ART 14 ADDITION REDUCTION TRANSFORMATION NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET

Transcription

1 ART 14 ADDITION REDUCTION TRANSFORMATION NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET

2 CONTENT RETHINK PROGRAM RETHINK BUILING ENVELOPE RETHINK WORKSPACE APPLICABILITY TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR PLAN MALL AND GROUND FLOOR PROGRAM TEMPLATES Posthuset as it appears today 2

3 SUMMARY The team has three primary strategies to fulfill the proposals environmental goals. The key phrase for the proposal is multifaceted. Every solution has several purposes in the environmental strategy. 1. Rethinking work spaces. The proposal has focused on how to strengthen healthy and well balanced work spaces combined with area usage and energy efficiency. In passive houses heating is a minor part of the energy budget. Enhanced use of the area available reduces each person s environmental/ecological footprint. Applied to the BG14 context the results are plans that adopt a clean desk solution, with measures taken to ensure the feeling of belonging within the work place. These include docking stations with personal user settings for lightning and ventilation. The personal ventilation system is combined with the proposed displacement ventilation system that utilizes the created natural ventilation volume within the North façade and the inherent thermal mass of the building and its fabric. The system excludes stand-by energy use and reduces cooling and ventilation demand, whilst optimizing indoor climate and user control. 2. Rethinking building envelopes. The façade concept includes much more than just thermal shelter. The development of the façade envelopes focuses on energy production, high insulation qualities (including thermal insulation) and optimizes the combination of daylight exposure and shading. The solution combines Aerogel façade elements and new solar technology, creating a multi-function building envelope. 3. Rethinking program By opening up the building towards Oslo central station and integrating it into the surrounding environment, BG14 will contribute more to public life and reinforce its status as a traffic hub. This way the building will be an even more attractive place to work, attracting tenants, green businesses and their customers. NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 3

4 RETHINK PROGRAM ACCESS The existing program concentrates on office functions only. This proposal will transform the buildings programs towards a more public oriented place through a sustainable design. - Activate direct access from the metro in to the newly created public realm (shopping mall) - By breaching the connecting walls between BG14 and Oslo S on the 2. Floor. - Activate the street level by blurring the boundary between internal and external programs and animating the external façade by locating ramp circulation along the street façade. - Using ramps instead of stairs or escalator as primary circulation elements within the public realm. - Decreasing demand for artificial light and sun shading with open glass façade towards north and translucent Aerogel element toward south. - Area efficient design through; a) Joint use of food court by both the public and the buildings occupants. b) One common entrance at street level. The goal is to create a sustainable program easy accessed for everyone with interaction between Oslo s main hub, a shopping center, and private office space. Common entrance from Scweigaardsgate, Oslo S and directly from metro 4 RETHINK PROGRAM

5 ADDING VOLUME NEW PROGRAMME VERTICAL TRANSPORT Expansion to the north via designed optimized daylight (North light) qualities and exposure at all floor levels. Public access to top floors 4-24: office floors 3: common foodcourt U1-2: public space/shopping area U2: Fitness center, wardrobes, bicycle carousel and storage Reuse existing vertical traffic: office floor elevators: U2-26 Public elevators: U NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 5

6 RETHINK BUILDING ENVELOPE DAYLIGHT AND SUNLIGHT CONTROL MULTIPURPOUSE FACADE TODAYS SITUATION The planning of passive house standards demands high performance building envelopes. Limited window surface together with the importance of sun shading leads to a challenge concerning daylight and view. Façades should also benefit from southerly orientation and utilize if possible solar energy opportunities. This proposal addresses the façade solutions that include a multipurpose element. Daylight: -South, west, east façade; Aerogel elements between window and ceiling -Translucent sun shading -North façade; North light exposure, view through curtain wall. View: -South, west, east façade; window strip along working area, larger windows in meeting rooms. -North façade; view through curtain wall. Shading: -South, west, east façade; horizontal sun shading inside glassing panel system, between the outer and the middle glass elements. Solar energy: -On south façade, the horizontal shades are combined with solar technology which will need to be further developed from a current US product to fulfill Norwegian standards. -On the south façade, the outer glass of the Aerogel element will be replaced with a translucent solar glass from a UK producer. Passive house envelope: -Expansion will create a more compact building. -High insulated brystning. U-value 0,09 -Infiltration reduced to 0.06/h -Thermal bridges reduced to 0.03 W/(m2 K The implementation of the proposals innovative facades will result in a passive house façade element which provides the desired levels of daylight, view, shade, whilst also producing the buildings electrical energy. Same facades in all directions 6 RETHINK BUILDING ENVELOPE

