Including International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

Transcription

1 COMPILED BY AL KHADASH Financial Accounting Including International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Accounting: Information for Decision Making Chapter 1 1-2

3 The Accounting Process Economic Activities Accounting links decision makers with economic activities and with the results of their decisions. Accounting Information Actions (decisions) Decision Makers Reported Results of Actions (decisions) 1-3

4 Types of Accounting Information Financial Tax Management 1-4

5 Accounting Systems An accounting system consists of the personnel, procedures, technology, and records used by an organization to develop accounting information and to communicate this information to decision makers. 1-5

6 Information System Information Users Investors Creditors Managers Owners Customers Employees Regulators Financial Information Provided Profitability Financial position Cash flows Decisions Supported Performance evaluations Equity investments Tax strategies Labor relations Resource allocations Lending decisions Borrowing 1-6

7 Determining Information Needs Although much accounting information clearly is essential to business operations, management still has many choices as to the types and amount of accounting information to be developed. 1-7

8 Basic Functions of an Accounting System Interpret and record business transactions. Classify similar transactions into useful reports. Summarize and communicate information to decision makers. 1-8

9 Components of Internal Control Control Environment Risk Assessment Control Activities Information and Communication Monitoring 1-9

10 External Users of Accounting Information Owners Creditors Potential investors Labor unions Governmental agencies Suppliers Customers Trade associations General public 1-10

11 Objectives of External Financial Reporting Provide specific information about assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses, including gains and losses, contributions by and distributions to owners in their capacity as owners, and cash flows.. Provide information useful in predicting amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows. Provide general information useful in making economic decisions. 1-11

12 Objectives of External Financial Reporting The primary financial statements. Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows 1-12

13 Characteristics of Externally Reported Information A Means to an End Usefulness Enhanced via Explanation Broader than Financial Statements Based on General- Purpose Assumption Historical in Nature Results from Inexact and Approximate Measures 1-13

14 Users of Internal Accounting Information Board of directors Chief executive officer (CEO) Chief financial officer (CFO) Vice presidents Business unit managers Plant managers Store managers Line supervisors 1-14

15 Owners Board of Directors Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Typical Simple Organization Chart V.P. Ethics Business Unit Managers V.P. Human Resources V.P. Information Services Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Plant Managers Plant Managers Controller Treasurer Plant Accountants Plant Accountants 1-15

16 Objectives of Management Accounting Information To help achieve goals and missions To help evaluate and reward decision makers 1-16

17 Characteristics of Management Accounting Information A Means to an End Timeliness Identify Decision Maker Measures of Efficiency and Effectiveness Oriented Toward Future 1-17

18 Institutional Features Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) International Accounting Standard Board Financial Accounting Standards Board International Federation of Accountants Securities and Exchange Commission Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Audits of Financial Statements Legislation 1-18

19 Professional Organizations American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Institute of Management Accountants Institute of Internal Auditors American Accounting Association Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 1-19

20 Competence, Judgment and Ethical Behavior Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Certified Management Accountant (CMA) Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) Ethical behavior is the cornerstone of the accounting profession. 1-20

21 Careers in Accounting Public Accounting Management Accounting Governmental Accounting Accounting Education 1-21

22 What About Bookkeeping? Bookkeeping is the clerical side of accounting the recording of routine transactions and day-today record keeping. Professional accountants are involved more with the interpretation and use of accounting information than with its actual preparation. 1-22

23 I m Not An Accounting Major Accounting is the language of business, and trying to run a business without understanding accounting information is analogous to trying to play sports without understanding the rules. 1-23

24 Ethics, Fraud & Corporate Governance Corporate governance entails corporate structures and processes for overseeing the company s affairs to ensure that the company is being managed with the best interests of shareholders in mind. Dennis Kozlowski, the former CEO of Tyco, was sentenced to 8 1 / 3 to 25 years in prison for his conviction for conspiracy, securities fraud, and falsifying records. 1-24

25 End of Chapter