B2B: ESCM, INDUSTRY 4.0 AND FACTORIES OF THE FUTURE

Transcription

1 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 1 B2B: ESCM, INDUSTRY 4.0 AND FACTORIES OF THE FUTURE Electronic Transactions Panopoulos D., Askounis D., Biliri E., Markaki O.

2 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 2 Business to Business Transactions

3 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 3 Towards ebusiness Processes 1/3 Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Wholesaler Distributor Intermediates E-intermediaries Retailer Consumer Consumer Consumer Consumer t

4 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 4 Towards ebusiness Processes 2/3 Traditional Traditional Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Customer Nowadays Digital Value Network Customers Suppliers Manufacturers Distributors

5 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 5 Towards ebusiness Processes 3/3 R & D Finance/ Accounting Customers Procurement Sales ICT Interfaces Suppliers Partners Software Hardware/ Infrastructure IT Consulting Manufacturers

6 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 6 Competitiveness in the Modern World Bargaining Power of Buyers Threat of Substitution Threat of Potential Entrants Competitive Rivalry Bargaining Power of Suppliers Porter s Five Forces

7 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 7 ebusiness and Competitiveness Low Prices and Differentiation/Options are keywords for B2B ICTs are in a position to: Lower Supply Chain Operations Minimize Order Handling Expenses Lower Distribution Costs Shorten Delivery and Response Times To build more attractive and quality based products = Strengthen enterprise s position in the market

8 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 8 B2B General Characteristics Today, most B2B Transactions are Client-Server based Web is the main platform used Cost in hardware (and software) is reasonable and low Systems are user-friendly But customisation is pricey and difficult! Offered some times by Application Service Providers (ASPs), guaranteeing operation with high security and availability B2B transactions rely (often) on Value Added Networks (VANs): Hardware, Software and Infrastructure for data exchange

9 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 9 Salesforce.com

10 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 10 Salesforce.com

11 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 11 Β2Β Benefits Operational Level Ease and Automation of Business Transactions Lowering Information Processing Costs Improving Information Accuracy Lowering Inventory related Costs Minimizing Human Errors Enable Electronic Payments between partners Getting rid of traditional Intermediaries but others emerge!! Consultants, IT Integrators, Providers of platforms for B2B

12 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 12 Β2Β Benefits Strategic Level Acceleration of Business Cycle Re-orientation possibilities (in Operations, ICTs, etc ) Improvement of offered services Strengthening the Brand Name Multiple competitive advantages

13 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 13 Lean Manufacturing

14 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 14 B2B Examples Electronic Document Exchange Invoices Contracts.. Electronic Supply Chain Operations Raw Material Planning Equipment Monitoring. Electronic Collaboration Resource Sharing Data/Information Sharing. Electronic Provision of Services/Goods

15 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 19 Today s B2B World is full of. Different Systems and Installations (SAP, IBM, CAS, Oracle,..) Different set of standards (XML, JSON, ebxml, ebisxml, Rosettanet, UN/CCTS, RDF,..) Different Architectures (Centralized, Federated, Cloud based, Broker based,..) Different Communication mechanisms/channels

16 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 20 Hot Topics Include Interoperability Legal Rules Business Rules Data Services Infrastructure People. Country Legislation Domain Legislation Unspoken Rules Common Rules & Ethics

17 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 21 Again the need of a MIDDLE man - The Middleware Middleware consists of computer software for connecting applications Connects software components or people and their applications. A set of services that allows multiple processes running on one or more machines to communicate and interact. Runs on top of web servers, application servers, and similar infrastructures that support application development and delivery. Middleware is especially integral to modern information technology based on XML, SOAP, Web services, and service-oriented architecture. Examples include EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) software, telecommunications software, transaction monitoring systems, and messaging-and-queueing software. But there are also many efforts for common standards!

18 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 22 Electronic Supply Chain Management (escm) escm, MRP, MRP II, ERP, CRM,

19 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 23 Definitions 1/2 A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials, and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. Source: Wikipedia Main Target Supply = Demand

20 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 24 Definitions 2/2 Consequently. The esupply Chain is a supply chain which is managed electronically

21 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 25 Types of Supply Chains (1/2) Internal Supply Chains Forward Supply Chains Forward Supply Chain

22 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 26 Types of Supply Chains (2/2) Reverse Supply Chains Circular Supply Chains

23 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 27 Why is managing SCs a difficult task? Multiple Internal Departments Numerous Business Operations Different Tiers (Supplier Levels) Large Numbers of Clients Multiple Suppliers Degree of Difficulty Different Types of Products

