Chapter 5. Executive Information Systems Information System in Organizations, Computer Information System Program of RMUTT-KKC

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 Executive Information Systems

2 Executive Information Systems (EIS) An executive information system (EIS), also known as an executive support system (ESS), is a technology designed in response to the specific needs of top-level managers and executives. EIS help managers with unstructured problems, focusing on the information needs of Senior management. EIS helps senior executives monitor organizational performance, track activities of competitors, spot

3 Executive Information Systems (EIS) very user friendly supported by graphics provides the capabilities of exception reporting (reporting only the results that deviate from a set standard) provides drill down (investigating information in increasing detail).

4 Executive Information Systems (EIS) Contemporary EIS can bring together data from all parts of the organization and allow managers to select, access them as needed using easy-to-use desktop analytical tools and online data displays. It also helps managers to determine the critical success factors which are critical to accomplishing an organization's objective. Today s systems try to avoid the problem of data

5 Executive Information Systems (EIS) EIS includes tools for modeling and analysis. With only a min. experience, most managers can use these tools to create graphic comparisons of data by time, region, product, price, and so on. EIS provides for ad hoc analysis capabilities, with which executives can make specific requests for data analysis. Instead of merely having access to existing reports, the executives can do creative analysis on their own.

6 Executive Information Systems (EIS) BENEFITS: FLEXIBILITY ABILITY TO ANALYZE, COMPARE, HIGHLIGHT TRENDS GRAPHICS HELP EXPLORE SITUATION MONITOR PERFORMANCE TIMELINESS, AVAILABILITY OF DATA ALLOWS PROMPT Promotes managerial learning!

7 Executive Information Systems (EIS)

8 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Several capabilities are considered to be the signs of intelligence: learning and understanding from experience, responding quickly and successfully to a new situation, dealing with complex situations, etc.

9 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned with studying the thought processes of humans and representing those processes via machines (computers, robots, and so on). It s ultimate goal is to build machines that will mimic human intelligence.

10 Major areas of AI Expert System Expert System. It is an attempt to mimic human experts. It is decisionmaking software that can reach a level of performance comparable to a human expert in some specialized and usually narrow problem area. Neural Networks Robotics Artificial neural networks (ANNs) simulate massive parallel processes that involve processing elements interconnected in a network. Natural Language Processing Cognitive/Learning Science Visual & Auditory Processing AI Fuzzy logic deals with uncertainties by simulating the process of human reasoning, allowing the computer to behave less precisely and logically than conventional computers do.

11 Major areas of AI 1. Cognitive science: It is based on research in biology, neurology, mathematic and many disciplines. It focuses on researching how the human brain works and how human think and learn.

12 2.Robotics: Robot machines are electromechanical devices that can be programmed and reprogrammed to automate manual tasks.

13 Major areas of AI 3.Natural Interfaces: Virtual reality is an example of natural interfaces. Virtual reality is a computer-simulated reality. Human users can experience computer-simulated objects, spaces, activities as if they actually exist. It is interactive, uses computer-generated, threedimensional graphics.

14 Major areas of AI

15 Expert System Expert systems are an attempt to mimic human experts. It is a decision-making software that can reach a level of performance comparable to a human expert in some specialized and usually narrow problem area. The idea is simple: expertise is transferred from an expert or other source of expertise to the computer.!

16 Expert System It captures the expertise of an expert or group of experts in a computer-based information system. The necessary expertise is stored electronically in a knowledge base. The computer is programmed so that it can make inferences. During the past few years, the technology of expert systems have been successfully applied in thousands of organizations worldwide to problems ranging from identifying credit card fraud to medical diagnosis to the analysis of dust in mines.

17 Expert System

18 Expert System

19 Expert System Example! Medical ES in doctors surgeries and hospital! ES within self-diagnosis web site! Ref:

20 Expert System Example Locating minerals and oil reserves The expert system s knowledge base contains geological information such as rock formations that could contain oil,mineral and gas etc.