7 SOUTHERLY ORIENTATION NORTHERN ORIENTATION Rethink: -avoid overheating -less windowtowards south -shading+insulation Northern orientation allows a more open facade and the desired level of daylight. NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 7

8 AEROGEL SUN SHADING SOLAR ENERGY Translucent Aerogel element Insulation and daylight source Sun shading Translucent sun shading On south façade, the horizontal shades are combined with translucent solar technology. 8 RETHINK BUILDING ENVELOPE

9 SOUTH FACADE There will be a high focus on insulating the thermal bridges, reaching the key numbers for U-values, infiltration, and take advantage of the existing thermal mass for both warming and cooling. The building envelope to the south, east and west façades will facilitate natural lighting conditions, sun shading, view and high insulating qualities. At the same it will be a power generating façade. - Façade U-values enhanced to 0,10. - Infiltration reduced to 0.06/h. - Thermal bridges reduced to 0.03 W/(m2 K). - Window area: 17% NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 9

10 RETHINK WORKSPACE DOUBLE CAPACITY - HALVING ENERGY USE The proposal changes the workspace layout, making it more sustainable and user oriented. -Expansion to the north via designed optimized daylight (North light) qualities and exposure at all floor levels. AIRFLOW IN FLOOR A hybrid ventilation system will extract the polluted air into a large atrium in a double façade on the northern side. -Increase the usability of the space along south facade with better sun shading and increased levels of indirect daylight. -Flexible ventilation system with airflow in floor. Vents in floor or personal vents at table height. All vents are moveable within floor plan. -The inclusion of a docking station for each workspace which activates personal ventilation and table lights at work stations. -Area efficiency; simultaneity factor of 10: workspaces for 12 employees. - Clean desk system. -Flexible floor plan. Adaptable to changes in tenant structure. -Reuse of elevator shafts, stairs and toilets. The goal is to double the capacity and halving the energy use. Floorplan divided in tiles with vents. Small vents is for the personal ventilation, activated by a dock station on desk. Bigger vents are for circulation area and meeting rooms. The tiles can be moved for flexibility. 10 RETHINK WORKSPACE

11 PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION PERSONAL VENTILATION The thermal mass of the concrete floor stands will regulate the air temperatures. NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 11

12 NORTH FACADE SECTION Though the North façade in essence will function as a double façade, the inner layer will consist of high performance energy glass, the outer layer will be a light screen of ETFE-foil. The enclosed volume/room in between will facilitate the natural airflow of the exhaust air from the office floors. There will be a high focus on insulating the thermal bridges, reaching the key numbers for infiltration. 12 RETHINK WORKSPACE