24 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 28 Typical Problems in SC Networks 1/2 Size is a problem! Geographical Spread Number of Horizontal Nodes Number of Tiers Manual or Semi-Automated Processes create bottlenecks Information Flow is problematic Material Flow is problematic Real-Time responses are not entirely possible Decisions are delayed

25 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 29 Typical Problems in SC Networks 2/2 Unavailability of Monitoring mechanisms Delays between Suppliers Delay in the delivery of the end product Uncertaintly of product s attributes (cost/delivery/quality/etc ) Machinery and Material Issues Delays in Production Suppliers Mis-cordination Product Failures Third Party Supply Management Services (especially for Digital Firms) Difficult Coordination Loss/Unavailability of Information Lack of native Interoperability

26 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 30 Typical Operations in a SC Product Information Retrieval Order Placement/Retrieval Invoicing Inventory Control Shipment Monitoring Logistics Management Financial Information

27 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 31 How can escm systems help? Suppliers can be identified and contacted at the blink of an eye Orders can be placed over the Internet, EDI, Intranet, Extranet If products are digital, orders can be instantly processed epayments can minimize ordering fullfilment duration and payment time Inventories can be minimised, both by build-to-order processes and by information delivered fast and accurately to suppliers Products can be co-designed and co-developed achieving higher quality Production can be continuously monitored and optimised

28 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 32 Common Operations and Infrastructures of escm Automated Supplies Fill-Up Suppliers Information Management Collaborative Design Collaborative Product Development Collaborative Production Schedulling Production Management Production Monitoring Marketplaces and B2B networks

29 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 33 SCM Software Systems 1/2 Supply chain management software (SCMS) refers to a range of software tools or modules used for: executing supply chain transactions managing supplier relationships controlling associated business processes. An SCM System typically includes 1. Customer requirement processing 2. Purchase order processing 3. Inventory management 4. Goods receipt and Warehouse management 5. Supplier Management/Sourcing

30 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 34 SCM Software Systems 2/2 SCM systems are also able to forecast! (or at least should be ) Balance between supply and demand through better planning and a-priori knowledge of future needs Improved business processes Analysis of consumption The more ICT we put into it, the more powerfull it becomes (and complex as well..)

31 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 35 Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Subcategory of escm

32 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 36 MRP Systems Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a production planning and inventory control system MRP systems are software-based (manual MRP is also possible) Main goals: Minimize inventory levels Ensure availability of end products Plan manufacturing/delivery/purchasing

33 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 37 MRPII Systems Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) is a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing system. Operational planning Financial planning Resource planning Simulation capabilities A total management concept for using human resources in a company more productively

34 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 38 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Subcategory of escm

35 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 39 ERP Systems 1/2 ERPs (Enterprise Resource Planning) aim to: facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. Integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization Finance/accounting Manufacturing Sales and service etc ERPs are systems based on integrated software application.

36 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 40 ERP Systems 2/2 Real Time Operation A common/shared DB to serve all modules A user friendly environment, same in all modules Data Migration is a very important task!!! Team Training is also important for the smooth operation and integration of the ERP in an enterprise ERPs are the descendants of MRP and MRPII systems They look and manage the whole picture of an organisation

37 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 41 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Subcategory of escm

38 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 42 CRM Systems 1/3 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) includes all aspects of interaction that a company has with its customer. Enables an enterprise to: Understand the customer Enterprise Resource Planning Retain customers through better customer experience Attract the interest of potential new customers Win new clients and contracts Increase profitability Decrease customer management costs

39 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 43 CRM Systems 2/3 Technologies used: Data Bases Web Technologies (Cookies, etc..) Interactive Voice Response Call Centers Data Mining Mobile Technologies Social Media Evolution: Extended Relationship Management (XRM) extends CRM disciplines to secondary allies such as government, press, and industry consortia. A shift from push CRM toward a customer transparency (CT) model, due to the increased proliferation of channels, devices, and social media (DeGregor, D. (2011))

40 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 44 CRM Systems 3/3 Why do companies matter about CRM??? Some Facts: Selling to a new buyer is 6x more expensive One unsatisfied client will inform 8-10 other people Increasing the loyal clients by 5% results in 85% revenue increase 70% of complaining clients will come back if served properly

41 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 45 ROI of such systems?? Gartner: In 2003 >$1 billion on software not being used KEN Insights: <40% of 1,275 participating companies had end-user adoption rates above 90% Many corporations only use CRM systems on a partial or fragmented basis UK Survey: In 2007, 4 out of 5 of senior executives reported that their biggest challenge is getting their staff to use the systems they had installed. 43% of respondents said they use less than half the functionality of their existing system.

