Genetics Review Our understanding of the shape of the DNA molecule was established with the help of experimental results from Rosalind Franklin.

Transcription

1 Genetics Review 1 Name: ate: 1. Genetic engineering in corn allows genes from bacteria to be added to the genetic material of corn. In traditional breeding, genes of only closely related types of corn can be exchanged. What is one risk of genetically engineering corn plants?. decreases the amount of pesticide needed to grown corn. 3. Our understanding of the shape of the N molecule was established with the help of experimental results from Rosalind Franklin. Franklin used X-ray crystallography to determine that the shape of the N molecule is. a cloverleaf. a braided rope. a pleated sheet. a twisted ladder. increases the length of time corn can be stored before it rots. increases the chance of adding a trait to corn that causes allergies. decreases the number of corn plants a farmer can grow in a season 4. Researchers have been working on cloning animals such as sheep. Which result is most likely to be a negative result of such cloning? 2. Which statement about N is correct?. child s N will be unrelated to the mother s or father s N.. child s N will show similarities to both the mother s and father s N.. female child s N will exactly match the mother s N.. development of extra organs. premature death. a low rate of genetic diseases. delayed aging. male child s N will exactly match the father s N. page 1

2 5. Use the information and data table below to answer the question. 7. Use this Punnett square to answer the question. The students at Hoover Elementary did a survey of the eye colors of all the fourth graders at their school. The results are shown in the data table below. Hoover Elementary School Fourth-Grade Eye olors lue rown Green Ms. Musso s class Ms. roussard s class What does the chart show about Hoover Elementary School?. rown is the most common eye color in each fourth-grade class.. Green is the least common eye color in both fourth-grade classes. In horses, the gene for white hair (W) is dominant to the gene for non-white hair (w). horse with genotype (WW) was crossed with a horse with genotype (ww), as shown in the Punnett square. What fraction of the offspring should be expected to have white hair?. none. one-half. three-quarters. all. rown is the most common eye color in the fourth grade.. lue eyes are more common in boys than in girls in the fourth grade. 6. In humans, is the allele for brown eyes and b is the allele for blue eyes. Two brothers both have brown eyes, but one of them has both the and b alleles while the other only has alleles. Which statement is true about the brothers?. They have the same genotype and phenotype.. They have different phenotypes and genotypes. 8. The ability to roll the tongue is a dominant trait, designated by R. The inability to roll the tongue is a recessive trait designated by r. Kathy s mother has a genotype of RR, and her father cannot roll his tongue. a) What is her father s genotype? b) What is the probability that Kathy will be able to roll her tongue?. They have the same phenotype but different genotypes.. They have the same genotype but different phenotypes. page 2 Genetics Review 1

3 9. The diagram below shows the chromosomes from a cell after they were photographed under a microscope. 11. rare genetic condition causes dwarfism and immunodeficiencies. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?. a parasitic infection. a mutation in N. a bacterial disease. an excess of TP Which of the following questions may best be answered by studying an organism s chromosomes?. What sex is the organism?. Is the organism endangered?. Where is the organism s ecosystem?. How does the organism obtain its food? 12. Which of the following best describes the result of a mutation in an organism s N?. The mutation may produce a zygote.. The mutation may cause phenotypic change.. The mutation causes damage when it occurs.. The mutation creates entirely new organisms. 10. Which of the following best describes the number of chromosomes in a normal human liver cell?. 23 pairs of chromosomes. 46 different types of chromosomes. 46 male chromosomes and 46 female chromosomes. 23 original chromosomes and 23 duplicate chromosomes 13. In phenylketonuria (PKU), an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another does not work properly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this genetic condition?. an error in the transcription of the gene for the enzyme. a mutation in the N sequence that codes for the enzyme. an excess of the amino acids necessary to produce the enzyme. a structural variation in the amino acid modified by the enzyme page 3 Genetics Review 1

4 14. Which of the following statements best describes a N molecule?. It is a double helix.. It contains the sugar ribose.. It is composed of amino acids.. It contains the nitrogenous base uracil. 16. partial Punnett square is shown below. a a Which of the following statements describes the parental genotypes that would result in this Punnett square?. oth parents are heterozygous.. oth parents are homozygous dominant.. One parent is homozygous recessive and the other parent is heterozygous.. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other parent is heterozygous. 15. Hawaiian happy face spiders from the island of Maui can have different markings, as shown below. single gene determines the markings on the spiders. Plain Spider Patterned Spider 17. Shelly and Jason are siblings, but Shelly looks like their father while Jason looks like their mother. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in Shelly s and Jason s features?. Shelly inherited a greater number of chromosomes from their father than Jason did. plain spider is crossed with a patterned spider. The patterned spider is homozygous. The pattern allele is dominant to the plain allele. What percentage of the offspring from this cross are expected to be patterned instead of plain?. 0%. 25%. 50%. 100%. Shelly inherited a smaller number of X chromosomes from their mother than Jason did.. Shelly and Jason had different mutations occur in the 46 chromosomes they inherited from their mother and father.. Shelly and Jason inherited different combinations of 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father. page 4 Genetics Review 1