13 APPLICABILITY At the centre of this particular body of investigation is the notion of applicability. The applicability of the themes Rethinking Work Spaces and Rethinking Building Envelopes and the environmental and economic impact of these proposals and how they can impact the individual user and the wider built environment. The proposal focuses on how to strengthen healthy and well balanced work spaces combined with building area usage and energy efficiency and if possible the minimum level of invasive structural reprogramming. The proposal investigates the adaptability of energy efficiency solutions such as the technology found within the proposed building envelopes of the North and South Façade that have been developed and applied to the BG 14 project. These solutions are consist of the inherent design applicability to facilitate the application of these solutions to other structures regardless of geographic location or the urban fabric that they inhabit whilst addressing the afore mentioned issues and enhance the environmental impact on their current day situations and future usages. The façade concepts include much more than just thermal shelter. The development of the façade envelopes focuses on energy production, high insulation qualities (including thermal insulation) and optimizes the combination of daylight exposure and shading whilst decreasing the demand for artificial light internally thus reducing the building energy load requirements. The building envelope solutions create multi-functioning, Multi-Faceted building envelopes; the building envelope reinvented, combining energy production, shading, daylight flow and thermal insulation in one construction strategy. Rethinking Work Spaces. Future building programs need to address the conventional working environment solutions. A new way of working will create a new work flow, with personalized indoor climate and lightning, no stand by energy use, lower air flow and less need for cooling. The adoption of a clean desk solution, with measures taken to ensure the feeling of belonging within the work place over both user and environmental benefits as described and illustrated elsewhere in this document. Adaptable solutions such as docking stations with personal user settings for lightning and ventilation reinforce the users feeling of belonging within a more fluid working environment. The personal ventilation system is combined with the proposed displacement heating/ventilation system that utilizes the created natural ventilation volume which reduces cooling and ventilation demand, whilst optimizing indoor climate and user control. The adoption of solutions that transform the buildings programs towards a more public oriented place that are facilitated via sustainable design, for example introducing ramps instead of stairs or escalator as primary circulation elements that ensure complete user accessibility for ALL users. The further implementation of plans for how the tenants should run a green business should be introduced and systematically adopted in all such situations by all users. Furthermore thus all new tenants will be encouraged and assisted to run their current businesses according to these plans thus lessening the buildings and users overall impact over time. NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 13

14 TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR PLANS The aim according to workspace is to double the capacity of tenants. The building today contains office workspace for 81 empolyees pr floor. By adding a total of 7600 m2, the building will get the capasity of 163 employees pr floor. This is made possible by: -Increasing effective area, using the existing logistics and support. -Area efficiency: simultaneity factor of 10:12, 10 workspaces for 12 employees. -Clean desk system -A flexible floor plan adaptable to changes tech Elevator A A Wc Void Tech. Copy IT Ward. Elevator El. wc E D C B A Typical office floor plan 1: TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR PLANS

15 tech Elevator A A Wc Void Tech. Copy IT Ward. Elevator El. wc E D C B A Typical office floor plan 1:250 NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET _posthuset; 14.etasje; 1 : 250; :23

16 PLANS OF MALL AND PUBLIC SPACE One of the primary communication ramps at ground level along Schweigaards Gate on the North façade that functions as a vertical space actuator, spatial defining structure and as an animator of the buildings North façade activities internally and externally within the public realm U1 U2 1:400 ground floor plan 1 Public realm +0.0m bicycle carousel Scweigaardsgate entrance to front desk A A Public realm -2,8 m 700 m2 950 m2 void E D C B A 16 PLANS OF MALL AND GROUND FLOOR LEVELS

17 1: U1 U U1 U2 ground floor plan 2 ground floor plan 3 Entrance from Oslo City / Bus station +6 m Reception +2,1 m 780 m m2 entrance to reception from central station +5,3 m entrance from central station +5,3 m 820 m2 Public Realm +6,0 m Public Realm (Restaurant) +10,4 m A A A A Void Public Realm +7,6 m Void 950 m2 E D C B A E D C B A NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 17

18 1: U1 U U1 U2 ground floor plan U1 ground floor plan U2 Entrance from Underground Storage 350 m² Public realm - 4,5 m A A A A Bicycle carousel 320 m² Gym, wardrobes 470 m² Garage 300 m² Storage m² Avfall, teknisk, varemottak 2150 m2 740 m m U E D C B A E D C B A 18 PLANS OF MALL AND GROUND FLOOR LEVELS

19 Benefits of bike carousel: Small footprint providing large capacity. Communication from street level to the bicycle parking not necessary. Easy expansion capacity via installation of additional carousels in new areas. Accessibility via street level and basement. BISKOP GUNNERUS GATE NSB PLATTFORM 7 Flexible user threshold (public and building occupants). ) Increased security resulting in reduced damage and thefts. section A, 1:500 NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 19

