Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja automatiseerimine Loeng 1 Ülevaade kursusest Enn Õunapuu

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2 Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja automatiseerimine Loeng 1 Ülevaade kursusest Enn Õunapuu Enn.ounapuu@ttu.ee

3 Väljakutse Tees: Lähiajal tuleb otsustavalt muuta seda viisi, kuidas me loome infosüsteeme Moore seadus: Arvutustehnika võimsus kasvab kahekordseks iga 18 kuuga Wirthi seadus: Tarkvara aeglustub kiiremini kui raudvara kiireneb Eriti aeglustub tarkvara loomine ja silumine Niklaus Wirth: Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster Infosüsteemide loomine on liiga kallis, võtab kaua aega ja nad ei häälestu muutuvatele tingimustele 3

4 Kava IT kaasaegsed trendid Äriprotsesside modelleerimine BPM ja SOA Äriprotsesside mõõtmine ja simulatsioonid Küsimused 4

5 Kursuse sisu Nimetus: Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja automatiseerimine (Business process modeling and automation) Kood: IDU0111 Soovituslikud eeldusained: IDU3530 Sissejuhatus infosüsteemidesse Üldmaht: 32 tundi loenguid, 32 tundi praktikume Kestvus: 16 õppenädalat, igas nädalas 2 t loenguid, 2 t praktikume Ainepunkte: 5 Hindamisviis: E Õpetamisaeg: sügissemester (S) 5

6 Õppetöö sisu Vaadeldakse äriprotsesside modelleerimise ja automatiseerimise kaaasaegseid võimalusi. Pärast kursuse läbimist üliõpilased oskavad: Äriprotsesse modelleerida ja dokumenteerida Äriprotsesside efektiivsust mõõta Äriprotsesse arendada Äriprotsesse automatiseerida Elektroonseid dokumente juurutada Kasutada olemasolevaid teenuseid efektiivselt oma äriprotsessides Hinne moodustub protsessi analüüsi projekti kaitsmise ja teooria testi tulemusest. Täpsem hinde kujunemise valem antakse esimeses loengus. 6

7 Seos praktikaga Praktikume viivad läbi meie IT- tööstuse juhtfirmade spetsid. Osa loenguid peavad ka praktikud. 7

8 Moore seadus 8

9 DNA uurimine, mälu, kommunikatsioon, internet ja nanotehnoloogia 9

10 Internet 10

11 RFID ja asjade internet Kõrgsageduslik identifitseerimine on automaatne objektide äratundmise kaugmeetod, mis kasutab spetsiaalseid automaatsaatjaid-vastuvõtjaid (kapsleid) informatsiooni edastamiseks. Nimetatud kapslid on üliväikesed, ei vaja vooluallikat ja neid on võimalik süstida näiteks naha alla. Tuleviku RFID süsteemid võimaldavad luua uusi tarku rakendusi. Objektide äratundmine ja jälgimine muutub oluliselt lihtsamaks. Varastamine (USA-s 500 miljardit kahju) palju raskemaks. Privaatsus on murelapseks. Kuid olen kindel, et leitakse võimalused turvalisteks ja tarbijasõbralikeks lahendusteks. 11

12 Sensorvõrgud 12

13 Andmekeskused 13

14 The State in the Cloud Application State Separated from the Machine Per-User Per-App State Safety and Sand- Boxing Controlled and Safe Sharing across Apps Controlled and Safe Sharing across Users 14

15 Kõikehõlmav intellekt Praeguseks oleme jõudnud kõikjal oleva intellekti ajajärku (Ambient Intelligence AmI) Nimetatud suund on Euroopa Liidus võetud info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia (IKT) arengu aluseks 15

16 Kommunikatsiooni- ja grupitöö lahendused Web 2.0 Web 2.0 arvutitööstuse ärirevolutsioon, mille kutsus esile Interneti kui lahenduste loomise platvormi kasutuselevõtt. Kui siiani lävisid Internetis inimesed, siis nüüd saavad ka arvutid Interneti abil omavahel lävida. 16

17 Web 2.0 kui teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur IBM-i sotsiaalse võrgustiku analüütik Dario de Judicibus, esitas aga järgmise määrangu: Web 2.0 on teadmustele orienteeritud keskkond, kus inimestevaheline kommunikatsioon genereerib Interneti sisu, et seda publitseerida, hallata ja kasutada läbi teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuuri 17

18 Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur on omavahel seotud teenuste kogum. Need teenused vahetavad omavahel teateid. Teated omakorda jagunevad päringteadeteks (request) ja vastusteadeteks (response). Teenuste koordineerimiseks on kasutusel spetsiaalsed vahendid (näiteks Biztalk server) Teenus on täpselt määratletud funktsioon, mis on kirjeldatud spetsiaalse lepinguga (WSDL web service description language) Praegu OSGI 18

19 Ettevõtte teenuste siin 19

20 Tarkvara kui teenuse näiteid Kasutajad saavad luua oma veebilehe ja teha koostööd kasutades Google rakendusi (Google Docs, Google Calendar, YouTube ja Picasa). Veebilehe loomine on väga lihtne ja sarnane tekstiredaktori käsitlemisega Saab määrata erinevate kasutajate õigusi ja seda, mis on neile nähtav 20

21 Äriprotsessi määrang The word process is defined in the dictionary as a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result Martyn Ould: A process is a coherent set of activities carried out by a collaborating group to achieve a goal 21