42 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 46 Necessary Conditions for Success Collaborative technologies/environment for operations and supply chain management improvements Successful Operation depends heavily on: The common vision by all parters of escm as a strategic advantage The visibility of information across the network The speed, cost, and quality of service The tightening of integration of the Supply Chain The proper risk-preventing/mitigation mechanisms Sharing of Knowledge Sharing of Risks Fair Compensation Rules

43 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 47 Factories of the Future and Industry 4.0 Virtual Enterprises, Manufacturing 2.0, Industry 4.0

44 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 48 Virtual Enterprises (VE) «the ability to create temporary co-operations and to realize the value of a short unpredicted business opportunity that the partners cannot (or can, but only to lesser extent) capture on their own» Fundamental features: dynamics of network reconfiguration virtuality, external entities as environments for enabling or supporting the VE integration reconfiguration dynamics 4 main types of «opportunistic aggregation»: opportunity-driven capability-driven supplier-chain, and bidding consortia Camarinha-Matos LM, Afsarmanesh H, Galeano N, Molina A. Collaborative networked organizations Concepts and practice in manufacturing enterprises. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2009;57(1):46-60.

45 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 49 Collaborative Networks FInES Collaborative Networks Task Force (2012) Taxonomy of Collaborative Networks Forms

46 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 50 Manufacturing 2.0 Enterprise Agile Manufacturing Systems & Processes Seamless integration of disparate systems and robots Planners Real-Time enforcement of engineering changes, quality, regulatory, requirements in the front line Advanced algorithms on large Design Manager data sets & manage by exception CEO VP Manuf. CIO Plant Manager Seamless Factory Lifecycle Management Controlling and holistic planning of future factories Predictive and condition based maintenance Status/throughput/KPI information on-demand onmobile for decision makers VP Sales Sales Manager SALES & MARKETING Customers inthe-loop Quality and sustainable products for customers Design thinking and customisations Customer collaboration Collaborative ENGINEERING Supply Networks Great collaboration between OEMs and subcontracts through standardized interfaces Total visibility of production, inventory, and materials Quick response in supply chain planning New paradigms such as EXTERNAL DESIGNER products as a service and after-sales services MANUFACTURING Orders returned SUPPLIERS & SUBCONTRACTORS People at the forefront FIELD SALES Better knowledge delivery mechanisms Continuous skills improvement Assistance tools for aged workers Intuitive e-learning tools for CUSTOMER all CUSTOMER

47 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 51 Towards Digitisation Traditional Organizations Inflexible IT-Systems: application silos Business and administrative processes Hierarchy: Internal and external communication Limited information Digital Organizations Scalable IT-Systems: based on cloud, mobile, big data and collaboration End-to-End processes: based on collaboration and real-time KPIs Social interaction: with employees, customers and partner 360 information

48 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 52 The basis for a radical shift in Industry Internet of Things New Age Industry Cyber Physical Systems Big Data

49 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 53 Big Data Wikipedia: an all-encompassing term for any collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand data management tools or traditional data processing applications. Volatility (storage of data) Volume (big amount of data) Variety (many data formats) Veracity (quality of data) Velocity (high performance) Big data is like teenage sex: everyone talks about it, nobody really knows how to do it, everyone thinks everyone else is doing it, so everyone claims they are doing it... Dan Ariely, Duke University Value (valuable information)

50 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 54 Cyber Physical Systems Smart networked systems with embedded sensors, processors and actuators Sense, and interact with physical world

51 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 55 What s the Internet of Things Wikipedia: The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects, usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, such as household appliances. A network of Physical Objects that can interact with each other to share information and take Action. IoT can also be refered to as Machine to Machine (M2M) technology. Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things.

52 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 56 Industry 4.0 The four industrial revolutions Source: Wikipedia

53 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 57 Industry 4.0* - The fourth industrial revolution Current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. Big Data Analytics provides insights Internet/Cloud enables internal and crossorganizational services The Smart Factory CPS monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions. IoT enable communication and cooperation of CPS and with humans in real time * Originates from a German Governmental project: "Industrie 4.0"

54 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 58 Industry Design Principles Interoperability: Machines, devices, sensors, and people to interconnect interact. Information blending: Create a virtual copy of the physical world by enriching digital plant models with sensor data to be available to all need-to-know cases. Technical assistance: Support humans by aggregating and visualizing information for making informed decisions. Cyber physical systems to physically support humans by conducting a range of tasks. Decentralized decisions: Cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomous as possible.

55 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 59 Industry Challenges Knowhow protection IT Security Reluctance to Change Existing workforce positions Ever-changing skills-sets IT redundancy Standards Reliability and Stability.