20 TEMPLATES Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies 1. SUMMARY The team has three primary strategies to fulfill the proposals environmental goals. The key phrase for the proposal is multi-faceted. Every solution has several purposes in the environmental strategy. 1. Rethinking work spaces. The proposal has focused on how to strengthen healthy and well balanced work spaces combined with area usage and energy efficiency. In passive houses heating is a minor part of the energy budget. Enhanced use of the area available reduces each person s environmental/ecological footprint. Applied to the BG14 context the results are plans that adopt a clean desk solution, with measures taken to ensure the feeling of belonging within the work place. These include docking stations with personal user settings for lightning and ventilation. The personal ventilation system is combined with the proposed displacement ventilation system that utilizes the created natural ventilation volume within the North façade and the inherent thermal mass of the building and its fabric. The system excludes stand-by energy use and reduces cooling and ventilation demand, whilst optimizing indoor climate and user control. 2. Rethinking building envelopes. The façade concept includes much more than just thermal shelter. The development of the façade envelopes focuses on energy production, high insulation qualities (including thermal insulation) and optimizes the combination of daylight exposure and shading. The solution combines Aerogel façade elements and new solar technology, creating a multi-function building envelope. 3. Rethinking program By opening up the building towards Oslo central station and integrating it into the surrounding environment, BG14 will contribute more to public life and reinforce its status as a traffic hub. This way the building will be an even more attractive place to work, attracting tenants, green businesses and their customers. Posthuset Environmental strategies ART14 - addition/reduction/transformation Page: 2 of 12 20

21 Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies 2. CRADLE TO CRADLE STRATEGY 3. BUILDING ELEMENTS/MATERIALS CRADLE TO CRADLE VISION AND OVERALL STRATEGY Our cradle to cradle vision is derived from the C2C-vision William McDonough and Michael Braungart invented, and implies five steps. Step 1 is to avoid known culprits. In practice our BG14 proposal involves several measures. The first, the A20 checklist will be used to ensure no toxic elements are used, following the BREEAM Mat 1 requirement. The second, EDPs will be required, to confirm that no toxics are used. The third, high-carbon fossil fuels like oil and gas will be avoided as energy sources. The forth no grid-electricity will be used for heating. Finally, the proposal excludes the need for excessive amounts of parking space for private cars, avoiding unnecessary traffic, following the BREEAM Trarequirements. Step 2 is to follow informed personal preferences This BG14 proposal focuses on ecological intelligence; selecting materials, processes and suppliers with recognized environmental certificates. This implies that proven low-emission materials with small carbon footprints will be chosen. Only timber with FSC-certificates or similar will be used. Suppliers and subcontractors with ISO- and Miljøfyrtårn-certifications will be chosen. Step 3 is creating a passive positive list By rethinking the proposed buildings material content and by cataloguing preferred/superior materials/products/ingredients the potentially toxic or polluting elements can be replaced. Step 4 is to activate the positive list One example for the BG14 project is to switch ordinary concrete with low-carbon concrete. In later stages we hope to use zero-carbon concrete, made exclusively from recycled materials. Step 5 is to reinvent The three main conceptual innovations involve reinventing working space, program and building envelop for the BG14 project. Page: 3 of 12 Page: 4 of 12 NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 21

