Synchrophasors for Situational Awareness

Transcription

1 Synchrophasors for Situational Awareness NERC Monitoring & Situational Awareness Conference Ryan D. Quint, NERC September 29, 2015 NERC Synchronized Measurement Subcommittee (SMS) North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)

2 Highlights Technology Maturity: Rapid growth in synchrophasor infrastructure core business practice for many Data Quality Focus: Understand need to ensure highest degree of data integrity latency, accuracy, availability Application Development: Advancements in tools (commercial, in-house, open source) for extracting value from PMU data Data to Information: Huge volumes of data responsibility of both the users and/or the applications to manage the data Information to Decisions: Once extracted, data needs to be focused to decision making 2

3 Visibility of Operating Conditions From a fundamental standpoint, why do we do this? We have the technology available to measure system state, visualize the state, react to the state, predict the state. 560 Bus Voltage Phase Fault Near Generator at DVP 550 Voltage (kv) Voltage oscillation at OG&E PMU SCADA Time (sec) Consecutive Faults at BPA 3 A. Silverstein, Synchrophasor Technology and ERCOT, TRE Board Meeting, August BPA, Synchrophasor Installations and Applications at BPA, NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.

4 Operations Data Cycle for PMUs Post-Contingency State Stability Monitoring Measure Phasor Data Digital Statuses Analog Quantities Action Data Operating Procedures Operating Limits Remedial Actions Data Historian EMS Applications Decision Information 4 System Operator

5 Growth in Technology March 2009 March

6 Data Quality is Improving PJM, Phasor Data Accuracy Validation, NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March 2015

7 Wide-Area Situational Awareness Many different tools available and customizable Based on system characteristics and operator/ engineer needs Application Development Integrated tools Intelligent alarming Integration with core business processes Utility Focus Benchmarking tools with other applications (SCADA, RTCA, other entities, etc.) Baselining results (e.g. angles) Peak RC, Situational Awareness Display, Under Development & Test, September

8 Angle Monitoring & Alarming Recommendation #27 from 2011 Pacific Southwest Outage Report Pre-contingency angle monitoring using PMU data Post-contingency angle monitoring using EMS Real-time awareness of line and wide-area angle differences 8 CAISO, PMU Utilization at CAISO, NERC SMS Meeting, September Alstom Grid, Recent Advances in Operationalizing WAMS, NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.

9 Oscillation Detection Application BPA, Synchrophasor Installations and Applications at BPA, NERC SMS Meeting, September

10 Oscillation Detection Application Drill-down tools for engineering staff Detection of oscillation frequency Pinpointing source of oscillations Monitoring signals of high energy Improving visibility of grid dynamics 10 BPA, Synchrophasor Installations and Applications at BPA, NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.

11 Inter-Area Oscillation Damping Monitoring 555 Malin 500-kV Bus Voltage, Chief Joseph Brake test on July 21, Voltage (kv) Normal Low Time (sec) Marginal Unstable 11 Dan Trudnowski, Western Interconnection Inter-Area Modes, BPA Oscillation Analysis Meeting, August 2015.

12 Voltage Stability Assessment Security boundary calculations LSE-based or conventional contingency analysis Immediate visualization post-contingency Limit calculations voltage, stability, angle Remedial action determination 12 PowerTech Labs, Online Situational Awareness Model Validation and Real-Tim Operation Training, NERC SMS Meeting, September V&R Energy, Linear Sate Estimation and Measurement-Based Model for Advanced Applications, NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.

13 Transition in State Estimation Techniques State estimation (SE) estimate of system state (V mag, V ang ) Conventional state estimation based on minimizing sum of squares of differences in use since early 19 th century Used as common platform for most/all power system operations Hybrid SE integrates PMU data into conventional SE Bridge strategy, integrates with current business practices Linear state estimation (LSE) based on PMU data only relatively new but developed in the 70s 13 Direct non-iterative solution fast, no convergence issues Bad PMU data detection & conditioning Backup state estimator/ems model Model created using LSE can serve as foundation for advanced applications

14 Hybrid State Estimation Hybrid incorporating PMU data into conventional SE PMU measurements mapping to conventional SE adapters Common practice to use downsampled PMU data in SE solution Monitoring PMU angle difference measurement and SE angle solution as part of SE performance tools Benchmarking PMUs vs. SE solution 14 B. Blevins, ERCOT Synchrophasor Data Baselining Study, NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March J. Baranowski, Hybrid State Estimation at PJM, NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March 2015.

15 Operator Training Many utilities developing training materials around understanding and utilizing PMU data more effectively Play-back videos of events oscillations, angle differences, faults, frequency excursions Questions around what to do if 15 ERCOT, Synchrophasors: Advanced Network Applications Training, ERCOT Operations Training Seminar, 2015.

16 Linking Operations & Offline Analysis SEL, SynchroWAVe Central: Synchrophasor Data Visualization and Analysis, NERC SMS Meeting, September Real-time data linked to field event records Microprocessor relays Digital fault recorders Etc. Efficient visualization and drill-down for event recreation & analysis 16

17 Validating Conventional Tools Validating real-time tools such as online transient stability assessment (TSA) Reliability more accurate operating limits Efficiency potential for increased capacity 17 Peak RC, System Model Validation using WSM State Estimator Cases in GE PSLF 19, WEC M&VWG Webinar, June 2015.

18 Model Validation to Plant Monitoring 18 BPA, Power Plant Monitoring using Dynamic Data Recorders, August 2015.

19 Closing Remarks PMU data: Is becoming another robust measurement form Enables advanced applications not available using conventional SCADA data Provides increased visibility into current operating conditions Is becoming part of utility core business practice - standardized Our focus: Measurement Data Actionable Information Decisions Bringing high-value, simple applications to operators Utilizing the technology to its fullest potential while ensuring grid reliability Training operators to understand increased levels visibility Transitioning to use of PMUs in core business processes 19

20 20