A. General: Submit each item in this Article according to the Conditions of the Contract and Division 1 Specification Sections.

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1 SECTION STRUCTURAL STEEL (ALTERNATE BID) PART 1 - GENERAL 1.I RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. This Section includes structural steel. B. Related Sections: The following Sections contain requirements that relate to this Section: 1. Division 1 Section "Quality Requirements" for independent testing agency procedures and administrative requirements. 2. Division 5 Section "Metal Fabrications" for loose steel bearing plates and miscellaneous steel framing. 1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS A. Structural Performance: Engineer structural steel connections required by the Contract Documents to be selected or completed by the fabricator to withstand design loadings indicated. B. Engineering Responsibility: Engage a fabricator who utilizes a qualified professional engineer to prepare calculations, Shop Drawings, and other structural data for structural steel connections. 1.4 SUBMITTALS A. General: Submit each item in this Article according to the Conditions of the Contract and Division 1 Specification Sections. B. Product Data for each type of product specified. C. Shop Drawings detailing fabrication of structural steel components. 1. Include details of cuts, connections, splices, camber, holes, and other pertinent data. 2, lndicate welds by standard AWS symbols, distinguishing between shop and field welds, and show size, length, and type of each weld. 3. lndicate type, size, and length of bolts, distinguishing between shop and field bolts. Identify high-strength bolted slip-critical, direct-tension, or tensioned shearlbearing connections. D. See structural plans for additional requirements. 1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE STRUCTURAL STEEL

2 A. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced Installer who has completed structural steel work similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for this Project and with a record of successful in-service performance. B. Fabricator Qualifications: A qualified fabricator that participates in the AlSC Quality Certification Program and is designated as AISC-Certified Plant, Category STD. C. Comply with applicable provisions of the following specifications and documents: 1. AISC's "Load and Resistance Factor Design (LFRD) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings" or "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design." 2. AISC's "Specification for Load and Resistance Factor Design of Single-Angle Members" or "Specification for Allowable Stress Design of Single-Angle Members." 3. ASTM A 6 "Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes, Sheet Piling, and Bars for Structural Use." 4. Research Council on Structural Connections' (RCSC) "Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts" or "Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." 5. AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges," dated March 7, 2000, except as modified as follows: a. Section 3.1.2; modify the end of the last sentence to read "...Owner's Designated Representative for Design for review." b. Section 3.3; delete the last paragraph. c. Section 3.4; replace with "Design Drawings shall be clearly legible and shall be drawn to a scale that is adequate to clearly convey the information." d. Section 4.4; replace with "Review of submittals will be in accordance with requirements in the appropriate Division 1 Specification section. e. Section 4.4.1; in item (b) delete the words "and approved". f. Section 8.5.5; replace with "The Fabricator and the Erector shall be informed by the Owner's Designated Representative for Construction of deficiencies promptly after the inspection. The necessary corrective work shall be performed in a timely manner." g. Section ; replace with "Unless otherwise required by the Contract Documents, stamped or raised manufacturer's identification marks need not be filled, ground or otherwise removed." D. Professional Engineer Qualifications: A professional engineer who is legally authorized to practice in the state of Missouri and who is experienced in providing engineering services of the kind indicated. Engineering services are defined as those performed for projects with structural steel framing that are similar to that indicated for this Project in material, design, and extent. E. Welding Standards: Comply with applicable provisions of AWS Dl.I"Structural Welding Code- -Steel." 1. Present evidence that each welder has satisfactorily passed AWS qualification tests for welding processes involved and, if pertinent, has undergone recertification. 1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A. Deliver structural steel to Project site in such quantities and at such times to ensure continuity of installation. STRUCTURAL STEEL

3 B. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Keep steel members off ground by using pallets, platforms, or other supports. Protect steel members and packaged materials from erosion and deterioration. 1. Store fasteners in a protected place. Clean and relubricate bolts and nuts that become dry or rusty before use. 2. Do not store materials on structure in a manner that might cause distortion or damage to members or supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged materials or structures as directed. 1.7 SEQUENCING A. Supply anchorage items to be embedded in or attached to other construction without delaying the Work. Provide setting diagrams, templates, instructions, and directions, as required, for installation. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 MATERIALS A. Structural Steel Wide Flange Shapes: As follows: 1. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steel: ASTM A 572, Grade 50. B. Structural Steel Angles, Channels, Plates and Bars: As follows: 1. Carbon Steel: ASTM A36. C. Cold-Formed Hollow Structural Shapes: ASTM A 500, Grade B. D. Anchor Rods, Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: As follows: 1. Unheaded Rods: ASTM A Washers: ASTM A 36. E. Nonhigh-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 307, Grade A; carbon-steel, hex-head bolts; carbon-steel nuts; and flat, unhardened steel washers. 1. Finish: Plain, uncoated. F. High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 325, Type 1, heavy hex steel structural bolts, heavy hex carbon-steel nuts, and hardened carbon-steel washers. 1. Finish: Plain, uncoated. 2. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959, Type 325. a. Finish: Plain, uncoated, 3. "Twist off' Type Tension Control: ASTM F 1852, Type 1, Heavy hex steel structural bolts, heavy hex carbon-steel nuts, and hardened carbon-steel washers may be substituted at Contractor's option. STRUCTURAL STEEL

