/bu in. bu/ac lb/bu bu/ac lb/bu Virginia Crop Impr. Assoc. VA11W-106 G Beck's Hybrids EX 5315 S Merschman Agnes G BioTown Seeds Diener 496 F Dyna-Gro 9522 G Dyna-Gro 9223 G AgriMAXX 413 C Trial Mean LSD, 10% CV, % ST- Seed Treatment: C= Cruiser+Fungicide, F= Fungicide, G= Gaucho+Fungicide and S= Escalate+Fungicide. The Brownstown location was removed from the regional average due to significant areas of water standing. Data from Emerson Nafziger and Darin Joos, Illinois Variety Testing

14 Table 1. Southern Illinois regional wheat variety trial results, 2015 Regional Average Mulkeytown Belleville Company Variety ST 1 Yield Yield Rank Test wt. Height Yield Test wt. Yield Test wt. bu/ac 1 to 84 lb/bu in. bu/ac lb/bu bu/ac lb/bu Virginia Crop Impr. Assoc. VA11W-106 G Beck's Hybrids EX 5315 S Merschman Agnes G BioTown Seeds Diener 496 F Dyna-Gro 9522 G Dyna-Gro 9223 G AgriMAXX 413 C Trial Mean LSD, 10% CV, % ST- Seed Treatment: C= Cruiser+Fungicide, F= Fungicide, G= Gaucho+Fungicide and S= Escalate+Fungicide. The Brownstown location was removed from the regional average due to significant areas of water standing. Data from Emerson Nafziger and Darin Joos, Illinois Variety Testing

15 FHB Resistance Rating* DON rating** Company Entry Name Ave Ave. Hoffman Seed House L-Brand Merschman Julie Merschman Bintee Hoffman Seed House L-Brand Merschman Peyton Pro Harvest X Baird Seed Farms L-Brand Merschman Genie Pro Harvest X Hoffman Seed House LCS L Virginia Crop Impr. Assoc. VA11W Virginia Crop Impr. Assoc. Merl Pro Harvest PH Pro Harvest XP Syngenta W Limagrain Cereal Seeds L Susceptable Check Pioneer 25R Mod. Resistant Check Ernie Resistant Check IL

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17 Select several early varieties with somewhat different maturities. Plant treated seed (if not organic). Plant winter wheat at the Hessian fly-free date. Drill in 7 rows if possible. Plant wheat deep deeper crown establishment increases the chances of winter survival. Plant million seeds / acre = ~ seeds per square foot) (~21 seeds /ft in 7 rows). Apply lbs N / A and some P preplant ( ) For late planting or planting in a lot of residue increase the seeding rate by %. Preferable to plant following soybeans rather than corn. Planting into stubble may increase winter survival.

18 Sept. 29 Oct. 2 Oct. 2-6 Oct Oct Oct

19 Apply lbs N / A In our environment split N application has generally not increased yield. Typically farmers apply N at, or before, spring green up. Convenient to apply when the ground is frozen A better practice is to apply N later when the crop is using more N, but this is harder to do.

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21 Decreased yield Reduced test weight Fungus produces toxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) DON is detrimental to humans and livestock FDA guideline 1 ppm DON in products 5-10 ppm DON in feed wheat depending upon species

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24 Plant resistant or moderately resistant varieties. Reduce the risk by planting several varieties that have somewhat different maturities. Use scab forecasting tool to assess the risk of scab. Apply either Prosaro or Caramba at the beginning of flowering. Do NOT apply strobilurins (ex. Headline ) for control of scab. Increase air on combine if scab occurs to blow out shriveled kernels.

25 Available at: Sign up for Scab Alerts: See postcard or go to

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28 Use only Prosaro or Caramba. Ground application preferable to aerial. Nozzles angled 45 degrees forward provide better coverage. Application should be at the beginning of flowering. Picture source:

29 Using a scab resistant variety AND a fungicide is better than either practice individually. For organic producers strong host resistance to scab is crucial.

30 ppm No Fungicide Caramba Prosaro Resistant Susceptible

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33 Varieties vary in resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust. Application of Prosaro or Caramba at flowering will also control leaf rust and stripe rust. Other fungicides may be applied at boot stage.

34 Harvest wheat at % moisture and dry Reasons: Waiting for wheat to dry down in the field results in lower test weight and reduced quality and increases the chance of rain before harvest. Get soybeans planted sooner. Be careful that you do not use too much heat.

35 $/bu Yield TW TW discount /bu DON DON discount/bu Discount or premium /bu Gross Return Variety Y $372 Differ Variety TW $372 $0 Variety Y $372 Variety TW $419 $47 Variety Y $372 Variety TW $380 $8 Variety Y $372 Variety TW $428 $56

36 $/bu Yield TW TW discount /bu DON DON discount/bu Discount or premium /bu Gross Return Variety Y $223 Differ Variety TW $233 $9 Variety Y $223 Variety TW $256 $33 Variety Y $223 Variety TW $238 $14 Variety Y $223 Variety TW $265 $42

37 2015 Scab Evaluation of Variety Test Entries at Urbana. Scab Resistance Company Name Rating (0-9) Hoffman Seed House L-Brand Merschman Bintee Merschman Peyton 3.1 Baird Seed Farms L GROWMARK FS Pro Harvest PH Miller Bros Farm and Fert. L Hoffman Seed House L-Brand Kitchen Seed Company KSC 413W 4.0 Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro Susceptible Check Pioneer 25R Resistant check IL

38 Online at: Chapter 4: Small Grains and Grain Sorghum Emerson Nafziger

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40 Please complete the wheat variety survey. Thank you!