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23 BPM definition Business process management (BPM) is a management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the wants and needs of clients. It is a holistic management approach that promotes business effectiveness and efficiency while striving for innovation, flexibility, and integration with technology. Business process management attempts to improve processes continuously. It could therefore be described as a "process optimization process" 23

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25 BPMS definition Some define the BPM System or Suite (BPMS) as "the whole of BPM." Others will relate the important concept of information moving between enterprise software packages and immediately think of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Still others limit the definition to "modeling... to create the perfect process" 25

26 Components of BPM Suite There are four critical components of a BPM Suite: Process Engine a robust platform for modeling and executing process-based applications, including business rules Business Analytics enable managers to identify business issues, trends, and opportunities with reports and dashboards and react accordingly Content Management provides a system for storing and securing electronic documents, images, and other files Collaboration Tools remove intra- and interdepartmental communication barriers through discussion forums, dynamic workspaces, and message boards 26

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28 Vendors Our Business Process Management (BPM) Decision Matrix report explores the competitive dynamics within the BPM market and helps businesses select a vendor based on its technology strength, reputation among customers, and impact in the market. We provides a complete view of vendor capabilities and advises on those you should explore, consider and, most importantly, shortlist Vendors covered: Active Endpoints, Appian, AuraPortal, Cordys, Intalio, IBM, Lombardi, Metastorm, Oracle, Pegasystems, SAP, Savvion, Tibco, Ultimus 28

29 Rule engine Business rules engine is a software system that executes one or more business rules in a runtime production environment. The rules might come from legal regulation ("An employee can be fired for any reason or no reason but not for an illegal reason"), company policy ("All customers that spend more than $100 at one time will receive a 10% discount"), or other sources. 29

30 BPM and rule engine separation This separation is important because the same business judgment (mortgage meets underwriting criteria) or business event (router is overloaded) can be reacted to by many different work flows. Embedding the work done in response to ruledriven knowledge creation into the rule itself greatly reduces the ability of business rules to be reused across an organization because it makes them work-flow specific. 30

31 Miks modelleerida? 1) Describing a process: we model a process to be able to describe it. We could have different target audiences for these descriptions, for instance, humans, in which case understandability is important, or machines, in which case formality is important. 2) Analyzing a process: simply put, process analysis consists of assessing the properties of a process. Process reengineering and improvement relies on an analysis of existing processes to identify redundant or sub-optimal steps. If the process is described formally, we can verify mechanically structural properties such as coupling and cohesion or dynamic properties such as the absence of deadlock, liveness properties, etc. 3) Enacting a process: we may enact a process for simulation purposes or to provide some level of support for process execution. Depending on the language, this support can take different forms : reacting to events triggered by the execution of the process, to checking that specific constraints are satisfied, driving the execution of the process. Only formal languages1 make process enactment possible. 31

32 Modeleerimiskeeled 1) Traditional process modeling languages: these languages mostly come from the MIS tradition of information engineering and from work on business process engineering. IDEF, Petri Nets, Event Process Chains (EPC), Role Activity Diagrams [Ould, 1995], Resource-Event-Agent (REA) [], and the recently minted Business Process Modeling Language [BPMI,2003]. 2) Workflow modeling languages: roughly speaking, a workflow management system is a computer system that manages a business process by assigning activities of the process to the right resources, by moving work items (e.g., documents, orders, etc.) from one processing step to the next, and by tracking the progress of the process [WfMC,2002]. These languages are, for the most part, formal and executable. We will talk about the Workflow Process Description Language (WPDL) [WfMC,1999] and proposed interchange formats such as PIF [Lee et al., 1996] and PSL [NIST,2002]. 3) Process integration languages: the advent of interenterprise electronic business (B2B) has spurred interest in process modeling languages for the purposes of integrating the processes of two or more business partners. Biztalk 32

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37 Gartneri ennustused I By 2014, business process networks (BPNs) will underpin 35 per cent of new multienterprise integration projects. While traditional horizontal-integration solutions provide all the technology necessary to implement B2B integration projects, they historically haven't included the same degree of prebundling of all the essential artifacts necessary to fully integrate a multienterprise process. 37

38 Gartneri ennustused II By 2014, 40 per cent of business managers and knowledge workers in Global 2000 enterprises will use comprehensive business process models to support their daily work, up from 6 per cent in Comprehensive graphical (rather than textual) and explicit process models that capture and represent organisational knowledge will create a shared language for business and IT roles. Explicit process models enable superior process performance by providing a more complete operational context to better interpret information and apply analytics, and to enable agile execution to adapt to new business patterns. 38

39 Gartneri ennustused III Through 2014, the act of composition will be a stronger opportunity to deliver value from software than the act of development. Modelling and assembling software components into a composition is proving to be more efficient and effective than writing code. Inevitably, common capabilities will be associated with an integrated composition environment (ICE) to be sold to various roles engaged in the act of composition. The ICE will bring together design and runtime elements to support the entire life cycle. 39

40 Technology tools that were part of evolution of BPM 40

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42 Mudelitel põhinev tarkvara arendus Protsessitundlik infosüsteem Äriprotsessid on selles lähenemisviisis põhilised 42

43 Äriprotsesside modeleerimise perspektiivid 43

44 Perspektiivide metamudel 44

45 Äriprotsessi konteksti perspektiiv 45

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47 BPMN 47

48 Core elements 48

49 Näited 49

50 Examples 50

51 Voting Process 51

52 Discussion Cycle Sub-Process Details 52

53 Collect Votes Sub-Process Details 53

54 The last segment of Voting Process 54

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56 Vahendid Bizagi xcase Disco 56

57 Küsimused 57