Possible Instruments and Mechanisms after 2012

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1 Possible Instruments and Mechanisms after 2012 Chaiwat Muncharoen, D. Eng. Deputy Executive Director Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)

2 Structure of the COP & COP/MOP meetings Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP) Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP) COP/Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) COP/ Meeting of the Parties To the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) Subsidiary Bodies for Implementation/ Scientific & Technological Advice(SBs) Subsidiary Bodies for Implementation / Scientific & Technological Advice (SBTA) Ad hoc Working Group on Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Long-term Cooperative Action under the Action Convention under (AWG-LCA) the Convention (AWG-LCA) Ad hoc Working Group on Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for for Annex I Parties I under the Kyoto Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP)

3 Key issues under COP and CMP Negotiations Adaptation AWG - LCA Shared Vision Mitigation Technology AWG - KP Aggregate & Individual Numbers Scale of Emission Reduction Finance Capacity Building Mechanism / CDM For Developed Countries For Developing Countries (NAMA) LULUCF Potential Consequences REDD plus Cooperative Sectoral approach Various Approaches including Market Mechanism Economic & Social Consequences

4 Current Situation The country s position for post 2012 which is under negotiation. Continuation of KP - Single legally Binding agreement - Open for the continuation of KP - No Kyoto Protocol -New protocol - G77 + China - EU - Annex I parties - Japan - Russian Federation

5 Continuation of the KP -Annex I emission reduction target Source: AOSIS, In-session workshop of AWG-KP13

6 Pitfalls in the existing mechanism Loopholes is one of the interesting issues from last AWG- KP meeting in Bonn Loopholes - Carry-over of Kyoto units from 1 st CP to 2 nd CP - Use of surplus AAUs in 2 nd CP - LULUCF and market-based mechanism These loopholes can make a significant impact on Annex I emission reduction target.

7 Commitment Period- 5 or 8 years Which one is the best option?

8 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) The convergence of views is flexible mechanism should continue to be available for Annex I to achieve their emission reduction commitments. CDM should be improved.

9 Proposals to promote CDM Consideration of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) to be CDM project Consideration of Nuclear facilities to be CDM Development of Standardized baselines for specific project activity types Use of CERs from project activities in certain host parties Co-benefits Discount factors

10 Avoidance of possible gap between 1 st and 2 nd commitment periods Options available to ensure that there is no gap between the 1 st and 2 nd CP. No Amendment to the protocol under Article 20. Amendment to the Annex B under Article 21. Extending the first commitment period by amendment of the protocol under Article 20. Annex I There is the possibility to have the gap but CDM should continue. Non-Annex I Support the avoidance of the gap between the 1 st and 2 nd CP.

11 Continuation of 1 st and 2 nd commitment periods First commitment period of KP Second commitment period To avoid the gap between 1 st and 2 nd commitment periods, the Depositary must receive instruments of acceptance from ¾ of the parties to KP by 3 October instruments of acceptance of the amendments will be needed.

12 Entry into Force for 2nd Commitment Developed countries Developed countries Annex I 41 Countries 11 Countries Non-Annex I 150 Countries G77 and China 132 Countries Developing Countries Total 191 nations Total 143 nations

13 Possible Instruments after 2012 New Protocol Existing New Protocol Protocol with Existing Mechanisms Two Protocols - Kyoto Protocol - Copenhagen Accord - Copenhagen Accord - KP Flexible mechanisms - Kyoto Protocol - Copenhagen Accord

14 Possible Mechanisms after 2012 Reformed CDM; standardized baseline, PoA Sectoral Crediting (SC) Technology-based Approach (TBA) NAMA Crediting (NAMAC) Setoral Trading (ST) Domestic Trading (DT) Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Energy Efficiency Certificate (EEC) REDD

15 Contact Detail Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) 9 th floor, The Government Complex Building B 120 Moo 3 ChaengWattana Road, Laksi, Bangkok THAILAND Tel Fax info@tgo.or.th chaiwat.m@tgo.or.th URL:

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