22 Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies C2C Element C2C Element C2C Element Element Rethinking program Rethinking building envelope Rethinking workspace Description Example of strategy The existing program concentrates on office functions only. This proposal will transform the buildings programs towards a more public oriented place through a sustainable design. - Activate direct access from the metro in to the newly created public realm (shopping mall) - By breaching the connecting walls between BG14 and Oslo S on the 2. Floor. Passive house standards demands high performance building envelopes. Limited window surface together with the importance of sun shading leads to a challenge concerning daylight and view. Façades should also benefit from southerly orientation and utilize if possible solar energy opportunities. This proposal addresses the façade solutions that include a multipurpose element. Daylight: - South, west, east façade; Aerogel elements between window and ceiling - Translucent sun shading - North façade; North light exposure, view through curtain wall. The proposal changes the workspace layout, making it more sustainable and user oriented. - Increase the usability of the space along the south facade with better sun shading and more daylight. - Opening up the north façade to gain more Goal Posthuset Nordic Built competition - Activate the street level by blurring the boundary between internal and external programs and animating the external façade by locating ramp circulation along the street façade. - Using ramps instead of stairs or escalator as primary circulation elements within the public realm. - Decreasing demand for artificial light and sun shading with open glass façade towards north and translucent Aerogel element toward south. - Area efficient design through; a) Joint use of food court by both the public and the buildings occupants. b) One common entrance at street level. Creating a sustainable program easy accessible for everyone with interaction between Oslo s main hub, a shopping center, and private office space. Give something back to the city by increasing the quality of the area around the sky bridges in Schweigaards gate and the northern entrance of - This solution will fulfill the HEa 1 criteria in BREEAM- NOR Assessor Manual- View: - South, west, east façade; window strip along working area, larger windows in meeting rooms. - North façade; view through curtain wall. Shading: - South, west, east façade; horizontal sun shading inside glassing panel system, between the outer and the middle glass elements. Solar energy: - On south façade, the horizontal shades are combined with solar technology which will need to be further developed. - On the south façade, the outer glass of the Aerogel element will be replaced with a translucent solar glass from a UK producer. Passive house envelope: - Expansion will create a better façade/area ratio. - High insulated dado U-value 0,10 - Infiltration reduced to 0.06/h - Thermal bridges reduced to 0.03 W/(m 2 K The implementation of the proposals innovative facades will result in a passive house façade element which provides the desired levels of daylight, view, shade, whilst also producing the buildings electrical energy. Environmental strategies valuable daylight. - Flexible ventilation system with airflow in floor. Vents in floor or personal vents at table height. All vents are moveable within floor plan. - The inclusion of a docking station for each workspace which activates personal ventilation and lightning at the work stations. - Area efficiency; 10 workspaces for 12 employees. - Clean desk system. - Flexible floor plan. Adaptable to changes in tenant structure. Double the capacity and halving the energy use. Page: 5 of 12 Page: 6 of 12 22

23 Posthuset Nordic Built competition Oslo S. Environmental strategies Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies Milestones A plan for how the tenants should run a green business will be made and systematized. New tenants will be encouraged to run their business according to this plan. - Establish an innovation program for new products. - Highly detailed drawings focusing on thermal bridges and important intersections/joints within the passive house envelope facing south, east, and west, and the glass façade towards north. - Kick start workshop with the principal contractor to ensure desired/specified levels of workmanship. - - Customize the plans and furnishing according to rental agreements. 4. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FAÇADE RENOVATION/WINDOWS/SOLAR SHADING The passive house standard demands a high performance building envelope. Limited window surface together with the importance of sun shading leads to a challenge concerning daylight and view. This proposal addresses the building envelope issue via the introduction of multipurpose façades elements. The envelope facing south, east and west will facilitate daylight, sun shading, view and high insulating qualities. At the same it will function as power generating element for the building. The façade towards north will provide important daylight source thus negating the need for increased artificial lighting load on the building. As the sun causes less of a challenge towards this direction, the decision was taken to open up the whole façade and create one large window facing the city. Though the North façade in essence will function as a double façade, the inner layer will consist of high performance energy glass, the outer layer will be a light screen of ETFE-foil. The enclosed volume/room in between will facilitate the natural airflow of the exhaust air from the office floors. In general there will be a high focus on insulating the thermal bridges, reaching the key numbers for U-values, infiltration, and take advantage of the existing thermal mass for both warming and cooling. Key numbers: Total façade U-values enhanced to 0,10. Infiltration reduced to 0.06/h. Thermal bridges reduced to 0.03 W/(m 2 K). Window area, not including the areas with Aerogel elements : 17% U-value windows 0.8 W/(m2 K) (total structure). Total G-value for glass: 0.4. Shading G-value: Example materials: ETFE-foil: Page: 7 of 12 Page: 8 of 12 NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 23

