Simple and Cost-Effective Glucose Detection Based on Carbon

Transcription

1 Supporting Information Simple and Cost-Effective Glucose Detection Based on Carbon Nanodots Supported on Silver Nanoparticles Jin-Liang Ma, Bin-Cheng Yin*,, Xin Wu, and Bang-Ce Ye ξ Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, , China ξ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, , China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, , China Corresponding author: Bin-Cheng Yin, Tel/Fax no Table of content: 1. FTIR spectrum of C-dots (Figure S1) 2. TEM images of C-dots, C-dots/AgNPs, and mixture of C-dots/AgNPs and H 2 O 2 (Figure S2) 3. The effect of H 2 O 2 to fluorescence emission of C-dots (Figure S3) 4. Optimization of reaction conditions (Figure S4-S8) 5. Comparison of our method and other nanomaterial-based methods (Table S1) 6. Clinical sample detection (Table S2) 7. Reference S-1

2 1. FTIR spectrum of C-dots 100 Transmittance (%) Wavenumbers (cm -1 ) Figure S1. FTIR spectrum of C-dots by coating with its aqueous solution. 2. TEM images of C-dots, C-dots/AgNPs, and mixture of C-dots/AgNPs and H 2 O 2 Figure S2. TEM images of C-dots (A) and C-dots/AgNPs before (B) and after (C) adding H 2 O 2. S-2

3 3. The effect of H 2 O 2 to fluorescence emission of C-dots Figure S3. Fluorescence emission spectra of C-dots before and after adding H 2 O 2 with different concentrations. 4. Optimization of reaction conditions Figure S4. The effect of Ag + concentration in the synthesis of C-dots/AgNPs on the performance of the proposed method for detection of H 2 O 2. (A) Fluorescence emission responses of the proposed system based on C-dots/AgNPs synthesized by Ag + at different concentration before and after addition 100 µm H 2 O 2. (B) Bar graph of fluorescence ratio (F/F 0 ) responses to the different concentration of Ag +. F and F 0 are the fluorescence intensities at a peak value of 530 nm in the presence and absence of H 2 O 2, respectively. The error bars were calculated from the results of three independent experiments. S-3

4 Figure S5. The selection of buffer used in the proposed method for detection of H 2 O 2. (A) Fluorescence emission responses of the proposed system obtained in three buffers in the absence and presence of 100 µm H 2 O 2 : MOPS (20 mm MOPS, ph 7.0), PB (phosphate buffer) (3.8 mm NaH 2 PO 4, 6.2 mm Na 2 HPO 4, ph 7.0), Tris buffer (20 mm Tris, ph 7.4). (B) Bar graph of fluorescence ratio (F/F 0 ) responses to the different buffers. F and F 0 are the fluorescence intensities at a peak value of 530 nm in the presence and absence of H 2 O 2, respectively. The error bars were calculated from the results of three independent experiments. Figure S6. The selection of buffer used in the proposed method for glucose detection. (A) Fluorescence emission responses of the proposed system obtained in four buffers in the absence and presence of 80 µm glucose: 10 HEPES (200 mm HEPES, ph 7.0), 10 PB (phosphate buffer) (38 mm NaH 2 PO 4, 62 mm Na 2 HPO 4, ph 7.0), 10 MOPS (200 mm MOPS, ph 7.0), 10 Tris buffer (200 mm Tris, ph 7.4). (B) Bar graph of fluorescence ratio (F/F 0 ) responses to the different buffers. F and F 0 are the fluorescence intensities at a peak value of 530 nm in the presence and absence of glucose, respectively. The error bars were calculated from the results of three independent experiments. S-4

5 Figure S7. Time-dependent experiment for oxidation reaction of glucose by GOx. (A) Fluorescence emission responses to different reaction time (0, 20, 40, and 60 min) in the absence and the presence of 40 µm glucose. (B) Bar graph of fluorescence ratio (F/F 0 ) responses to the different time point. F and F 0 are the fluorescence intensities at a peak value of 530 nm in the presence and absence of glucose, respectively. The error bars were calculated from the results of three independent experiments. Figure S8. Determination of the optimum concentration of GOx. (A) Fluorescence emission responses to different concentrations of GOx (25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) in the absence and the presence of 80 µm glucose. (B) Bar graph of fluorescence ratio (F/F 0 ) in the presence of different amounts of GOx. F and F 0 are the fluorescence intensities at a peak value of 530 nm in the presence and absence of glucose, respectively. The error bars were calculated from the results of three independent experiments. S-5

6 5. Comparison of our method and other nanomaterial-based methods Table S1. Comparison of sensitivity of our method to other nanomaterial-based methods for glucose detection using fluorescence as signal output Nanomaterial Linear range (µm) LOD (µm) Signal output Reference AuNCs Turn-on 1 GQDs Turn-on 2 CuNPs Turn-off 3 C-Dots Turn-off 4 AgNP-DNA@GQDs Turn-on 5 Nanoceria Turn-on 6 Si-QDs Turn-off 7 Perylene-modified AgNPs Turn-on 8 C-dots/AgNPs Turn-on Our work S-6

7 6. Clinical sample detection Table S2. The determination of glucose in human serum from diabetics and healthy individuals Sample a Commercial kit (mm) Our method (mm) CV of our method (%) b D D D D D D D D H H H a Samples of D1 to D8 are human serum obtained from diabetics, and samples of H1 to H3 are human serum from healthy individuals. b CV (coefficient of variance) is obtained from the results of three independent experiments. S-7

8 7. Reference (1) Wang, L. L.; Qiao, J.; Liu, H. H.; Hao, J.; Qi, L.; Zhou, X. P.; Li, D.; Nie, Z. X.; Mao, L. Q. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, (2) Zhang, L.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Liang, R. P.; Li, Y. H.; Qiu, J. D. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, (3) Mao, Z.; Qing, Z.; Qing, T.; Xu, F.; Wen, L.; He, X.; He, D.; Shi, H.; Wang, K. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, (4) Shen, P.; Xia, Y. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, (5) Wang, L.; Zheng, J.; Li, Y.; Yang, S.; Liu, C.; Xiao, Y.; Li, J.; Cao, Z.; Yang, R. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, (6) Liu, B.; Sun, Z.; Huang, P. J. J.; Liu, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, (7) Yi, Y.; Deng, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, H.; Yao, S. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, (8) Li, J.; Li, Y.; Shahzad, S. A.; Chen, J.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yang, M.; Yu, C. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, S-8