Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS)

Transcription

1 Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) CERTS-CAISO Meeting Phasor Applications for Monitoring, Alarming & Control February 17 th, 2006 Joe Eto, Jim Dyer, Manu Parashar

2 OUTLINE CAISO Research & Development Objectives Future Research Plans Roadmap Project Status on Different Phasor Applications & Activities - WECC Phasor Network -Real-Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) - Frequency Data Collection and Analysis (FDCAS) - Real-Time Small-Signal Stability Analysis - Stability Nomogram Validation Support to California Utility Projects

3 CURRENT PHASOR APPLICATION OBJECTIVES Provide the CAISO operators with real-time information on grid stress. Accelerate adoption and foster greater use of new, more accurate, time-synchronized phasor measurements by the CAISO, California utilities and other WECC transmission owners. Provide support to California transmission owners.

4 MULTI-YEAR RESEARCH ROADMAP FOR CEC-CAISO PHASOR PROJECTS Revision: TASK A INPUT DATA REQUIREMENTS TASK B CAISO APPLICATIONS RTDMS Visualization Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Integration with BPA PDCStream (RTDMS ) BPA, SCE, WAPA, PG&E Data PDC PI Interface freq. data collection RTDMS Version 2 (Phase 1A - Client/Server, replay capability & configurability) RTDMS integration with CAISO PI server for long term replay RTDMS Version 4 (Dashboard display, clutter management, trending & reporting) Compliance with New IEEE C Standard Incorporate new user feedback Phase 4 (Future) Integration with other phasor measurement devices FUTURE RTDMS Monitoring Small Signal Stability Monitoring Frequency Data Feasibility & functional Collection for specification Integration of CAISO PDC Analysis with Arbiters TASK C NEW SYSTEM CAPABILITIES Wide-Area Real Time Control Applications Using Phasors TASK D SYSTEM INTEGRATION & SUPPORT Support to Utility Phasor Applications Research Collaboration & Roadmap RTDMS Version 3 (Phase 1B - alarm, event detection and archiving) Feasibility report & results Functional specification Stability Nomograms: Technical feasibility assessment Simulation studies vs. heuristic measurement based approaches Support California Utilities for: Local real time remedial action control using phasors (SCE) State estimation improvements using phasors (SDG&E) Critical path monitoring using phasors (PG&E) State measurement based: - Frequency response analysis - Sensitivity (voltage, angle, droop) (Feasibility report & results) Pattern/signature recognition for event identification & classification (Feasibility assessment study) Prototype development Enhancements to improve integration with WECC-NERC standards Simulate and design prototype Report with findings and recommendations Support California Utilities for: Local real time remedial action control using phasors (SCE) Collaboration with equivalent EIPP state estimator project Critical path monitoring using phasors (PG&E) Frequency response & sensitivity analysis (Prototype development) Pattern/signature recognition (Feasibility report & results) Production quality commercial functional specification FUTURE Prototype Development Production quality, commercial functional specification Support CEC phasor applications for real time control integration & dissemination: Local real time remedial action control State estimation improvements Critical path monitoring Ongoing collaboration and consultation with industry and academic experts (e.g. PSERC, Bonneville Power Administration) Provide technical assistance to CAISO/CEC including preparation of multi-year research roadmap Pattern/signature recognition prototype development Production quality, commercial functional specification Research feasibility of state measurements to replace models for grid assessment Prototype development for state measurement based grid assessment Expand to complement and/or replace WECC wide-area remedial action schemes FUTURE Visualization Monitoring State Measurement Control & Prediction Future Years California Real-Time Phasor System for: Visualization Monitoring Measurement Control & Protection Prediction

5 CAISO PHASOR APPLICATIONS PROJECT STATUS RTDMS

6 WECC - CAISO Phasor Network BPA (15/103 BC Hydro (6/42) WECC TOTALS 51 PMUs 344 Phasors CAISO TOTALS 34 PMUs 226 Phasors CAISO WECC - CAISO Energy Control Network PG&E (4/25) WAPA (4/30) LADWP (1/5) (PMU connected to BPA PDC) SCE (14/88) SRP/APS (7/51)

