INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY (CCT) AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN LIBRARY

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1 e-library Science Research Journal ISSN : Impact Factor : (UIF) Vol.3 Issue.3 Jan Available online at INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY (CCT) AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN LIBRARY Shyam Bihari Gupta Library & Information Assistant, Govt. of India, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Intellectual Property Office, Patent Office, Dwarka, New Delhi. Abstract:-Cloud computing is a relatively new concept which has caught the attention of many business owners. Unfortunately, literature on the subject is full of confusing and unfamiliar technical terms, such as multi-tenancy and virtualization, which make finding helpful information extremely difficult. Cloud computing is a revolutionary way to do business so it is important to understand key issues and concerns before you invest in it. The more up to date an application is, the more it is able to benefit from cloud computing. Keywords:Cloud Computing Technology, CCT, SaaS, PaaS, Iaas, Digital Library, Hybrid, NIST. INTRODUCTION Cloud Computing Introduction: Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "application" "storage" and "connectivity." Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. Cloud computing is a technology which uses internet and one remote server to maintain data and various applications. Cloud computing provides significant cost effective IT resources as cost on demand IT based on the actual usage of the customer. A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo , Gmail, or Hotmail etc. All you need is just an internet connection and you can start sending s. The server and management software is all on the cloud (internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo, Google etc. The consumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits. Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "application" "storage" and "connectivity." Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. There are many types of public cloud computing: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Platform as a service (PaaS) Software as a service (SaaS) Storage as a service (STaaS) Security as a service (SECaaS) Data as a service (DaaS) Test environment as a service (TEaaS) Desktop as a service (DaaS) API as a service (APIaaS) The business model, IT as a service (ITaaS), is used by in-house, enterprise IT organizations that offer any or all of the above services. Using software as a service, users also rent application software and databases. The cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run. Shyam Bihari Gupta, INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY (CCT) AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN LIBRARY, Online & Print 1

2 End users access cloud-based applications through a web browser or a light-weight desktop or mobile app while the business software and user's data are stored on servers at a remote location. Proponents claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand. Definition: Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). According to The NIST Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. History: The origin of the term cloud computing is obscure, but it appears to derive from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents. In the 1990s, telecommunications companies who previously offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits began offering virtual private network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider and that which was the responsibility of the users. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is a critical piece. In 2012, Dr. Biju John and Dr. Souheil Khaddaj describe the cloud as a virtualized, semantic source of information: "Cloud computing is a universal collection of data which extends over the internet in the form of resources (such as information hardware, various platforms, services etc.) and forms individual units within the virtualization environment. Held together by infrastructure providers, service providers and the consumer, then it is semantically accessed by various users." Characteristics: Cloud Computing exhibits the following characteristics: 1.On-demand self-service A user can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. 2.Broad network access Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or client platforms (e.g. mobile phones, tablets, laptops and workstations) 3.Resource pooling The Provider s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple users using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to user demand. 4.Rapid elasticity Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the user, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. 5.Measured service Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g. storage, processing, bandwidth and active user accounts). Advantages: 1.Efficient storage and computing services 2.Inexpensive, since all the virtual resources whether application, hardware or data are covered by the service provider. 3.Allow for easy connectivity to servers and information sharing. 4.Assures appropriate use of resources as the users are required to pay only for the services they require. 5.Highly reliable and redundant. 6.Widespread availability irrespective of geographical precincts. 2

3 Similar systems and concepts: Autonomic computing Computer systems capable of self-management. Client server model Client server computing refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients). Grid computing "A form of distributed and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks." Mainframe computer Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, police and secret intelligence services, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing. Utility computing The "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity." Peer-to-peer Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional client server model). Benefits: It is greener, more efficient, faster, and less expensive than its alternatives. It will free you from worries about up keeping and updating your IT infrastructure and allow you to concentrate on the far more important task of running your business. However, this new practice does come with several privacy and security issues, and the process of migrating data (moving data onto a cloud platform) can be confusing. Service Models: Software as a Service (SaaS): In this service, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. The cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the application is running. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud user's own computers simplifying maintenance and support. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is its elasticity. Platform as a Service (PaaS): In the PaaS model, cloud providers deliver a computing platform typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS offers, the underlying computer and storage resources scale automatically to match application demand such that cloud user does not have to allocate resources manually. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this cloud service model, cloud providers offer computers, as physical or more often as virtual machines, and other resources. The virtual machines are run as guests by a hypervisor, such as Xen or KVM. Management of pools of hypervisors by the cloud operational support system leads to the ability to scale to support a large number of virtual machines. Other resources in IaaS clouds include images in a virtual machine image library, raw (block) and file-based storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks (VLANs), and software bundles. Deployment Models: there are the following deployment models: 1.Private Cloud 2.Community Cloud 3.Public Cloud 4.Hybrid Cloud 3

