Principle of Lab. Safety

Transcription

1 Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Principle of Lab. Safety Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama 1

2 1. Wear appropriate clothing and shoes to the laboratory. Shoes must completely cover the feet to provide protection from broken glass and spills. 2

3 2. Place all books, backpacks, purses, etc., in an area designated by your laboratory instructor. Carry to your work area only the items you will use in the lab. 3. Wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap before beginning the lab session. 4. Wipe your work area with disinfectant, and allow to air-dry before beginning the lab session. 3

4 5. Do not perform activities in the lab until you are given instructions by your laboratory instructor. 4

5 6. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply makeup while working in the laboratory.

6 7. Broken glassware should be immediately brought to the attention of your laboratory instructor. Broken glass should be placed in a special sharps container for disposal and not in the trash container.

7 8. If using a Bunsen burner, tie back long hair. Do not lean over the countertop. When in use, always be aware of the flame. Keep flammable items away from the flame. Turn off the burner when not in use. 7

8 9. Before leaving the lab, make sure all items have been returned to their appropriate location. 10. After your work area is clear, wipe down your countertop with disinfectant before leaving.

9 11. Wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap before leaving the lab. 12. Do not remove any item from the lab unless you have been directed to do so by the laboratory instructor.

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11 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Sterilization Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama 11

12 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Sterilization and disinfection Various terms such as sterilization, disinfection, germicides and aseptic techniques are used in microbiology: Sterilization is defined as the process where all the living microorganisms, including bacterial spores are killed. Disinfection is the process of elimination of most pathogenic microorganisms (excluding bacterial spores) on inanimate objects. Antisepsis is the use of chemicals (antiseptics) to make skin or mucus membranes free of pathogenic microorganisms. Aseptic techniques: refer to those practices that are used by microbiologists to exclude all organisms from contaminating media 12 or contacting living tissues.

13 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Bacteriostatic: is a condition where the multiplication of the bacteria is inhibited without killing them. Bactericidal is that chemical that can kill bacteria. Pasteurization: uses heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of food spoilage microorganisms in foods and beverages. Examples are pasteurized milk and juice. Low-temperature pasteurization: 63C, 30 minutes; 72 C, 15 seconds. Upersterilization: heating to 150 C for 2.5 seconds in a pressurized container using steam injection 13

14 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Methods of Sterilization 1- Physical Sterilization: - Sunlight: The bacteactivityicidal of sunlight is mainly due to the presence of ultra violet rays in it - Dry Heat Oven: Glassware should be sterilized in Dry Heat Oven at oC for 2-3 hours. - Autoclave (moist heat): Liquids, including culture media, water, used culture media should be sterilized in autoclave at 121oC, 15 psi for 15 minutes. - Flame: inoculating needles and loops should be flamed and cooled prior to inoculation. Glass rods should be alcohol flamed. - Filtration: to sterilize some hormones, enzymes and proteins; that are heat sensitive through a millipore filter paper. 14

15 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 2- Chemical Sterilization (Surface sterilization): - Alcohol 70%: Hands should be sterilized with alcohol prior to working, L-shape glass rods should be alcohol flamed and cooled before use. - Dettol: for routine disinfection. - Ethylene oxide: Many heat-sensitive items such as disposable plastic petri dishes and syringes, sutures, and catheters are now sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Ethylene oxide is both microbicidal and sporicidal and kills by covalently attaching to cell proteins. It is a particularly effective sterilizing agent because it rapidly penetrates packing materials, even plastic wraps.

16 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Common Instruments and Tools Used in Microbiology Laborotory: Petri Plates ( Petri Dishes); A shallow circular dish with a loosefitting cover, used to culture bacteria or other microorganisms. autoclave is an instrument used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 C for around minutes. Incubator: is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. Hot Air oven: Used for the sterilization of glassware. Water Bath: Used for incubation and to keep culture media hot and liquid.

17 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2 Hood : Used as working area. Gas and Bunsen Burner: Used for the sterilization of inoculating loops and needles and to keep the environment surrounding the working area sterilized. Inoculation Needle and Loop: used to inoculate test samples into cultur media. Swab: a wad of cotton or other absorbent material attached to the end of a wire or stick, used for collecting bacteriological speciment. 17

18 A.A. Hama Microbiology Lab.2