7 RTDMS VISUALIZATION AND MONITORING RTDMS Functionalities at CAISO: Includes BPA, SCE, WAPA phasor data (excluding PG&E data) Server-Client architecture (Multi-user capability) End user configurability Replay capability Real-time alarming and event detection Event archiving and playback Monitoring Capabilities: System frequency and local frequencies at key monitoring points across WECC Identify approximate point of acceleration or deceleration (loss of load or generation) Phase angle differences across interfaces to assess static stress & proximity to instability Wide area view of system voltage and angle profiles The MW and MVAR flows across key transmission paths RTDMS shared with California IOUs, and WECC RCs/TOs

8 RTDMS System Architecture Data Acquisition Data Reading Data Cleansing Data Processing Data Management Short-Term Buffer for RT Monitoring and Alarming Historical Data for Trending/Reporting Remote Monitoring Clients Data Retrieval RT Monitoring & Alarming Trending & Report Generation

9 RTDMS VISUALIZATION SAMPLE DISPLAY (VOLT. MAG. & ANGLE) Monitor : - voltage angles and magnitudes - color coded - quickly identify low or high voltage regions compare angles selected voltage angle and magnitude tracking at selected location historical tracking and comparison over specified time duration

10 RTDMS VISUALIZATION ALARMING (FREQUENCY TRANSIENT) Alarm log indicating Frequency Transient detected at the Colstrip PMU and the time of the event Identify Trip near Colstrip PMU Frequency response at Colstrip PMU

11 2006 RTDMS Development RTDMS Development Plans for Next Release (v4.0): Dashboard Summary Tiered Display Architecture PMU Performance Monitoring Reporting Data, Trends, Alarms

12 RTDMS Dashboard Summary WI Partitioned into 3 Regions Inter-Area Path Dynamics Shown in Geographic Display Gauges to quantify worst performing metric (i.e., current value, mean, standard deviation, etc) Monitor status of key WI metrics Monitor status of metrics at each RC Track worst performing point/path for selected metric

13 RTDMS PMU Performance Monitoring Real-time PMU status information provided within RTDMS displays Historical PMU performance shown as charts/tables: Daily Plots and Tables indicate data unavailability by: Dropouts, Transmission Errors, Synchronization Errors

14 RTDMS Trending and Reporting Select Signals, Signal Type and Date/Time - Create trend plots - Export data into excel or text files

15 FREQUENCY DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS SYSTEM (FDCAS) PROJECT OBJECTIVES Meet NERC and WECC frequency monitoring requirements. Response to data quality issues encountered during August 14, 2003 Blackout Investigation CERTS/EPG INVOLVEMENT Develop interface to: - read streaming frequency data collected from select PMUs residing in the CAISO PDC - cleanse data - store data into PI Historian

16 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Real-time identification of undesirable oscillatory modes from ambient data For these low-frequency modes, identify mode frequency, damping and mode shape Phasor Data under Ambient Conditions SMALL-SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS Modal Analysis Poorly damped Oscillations Mode Frequencies Mode Shape Damping IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Evaluate techniques for modal analysis & mode shape identification BPA Partnership Feasibility Assessment Study PARTICIPANTS BPA PSERC CAISO CERTS Well Damped Oscillations Poorly Damped Oscillations Functional Specification for prototype system Develop prototype system for mode identification & visualization Production Quality Commercial System Functional Specification

17 STABILITY NOMOGRAM VALIDATION/IMPROVEMENT Model Independent Approaches Characterize operating point in nomograms with PMU data - Dynamic visibility - Finer temporal resolution less uncertainty Correlate poor damping to high static stress in the system Model Dependent Approaches Wide-area nomograms as linear combinations of voltage angles determined at different locations within the Interconnection

18 SUPPORT TO CALIFORNIA UTILITY PROJECTS

19 OBJECTIVES SDG&E STATE ESTIMATION IMPROVEMENTS Install PMUs on the important 500 kv South West Power Link (500 kv South West Power Link ) tie line with Arizona and at some other critical stations in the SDG&E system Install the Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and the required software Share the phasor data with the CAISO and other utilities to enhance the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) and Wide area Control system (WACS) initiatives in WECC Improve classical state estimation by augmenting standard SCADA measurements with key phasor measurements Improved accuracy in downstream contigency analysis and security assessment applications Use Phasor data and the improved estimates to optimize congestion management on SWPL and particularly at Miguel (western terminus of SWPL)