4 1.Private Cloud: Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of engagement to virtualizes the business environment, and it will require the organization to reevaluate decisions about existing resources. When it is done right, it can have a positive impact on a business, but every one of the steps in the project raises security issues that must be addressed in order to avoid serious vulnerabilities. 2.Community Cloud: Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized. 3.Public Cloud: A Public cloud is established where several organizations have similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure so as to appliance. Public cloud applications, storage, and other resources are made available to the general public by a service provider. These services are free or offered on a pay-per-use model. Generally, public cloud service providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure and offer access only via Internet. 4.Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. By utilizing "hybrid cloud" architecture, companies and individuals are able to obtain degrees of fault tolerance combined with locally immediate usability without dependency on internet connectivity. Cloud Computing System: The application would allow workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote machines owned by another company would run everything from to word processing to complex data analysis programs. It's called cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry. In a Cloud Computing System, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network of computers that make up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the user's side decrease. The only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system's interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest. A cloud computing system is helpful to divide it into two sections: the front end and the back end. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the side the computer user, or client, sees. The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. The front end includes the client's computer (or computer network) and the application required to access 4

5 the cloud computing system. Not all cloud computing systems have the same user interface. Services like Web-based programs leverage existing Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Firefox. Other systems have unique applications that provide network access to clients. On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically any computer program you can imagine, from data processing to video games. Usually, each application will have its own dedicated server. Architecture of Cloud Computing in Digital Library: The architecture behind cloud computing is a massive network of Cloud Servers interconnected as if in a grid running in parallel. Sometimes using the technique of virtualization to maximize computing power per server. User Interaction interface: This is how users of the cloud interface with the cloud to request services. Services catalogue: This is the list of services that a user can request System management: This is the piece which manages the computer resources available. Provisioning tool: This tool carves out the systems from the cloud to deliver on the requested service. It may also deploy the required images Monitoring and metering: This optional piece tracks the usage of the cloud so the resources used can be attributed to a certain user. Servers: The servers are managed by the system management tool. They can be either virtual or real Application of Cloud Computing in Digital Library: Digital library is a development-oriented hardware and software integration platform through technical and the product integration. Each kind of carrier digitization carries on the effective deposit and the organization provides the network with effective service. Cloud computing offers real alternatives to Information Technology field for improved flexibility and lower cost. Digital Libraries are developing for software applications platforms and infrastructure as a service to Information Technology departments over cloud. It also provides for better and easier management of data security, since all the data is located on a central server, so administrators can control who has and doesn t have access to the files. The main objective of cloud computing is to use a specific software through calculation and the data stored in a desired computer distribution which causes the enterprise to reduce cost and improve performance. Digital library represents one kind of new infrastructure and the environment, through cloud computing technology since it uses resources more effectively and can solve the constraints in digital library. Benefits of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is very different from conventional forms of IT outsourcing. Conventional outsourcing involves either storing your server in someone else's data center or employing a service provider to manage your devices for you. Both methods mean that you know precisely where your data is, where your servers are stored, and what resources you have access to. There are many benefits to cloud computing. It is greener, more efficient, faster, and less expensive than its alternatives. It will free you from worries about up keeping and updating your IT infrastructure and allow you to concentrate on the far more important task of running your business. However, this new practice does come with several privacy and security issues, and the process of migrating data (moving data onto a cloud platform) can be confusing. CONCLUSION: Cloud Computing promises to have far-reaching effects on the systems and networks of federal agencies and other organizations. Emphasis on the cost and performance benefits of cloud computing should be balanced with the fundamental security and privacy concerns federal agencies and organizations have with these computing environments. Cloud computing was a buzz phrase that only computer scientists, engineers and a few tech journalists used. It's now well on its way to becoming a household term. We see cloud computing applications everywhere. Smartphone apps use cloud computing technology to let you store and access data that normally wouldn't fit on your handheld device. Research institutions use cloud computing to house massive libraries of information. It have been realized to a certain extent, cloud computing remains a work in progress. Cloud Computing is a new computing paradigm that is still emerging. 5

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