4 G. Shear Connectors and Headed Anchor Studs: ASTM A108, Grade 1015 through 1020, headed-stud type, cold-finished carbon steel, AWS Dl.I, Type B. Welding Electrodes: Comply with AWS requirements. 1. Minimum strength level: 70 ksi. PRIMER Primer: Fabricator's standard lead- and chromate-free, nonasphaltic, rust-inhibiting primer Galvanizing Repair Paint: ASTM A 780. GROUT Nonmetallic, Shrinkage-Resistant Grout: Premixed, nonmetallic, noncorrosive, nonstaining grout containing selected silica sands, portland cement, shrinkage compensating agents, plasticizing and water-reducing agents, complying with ASTM C 1107, of consistency suitable for application, and a 30-minute working time. FABRICATION Fabricate and assemble structural steel in shop to greatest extent possible. Fabricate structural steel according to AlSC specifications referenced in this Section and in Shop Drawings. 1. Camber structural steel members where indicated. 2. Identify high-strength structural steel according to ASTM A 6 and maintain markings until steel has been erected. 3. Mark and match-mark materials for field assembly. 4. Fabricate for delivery a sequence that will expedite erection and minimize field handling of structural steel. 5. Complete structural steel assemblies, including welding of units, before starting shoppriming operations. 6. Comply with fabrication tolerance limits of AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges" for structural steel. Thermal Cutting: Perform thermal cutting by machine to greatest extent possible. 1. Plane thermally cut edges to be welded. Finishing: Accurately mill ends of columns and other members transmitting loads in bearing. SHOP CONNECTIONS Shop install and tighten high-strength bolts according to RCSC's "Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" or "Specifications for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." 1. Bolts: ASTM A 325 high-strength bolts, unless otherwise indicated. 2. Connection Type: Snug tightened, unless otherwise indicated. STRUCTURAL STEEL

5 B. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.l for procedures, appearance and quality of welds, and methods used in correcting welding work. 1. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment of axes without warp. 2. Verify that weld sizes, fabrication sequence, and equipment used for architecturally exposed structural steel will limit distortions to allowable tolerances. Prevent surface bleeding of back-side welding on exposed steel surfaces. Grind smooth exposed fillet welds 112 inch and larger. Grind flush butt welds. Dress exposed welds. 2.6 SHOP PRIMING A. Shop prime steel surfaces, except the following: 1 Surfaces embedded in concrete or mortar. Extend priming of partially embedded members to a depth of 2 inches. 2. Surfaces to be field welded. 3. Surfaces to be high-strength bolted with slip-critical connections. 4. Galvanized surfaces. B. Surface Preparation: Clean surfaces to be painted. Remove loose rust, loose mill scale, and spatter, slag, or flux deposits. Prepare surfaces according to SSPC specifications as follows: 1. SSPC-SP 3 "Power Tool Cleaning." 2. SSPC-SP 5 "White Metal Blast Cleaning." C. Priming: Immediately after surface preparation, apply primer according to manufacturer's instructions and at rate recommended by SSPC to provide a dry film thickness of not less than 1.5 mils. Use priming methods that result in full coverage of joints, corners, edges, and exposed surfaces. 1. Stripe paint corners, crevices, bolts, welds, and sharp edges. A. Hot-Dip Galvanized Finish: Apply zinc coating by the hot-dip process to structural steel indicated for galvanizing according to ASTM A 123. Galvanize the following structural steel items: 1. Components embedded in exterior exposed concrete or mortar 2. Components supporting exterior masonry 3. Components within a roof system, above the roof deck. 4. Components exposed to the exterior. 5. As noted on the drawings. 2.8 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL A. Contractor shall engage an independent testing and inspecting agency to perform shop inspections and tests and to prepare test reports. 1. Testing agency will conduct and interpret tests and state in each report whether test specimens comply with or deviate from requirements. STRUCTURAL STEEL B