5 18. In tomato plants, the tall vine allele (T) is dominant to the short vine allele (t). Two tomato plants are crossed. mong the offspring plants grown from seed, 45% have tall vines and 55% have short vines. What are the most likely genotypes of the parent plants?. TT and tt. Tt and TT. Tt and tt. tt and tt 20. Which of the following crosses does not follow Mendel s law of segregation?. Two tall pea plants (Tt Tt) are expected to produce some tall offspring plants.. Two tall pea plants (Tt Tt) are expected to produce some short offspring plants.. tall pea plant and a short pea plant (Tt tt) are expected to produce all tall offspring plants.. tall pea plant and a short pea plant (TT tt) are expected to produce all tall offspring plants. 21. Which of the following characteristics is a lion least likely to pass on to its offspring? 19. Garden pea plants can have yellow seeds or green seeds. In a pea plant that is heterozygous for seed color, the allele for yellow seeds masks the effects of the allele for green seeds.. colors of its fur. length of its tail. scars on its leg. size of its body Which of the following terms best describes the allele for yellow seeds?. codominant. dominant. recessive. sex-linked 22. Polycystic kidney disease (PK) can result in kidney failure. In most cases, PK is caused by a dominant allele. What is the chance that a child will have PK if the father is unaffected and the mother is heterozygous for PK?. 0%. 25%. 50%. 75% page 5 Genetics Review 1

6 23. Some unicellular protists, such as dinoflagellates, use mitosis to reproduce. 26. Look at the illustration below. Which of the following statements describes the offspring?. The offspring are twice as large as the parent.. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent.. The offspring develop from a parent s fertilized egg.. The offspring have half as many chromosomes as the parent. This illustration is a model of. RN. N. a lipid. a protein 24. Which of the following laws or principles states that the two alleles of a gene pair separate during gamete formation?. law of segregation. principle of linkage. principle of dominance. law of independent assortment 27. What technology was made possible by the discovery of the structure of N?. organ transplants. antibiotic production. gene splicing. artificial fertilization 25. Which of these would have the same degree of genetic similarity as organisms cloned from the same N?. fraternal twins. identical twins. father and son. mother and daughter 28. rossing-over most commonly results in. new species. new populations. new combinations of genes. new numbers of chromosomes page 6 Genetics Review 1

7 29. Which of these are the repeating units that form a N molecule?. fatty acids. nucleotides 32. In humans, the allele for straight thumbs (T) is dominant to the allele for bent thumbs (t). pedigree showing the inheritance of thumb type is shown below.. amino acids. chromosomes 30. scientist cloned a goat. Which of these is a true statement about the cloned goat?. It has new genes and traits.. It lacks the genes for reproduction. What are the genotypes of individuals 4 and 5?. TT and TT. Tt and tt. tt and tt. TT and tt. It has genes that are identical to the original goat.. It looks the same as the original goat but has different genes. 33. olorblindness in humans is a mutation carried on the X chromosome. man and woman with normal vision have a colorblind son. 31. The number of chromosomes can be studied by looking at a. karyotype.. pedigree chart. What are the chances their next child will be a colorblind daughter?. 100%. 75%. 50%. 0%. genotype.. punnet square. page 7 Genetics Review 1

8 34. The picture below shows two mature plants. 35. Two parents, one with blue eyes and one with brown eyes, have five (5) children. Some of the children have blue eyes and some have brown eyes, as shown in the diagram below. Why don t all the children have the same eye color?. Eye color is determined by one parent only.. Eye color is determined by the sex of the child.. Eye color is determined by a combination of both parents.. Eye color is completely random in humans. The two plants were cross-pollinated and each plant produced seeds. Which statement most likely describes a characteristic of the offspring that will grow from the seeds produced by each plant?. The offspring will grow taller than the parent plants.. The offspring will have healthier leaves than the parent plants.. The offspring will produce fewer flowers than the parent plants.. The offspring will have light-colored flowers like the parent plants. 36. The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a recessive allele (z) that results in a genetic disease. ffected Male ffected Female Unaffected Male Unaffected Female ased on the inheritance pattern, what are all the possible genotypes for individual 6?. Zz. ZZ and zz. ZZ and Zz. ZZ, Zz and zz page 8 Genetics Review 1

9 37. Use the table below to answer the question. lood Types Genotype(s) ii I I, I i I I, I i I I Phenotype O lood type is inherited through multiple alleles, including I, I, and i. child has type blood. If the father has type blood, what are all the possible phenotypes of the mother?. phenotypes O or. phenotypes or. phenotypes,,. phenotypes O,,, page 9 Genetics Review 1

10 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by MJ Wharton Terms of Use at Genetics Review 1 05/16/ The father s genotype would be rr. There is a 100 percent likelihood that Kathy will be able to roll her tongue