24 Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies Good environmental qualities and small carbon footprint of the ETFE- foil is documented through an EPD: 95 % transparency, 1 % of the weight of normal glass. Material saving strategy. Non stick self cleaning. Double curvature to withstand wind forces. 100% recyclable Aerogel element: Performance: Lambda value 0,017 W / mk, light transmittance: 80% pr cm. The development of innovative solutions whilst maintaining the demand for a thoroughly documented record can often create challenging situations and this proposals use of Aerogel as a building element is one such example. This product has no EPD or ISO standards, however current scientific thesis has been referenced for its carbon footprint. Lawrence Berkley laboratory ascertain that the product of silica Aerogel is environmentally benign, non-toxic, nonflammable, and can easily be recycled. Further development of this material will require additional investigating regarding the materials actual carbon footprint. Building design teams have an important responsibility, encouraging the industry to work out EPDs. The Aerogel element consists of the insulation gel in the middle, and a glazing layer on both sides. We suggest, together with the Norwegian supplier, to replace the outer conventional glass layer with solar glass. The solar glass is a new invention that may hit market in The proposal follows the assumption that the carbon footprint of this glass layer will be similar to conventional energy glazing though further product development studies are recommended at this stage. 5. ENERGY SUPPLY The team has considered energy supply very closely, although the main focus has been to reduce the need for energy, as described in the C2C element rethinking work space. We have reflected on the aspects described in the Ene 5 criterion in the BREEAM-NOR Assessor Manual. BG14 is situated in an area with a local district heating. The building regulations require the use of district heating, if present. A project can get an exception to this rule if one can prove that another solution is more environmental friendly. The district heating is based on renewable energy, waste incineration, electricity and oil. The carbon intensity of the district heating system is approximately 111 g/kwh. We consider the district heating system the most sustainable system, concerning carbon intensity, use of area, local building regulations, noise from the installations etc. Additionally, there will be very good heat recuperation in the ventilation system (84%), with the possibility of by-passing the heat recuperation during warmer periods. Considering electricity, the C2C element rethinking the building envelope, also includes PV elements that will produce electricity for internal use. The Aerogel and ETFE products are imported from Germany. All products are easily dismantled and recycled. EXTENSIONS Extensions additions in regards to useable building area will be via self supporting bearing structures. All additional steel members/construction will demand a high percentage of recycled steel. All additional concrete elements/structure will be specified as (minimum) low carbon. Page: 9 of 12 Page: 10 of 12 24

25 Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies Posthuset Nordic Built competition Environmental strategies 6. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 7. INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS A near-passive or passive house has a very low demand for heating. This implies that ventilation (fan power) and electricity for lighting, computers and other utilities will require much more energy than heating. Another consequence of large internal power loads is overheating, and the subsequent need for cooling. As a result of this our solution is focused on reducing unnecessary internal power and the need for large ventilation air volumes, cooling and fan power needed. VENTILATION AND DOCKING STATION The ventilation strategy combines several systems to ensure personalized fresh air with low energy use. The strategy includes a hybrid displacement ventilation system with large ventilation voids, using the thermal mass of the concrete floor stands to regulate air temperatures. The hybrid system will extract the polluted air into a large atrium where heat recovery is possible, if necessary, at the top of the atrium. This system ensures good air quality, steady air temperatures, the need of low air volumes and low speed air flow. 4. C2C Element: Use Innovation Partnerships We have established a partnership with a supplier of aerogel elements. The aim is to develop a new multi purpose façade element. It will be translucent but overheat protective, have high insulation qualities and at the same time it will be producing energy through PV technology. This is possible through new solar technology combine with today s aerogel façade element. The element is a composite consisting of aerogel insulation in the middle and glass on both sides. The outer glass will be replaced with a solar glass. This is a technology invented in the UK that may hit marked in The glass has a film of PV-technology and will appear as transparent. It may also be colored. Research models have shown that the efficiency of the solar glass has a potential for reaching 20 %. While producing electricity, this façade element is also decreasing the demand for artificial lighting during daytime hours. This product will be further developed in the next stage of the competition. The hybrid system will be complemented by a personal ventilation system with docking stations with additional functionality of personalized user set up for air and lightning. The supply air ventilation ducts will be routed through the ventilation voids used for the hybrid system, and the polluted air will be extracted through via the atrium volume within the North façade. This system will ensure internal air quality with a very low SFP, user demand control and little need of extra heating or cooling. Page: 11 of 12 Page: 12 of 12 NORDIC BUILT CHALLENGE NORWAY POSTHUSET 25