6 2. Provide testing agency with access to places where structural steel Work is being fabricated or produced so required inspection and testing can be accomplished. B. Correct deficiencies in or remove and replace structural steel that inspections and test reports indicate do not comply with specified requirements. C. Test results will be reported in writing to General Contractor, Architect, Structural Engineer, and Contractor within 24 hours of testing. D. Additional testing, at Contractor's expense, will be performed to determine compliance of corrected Work with specified requirements. E. Shop-bolted connections will be tested and inspected according to RCSC's "Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" or "Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." 1. Direct-tension indicator gaps will be verified to comply with ASTM F 959, Table 2. F. In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded connections will be inspected and tested according to AWS Dl.I and the inspection procedures listed below, at testing agency's option. 1. Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709; performed on root pass and on finished weld. Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or penetration will not be accepted. 2. Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94 and ASTM E 142; minimum quality level "2-2T." 3. Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E 164. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION A. Before erection proceeds, and with the steel erector present, verify elevations of concrete and masonry bearing surfaces and locations of anchorages for compliance with requirements. B. Do not proceed with erection until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. 3.2 PREPARATION A. Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other supports during erection to keep structural steel secure, plumb, and in alignment against temporary construction loads and loads equal in intensity to design loads. Remove temporary supports when permanent structural steel, connections, and bracing are in place, unless otherwise indicated. 3.3 ERECTION A. Maintain structure in a safe, stable configuration at all times. B. Set structural steel accurately in locations and to elevations indicated and according to AlSC specifications referenced in this Section. STRUCTURAL STEEL

7 Base and Bearing Plates: Clean concrete and masonry bearing surfaces of bond-reducing materials and roughen surfaces prior to setting base and bearing plates. Clean bottom surface of base and bearing plates. 1. Set base and bearing plates for structural members on wedges, shims, or setting nuts as required. 2. Leveling plates will be allowed at Contractor's option. 3. Tighten anchor bolts after supported members have been positioned and plumbed. Do not remove wedges or shims but, if protruding, cut off flush with edge of base or bearing plate prior to packing with grout. 4. Pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces and plates so no voids remain. Finish exposed surfaces, protect installed materials, and allow to cure. a. Comply with manufacturer's instructions for proprietary grout materials. Maintain erection tolerances of structural steel within AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges." Align and adjust various members forming part of complete frame or structure before permanently fastening. Before assembly, clean bearing surfaces and other surfaces that will be in permanent contact. Perform necessary adjustments to compensate for discrepancies in elevations and alignment. 1. Level and plumb individual members of structure. 2. Establish required leveling and plumbing measurements on mean operating temperature of structure. Make allowances for difference between temperature at time of erection and mean temperature at which structure will be when completed and in service. Splice members only where indicated. Do not use thermal cutting during erection. Do not enlarge unfair holes in members by burning or by using drift pins. Ream holes that must be enlarged to admit bolts. FIELD CONNECTIONS Install and tighten high-strength bolts according to RCSC1s "Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A490 Bolts" or "Specifications for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." 1. Bolts: ASTM A 325 high-strength bolts, unless otherwise indicated. 2. Connection Type: Snug tightened, unless indicated as slip-critical, direct-tension, or tensioned shearlbearing connections. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.l for procedures, appearance and quality of welds, and methods used in correcting welding work. 1. Comply with AlSC specifications referenced in this Section for bearing, adequacy of temporary connections, alignment, and removal of paint on surfaces adjacent to field welds. 2. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment of axes without warp. STRUCTURAL STEEL

8 3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL A. Owner may engage a qualified independent testing and inspecting agency to perform field inspections and tests and to prepare test reports. 1. Testing agency will conduct and interpret tests and state in each report whether tested Work complies with or deviates from requirements. 2. See Structural plans for required inspections. B. Correct deficiencies in or remove and replace structural steel that inspections and test reports indicate do not comply with specified requirements. C. Test results will be reported in writing to General Contractor, Architect, Structural Engineer, and Contractor within 24 hours of testing. D. Additional testing, at Contractor's expense, will be performed to determine compliance of corrected Work with specified requirements. E. Field-bolted connections will be tested and inspected according to RCSC's "Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" or "Specifications for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." 1. Direct-tension indicator gaps will be verified to comply with ASTM F 959, Table 2. F. In addition to visual inspection, field-welded connections will be inspected and tested according to AWS Dl.I and the inspection procedures listed below, at testing agency's option. 1. Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709; performed on root pass and on finished weld. Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or penetration will not be accepted. 2. Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94 and ASTM E 142; minimum quality level "2-2T." 3. Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E CLEANING A. Touchup Painting: Immediately after erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas of shop paint. Apply paint to exposed areas using same material as used for shop painting. 1. Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum dry film thickness of 1.5 mils. B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas and apply galvanizing repair paint according to ASTM A 780. END OF SECTION STRUCTURAL STEEL

