Contents 1 Mammalian Polysacharides and Its Nanomaterials

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1 Contents 1 Mammalian Polysacharides and Its Nanomaterials Introduction Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles Hydrophobically Modified Hyaluronic Acid Chemically Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Semi-IPN Photopolymerized Hyaluronic Acid IPNS Hydrophobically Modified Hyaluronic Acid Hydrophobically Modified Heparin Chondroitin Sulfate, Heparin and Hyaluronic Acid: ph/ion-responsive Networks Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid: Electrical Field-Responsive Network Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Heparin & Hyaluronic Acid: Anti-Adhesivesurfaces Hyaluronic Acid Heparin Hyaluronic Acid and Chondroitin Sulfate (Polysaccharides of Human Origin): Biodegradable Polymers as Biomaterials Hyaluronic Acid Chondroitin Sulfate Natural Origin Polymers as Carriers and Scaffolds for Biomolecules and Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering Applications Hyaluronan Chondroitin Sulphate Rationale for the Use of HA in Drug Delivery Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Nanocarriers for Drug/Gene Delivery Chondroitin Sulphate: Colon-Specific Drug Delivery vii

2 viii Contents 1.15 Hyaluronan and Its Medical and Esthetic Applications Aging and Hyaluronan Polysaccharides Based Composites Heparin-Based Composites Hyaluronan-Based Composites Microbial Polysaccharides as Advance Nanomaterials Introduction Microbial Polysaccharides: General Applications Microbial Polysaccharides Production Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Recovery Microbial Polysaccharides vs Plant Polysaccharides Microbial Polysaccharides: General Features Xanthan Dextrans Bacterial Alginate Scleroglucan Gellan Pullulan Curdlan Levan Polysaccharides Bacterial Polysaccharides Gellam, Guar and Xanthan Gums Chitosan Based Nanomaterials and Its Applications Introduction Chitin Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides Chitin Nanoparticles Chitosan Nanoparticles Chitooligosaccharide Nanoparticles Chitosan Applications Thermosensitive Gels Chitosan Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy: Chitosan-DNA Conjugated Chitosan in Gene Therapy: Bio-Conjugated Nano Applications Chitosan Based Amnioacid Polymer Conjugate Chitosan Based Quantum Dots Chitosan Based Ceramic Glass Nanopaticles Chitosan Based Metallic Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Cationic-Cationic Polymer: Macromolecule Grafted NPs Chitosan Based Functionalized Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Self Assembled/Amphiphillic NPs... 72

3 Contents ix Chitosan Based Coacervative Nanoparticles Chemically Modified Chitosan NPs Chitosan Based NPs for Poorly Soluble Drug Chitosan Based Quaternized Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Peg-Yalated Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Glycolated Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Nanoparticles Fluorescent Nanoparticles (C Dots or Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles) Crosslinked Chitosan Polymers Based NPs Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNPs) Synthetic Nanoparticle: Chitosan B-Cyclodextrin NPs Lecithin Polymer Conjugates Glycolyated Chitosan Based NPs Galactosylated Chitosan Based NPs Phytochemicals Based Chitosan Nanoparticles Glycoisyalated Chitosan Nanoparticles: sirna Chitosan Conjugate Chitosan Based Microencapsulated NPs Chitosan Based Monodisperse Nanoprticles Improved Stable Conjugates Chitosan Based Coreshell Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Surface Modified Nanoparticles Lipid Nanoparticles: Large Molecule Carrier Nanoparticle Chitosan Based Controlled Release Nanoparticles Chitosan Based Bioadhesive Nanoparticles Targeted Applications Chitosan Bio-Targeted Applications Miscellleneous Applications Food Industry Immobilization Chitosan as a Drug Advance Polymers and Its Applications Introduction Polymers and Their Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels by Freeze Thaw Technique Smart Polymers: Controlled Delivery of Drugs Auto-Associative Amphiphilic Polysac-Charides as Drug Delivery Systems Supramolecular Hydrogels: Potential Mode of Drug Delivery Click Reactions in Polysaccharide Modification Star Polymers: Advances in Biomedical Applications Ordered Polysaccharides: Stable Drug Carriers

4 x Contents 4.9 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Polysaccharide Hydrogels for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Polysaccharide-Based Antibiofilm Surfaces Polymers, and Their Complexes Used as Stabilizers for Emulsions Advanced Application of Natural Polysaccharides Introduction Biodegradable Polymers as Bio-Materials Biodegradable Polymers Hydrolytically Degradable Polymers as Biomaterials Natural Polysaccharides as Carriers and Scaffolds FOR Biomolecules and Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering Applications Natural and Synthetic Polysaccharides for Wounds and Burns Dressing Present Research on the Blends of Natural and Synthetic Polymersas New Biomaterials Applications of Synthetic Polymers in Clinical Medicine Current Progress on Gelatin NPS in Drug and Vaccine Delivery Drawbacks and Challenges Current advancement of Chitosan-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Natural Polysaccharides for Drug Delivery Relevance of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterials Hyaluronic Acid for Anticancer Drug and Nucleic Acid Delivery Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Nanocarriers for Drug/Gene Delivery Nanoengineering of Vaccines Using Natural Polysaccharides Moderen Polysaccahrides and Its Current Advancements Introduction Polysaccharide Colloidal Particles Delivery Systems Polysaccharides Scaffolds: for Bone Regeneration Polysaccharides-Based Nanodelivery Systems Polysaccharides and Its Recent Advances In Delivering Unexplored Potentials of Polysaccharide Composites Use of Microwave Irradiation in the Grafting Modification of the Polysaccharides Cationization of Polysaccharides for Promoting Greener Derivatives with Many Commercial Applications What Could Be Greener Than Composites Made from Polysaccharides?

5 Contents xi 6.10 The Use of Mucoadhesive Polymers in Buccal Drug Delivery New Generation of Mucoadhesive Polymers Thiolated Mucoadhesive Polymers Target-Specific, Lectin-Mediated Bioadhesive Polymers Mucoadhesive Polssacharides in the Design of Nano- Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Parenteral Administration Polysaccharide Based Gene Transfection Agents Polymeric Micro/Nanoparticles: Particle Design and Potential Vaccine Delivery Applications Toxicity of Nanodrug Delivery Systems Introduction Nanotoxicology In Vitro and In Vivo Tests to Assess Oral Nanocarriers Toxicity Toxicity of Nanocarriers for Oral Delivery

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