26 CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS NUMBER Calculation of heat loss number Instructions: Please fill in data in framed cells. Feel free to leave some cells empty. The description fields can be used to provide extra information when necessary. The work sheet "Example" provides an example on how data can be filled in. Calculation of heat loss number Motto of the team ART14- addition/reduction/transformation Heated area (GIA) Total m 2 The heated area is defined as the Gross Internal Area (GIA) (BRA in Norwegian) supplied by heat from the building's heating system and enclosed by the building's climate screen. GIA: The floor area contained within the building measured to the internal face of the external walls. Motto of the team ART14- addition/reduction/transformation Heated volume Total m 3 Façades Provide information about one or more types of façades in the below table. If only one kind of façade is used in the building, fill inn only façade type 1 in the form. Because the form is only used for calculation of heat loss numbers, compass directions (North, East ie.) is not relevant. Area façade Hereby windows U-value façade U-value windows Description (if necessary) m 2 0,09 0,80 W/m 2 K Main facades with parapet m 2 0,12 0,55 W/m 2 K Facades with EFTE m 2 0,12 0,30 W/m 2 K Aerogel facade elements 4 m 2 W/m 2 K 5 m 2 W/m 2 K 6 m 2 W/m 2 K 7 m 2 W/m 2 K 8 m 2 W/m 2 K 9 m 2 W/m 2 K 10 m 2 W/m 2 K Should be provided as net volume. Calculated as GIA * room height (top of the floor to the bottom part of the overlying floor construction). Volume occupied by interior floors should not be included. Provide internal areas. In the window's area, please include the size of the glass and framing. If the windows' U-values differentiate, please provide the average value. Total area windows Roof windows (see below) are included in the value Total area façades Window area/façade area 75 % Window area/heated area (GIA) 25 % Average U-value facade 0,10 Average U-value windows 0,58 Roof windows (see below) are included in the value Area [m 2 ] U-value [W/m 2 K] Heat loss [W/K] Walls ,09 420,8 Windows , ,9 Roof ,10 190,0 Floor ,12 378,0 Thermal bridges , ,0 Air volume [m 3 /h] Heat recovery Heat loss [W/K] Infiltration ,4 0 % 2845 Ventilation % 8323 Total heat loss number [W/K] 0,39 Roof Total area roof Hereby roof window U-value roof window U-value roof m m 2 0,10 0,80 m 2 Description (if necessary) Floor U-value of the floor (not including heat Area resistance in the ground) Towards ground 3150 m 2 0,12 W/m 2 K Towards air m 2 W/m 2 K Description (if necessary) Ventilation Heat recovery 84 % Average yearly heat recovery factor for all ventilation systems in the building Average air volume flow 2,78 m 3 /m 2 h 2,78 m 3 /m 2 h is the minimum allowed air volume (average over the year) in passive house energy calculations (NS 3701). The value is fixed for all teams. Other Normalized thermal bridge value 0,03 W/m 2 K The normalized thermal bridge value is the sum of all heat losses from themal bridges, divided on the heated area (BRA). Passive house requirement for this value is 0.03 W/m 2 K, and it is predefined that this requirement is met by all teams. Note that this means focus on thermal bridges. The value cannot be changed by the team in this phase of the competition. Infiltration (n50) 0,6 h -1 The infiltration number is the number of air changes if the air pressure inside is 50 Pa higher than outside. The Norwegian passive house requirement is 0.6 air changes per hour, and it is predefined that this value is met by all teams. The value cannot be changed by the team in this phase of the competition. 26

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