56 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 60 The IMAGINE Project Innovative End-to-End Management of Dynamic Manufacturing Networks (FP7-FoF.PPP)

57 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 61 Context Network Management Limited point-to-point connections between Business IT & Factory Automation No global visibility Product Lifecycle No timely reaction to problems & changes IT Support No easy entry points for SMEs From static & inflexible to dynamic on demand manufacturing networks

58 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 62 Synoptic View of the DMN Lifecycle Phases

59 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 63 IMAGINE DMN Framework Relies on end-to-end integrated ICT solutions that effectively enable the management of networked manufacturing supply chains Is market-oriented with focus on value chain streamlining and support for innovative business models O1. 1 O Configure blueprint blueprint blueprint blueprint Planning Sourcing Manufacture Deliver Production Project O O1. 2 O1. 2 SC4 SC2 SC1 SC5 SC3 SC6 Design Monitor & Govern Collaboration platform & Information Bus CRM ERP SPC WMS APS LIMS

60 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 64 IMAGINE DMN Framework Lifecycle Network Configuration End-to-End Manufacturing Design Suite Monitoring & Governance Suite An innovative flexible service engineering methodology that supports and guides developers when developing largescale, complex manufacturing applications on integrated collaborative manufacturing management systems Profile Selector Partner Blueprint Repository Profile Composer Network Configuration Manufacturing Blueprint Repository Blueprint Customizer Simulation End-to-end Production Process Repository Production Integration Bus Monitor Compliance Assurance Quality Assurance Blueprint Simulation CRM ERP SPC WMS APS LIMS

61 The ISA-95 inspired by 4x4 manufacturing resource and information model extended with LL requirements & network, integration concerns. Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 65 Manufacturing Blueprint Model: 4x4 Manufacturing Model Four Resource Category Model Four Manufacturing Operations Information Model People/ Partners Personnel & partner resources managed for production Product Definition Information What is needed to make a product Equipment Equipment resources managed for production Product Capability/ Capacity Information What resources are available for use for production Materials Material resources managed for production Production Schedule Information What to make & resources to use & when Process Segments View of production flow processes Production Performance Information What actual production was achieved & what resources were used

62 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 66 Partner & Manufacturing Blueprints Partner Blueprint Product Blueprint Capture unique skills and capabilities in the DMN and makes them available to potential partners to help address opportunities in new network configurations. It includes: Company Background: contact information, size, annual reports, reference customer, financial growth and annual turn-over Products / Services: types of product and services, market, industry sector, geographical region, type of material (BOM)/information needed (e.g., CAD data). People: their skills, track record Processes: key processes, key process skills, New Potential: potential new products, case histories of other network collaborations, Qualifications: name of standards awarded, patents, references to customers. Up-to-date information about current mean delivery times Up-to-date information about current mean production times Up-to-date information about available stock. Uses MBOM information. It includes assemblies, parts, sub-components, equipment, elements of work procedures & resources needed to accomplish production requests: Resource Definition Information material, & equipment resource definitions used for production. Also segments of production. Product Definition Information resources & segments required to make a product. Environmental Information - CO2 footprints, greenhouse gas emissions, spills, and, waste (hazardous & non-hazardous). Production Schedule Information minimizes production time and costs, by proving a production facility with information regarding what to make, when, with which staff, and on which equipment. Production Capability Information current capabilities of production for equipment,& material. It also defines capabilities that are available for production.

63 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 67 End-to-end Process & Quality Assurance Blueprints End2end Process Blueprint Quality Assurance Blueprint It identifies four core processes that manage business rules, supply chain performance, data collection, inventory, capital assets, transportation, planning configuration, regulatory requirements & compliance, on the basis of a vendor neutral PLM product generation data: Plan: targets sourcing, manufacturing & delivery requirements. It establishes plans for the whole product development. Source: procures goods & services to meet planned or actual demand. It schedules deliveries, receives, verifies, and transfers products, & authorizes supplier payments. Identifies and selects supply sources. Make: transforms a product to a finished state to meet planned or actual demand. It schedules production activities, issue product, produce and test, package, stage product, and releases product to deliver. Deliver: provides all order management steps from processing customer enquiries and quotes to routing shipments and selecting carriers. Structures a collection of metrics for operations analytics (MESA). Forms the foundation for activity-based metrics for mfg operations, logistics, & costing: Production Schedule Information what products are to be made. It contains start or completion times, and it defines the resources (personnel, equipment, and material) to be used in production. Production Performance KPIs This contains production KPIs, defined in terms of equipment, and material used per production segment, per product or scheduled item. Environmental KPIs. Manufacturing Metrics include Manufacturing Lead Time Rate of Production Production Capacity Work in Progress Design Times Utilisation/Availability

64 Desicion Support Systems Laboratory, NTUA Electronic Transactions - B2B - escm, Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future 68 QUESTIONS etransactions@epu.ntua.gr Dr. Panopoulos D. - dpano@epu.ntua.gr