9 SECTION COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING (ALTERNATE BID) PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Load-bearing wall framing. 2. Roof rafter framing. 3. Ceiling joist framing. 1.3 ACTION SUBMITTALS A. Product Data: For each type of cold-formed steel framing product and accessory. 1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A. Protect cold-formed steel framing from corrosion, moisture staining, deformation, and other damage during delivery, storage, and handling. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS A. Delegated Design: Engage a qualified professional engineer, as defined in Section "Quality Requirements," to design cold-formed steel framing. B. Structural Performance: Provide cold-formed steel framing capable of withstanding design loads within limits and under conditions indicated. 1. Design Loads: As indicated. 2. Deflection Limits: Design framing systems to withstand design loads without deflections greater than the following: a. Exterior Load-Bearing Wall Framing: Horizontal deflection of of the wall height. b. Interior Load-Bearing Wall Framing: Horizontal deflection of the wall height under a horizontal load of 5 Ibflsq, ft.. c. Roof Rafter Framing: Vertical deflection of of the horizontally projected span for live loads. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

10 d. Ceiling Joist Framing: Vertical deflection of of the span for live loads and for total loads of the span. 3. Design framing system to maintain clearances at openings, to allow for construction tolerances, and to accommodate live load deflection of primary building structure. C. Cold-Formed Steel Framing Design Standards: 1. Floor and Roof Systems: AlSl S Wall Studs: AlSl S Headers: AlSl S Lateral Design: AlSl S213. D. AlSl Specifications and Standards: Unless more stringent requirements are indicated, comply with AlSl SlOO and AlSl S COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAMING, GENERAL A. Steel Sheet: ASTM A 653, structural steel, zinc coated, of grade and coating as follows: 1. Grade: 33 (230) andlor 50 (340), Class I, as indicated and required by structural performance. 2. Coating: G60 (Z180) andlor G90 (Z275), as indicated. 2.3 LOAD-BEARING WALL FRAMING A. Steel Studs: Manufacturer's standard C-shaped steel studs, of web depths indicated, punched, with stiffened flanges, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch. 2. Flange Width: inches. B. Steel Track: Manufacturer's standard U-shaped steel track, of web depths indicated, unpunched, with straight flanges, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch or matching steel studs, which ever is greater. 2. Flange Width: inches. C. Steel Box or Back-to-Back Headers: Manufacturer's standard C-shapes used to form header beams, of web depths indicated, unpunched, with stiffened flanges, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch minimum, unless indicated otherwise on drawings. 2. Flange Width: inches minimum, unless indicated otherwise on drawings. D. Steel Single- or Double-L Headers: Manufacturer's standard L-shapes used to form header beams, of web depths indicated, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch minimum, unless indicated otherwise on drawings. 2. Top Flange Width: inches minimum, unless indicated otherwise on drawings. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING B

11 2.4 ROOF-RAFTER FRAMING Steel Rafters: Manufacturer's standard C-shaped steel sections, of web depths indicated, with stiffened flanges, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch minimum, unless indicted otherwise on drawings. 2. Flange Width: 2 inches, minimum,unless indicated otherwise on drawings. CEILING AND SOFFIT JOIST FRAMING Steel Ceiling Joists: Manufacturer's standard C-shaped steel sections, of web depths indicated, with stiffened flanges, and as follows: 1. Minimum Base-Metal Thickness: inch minimum. 2. Flange Width: inches, minimum. FRAMING ACCESSORIES Fabricate steel-framing accessories from steel sheet, ASTM A 1003lA 1003M, Structural Grade, Type H, metallic coated, of same grade and coating weight used for framing members. Provide accessories of manufacturer's standard thickness and configuration, unless otherwise indicated, as follows: 1. Supplementary framing. 2. Bracing, bridging, and solid blocking. 3. Web stiffeners. 4. Anchor clips. 5. End clips. 6. Foundation clips. 7. Backer plates. ANCHORS, CLIPS, AND FASTENERS Steel Shapes and Clips: ASTM A 36, zinc coated by hot-dip process according to ASTM A 123. Expansion Anchors: Fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, with allowable load or strength design capacities calculated according to ICC-ES AC193 and ACI 318 greater than or equal to the design load, as determined by testing per ASTM E 488 conducted by a qualified testing agency. Power-Actuated Anchors: Fastener system of type suitable for application indicated, fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, with allowable load capacities calculated according to ICC- ES AC70, greater than or equal to the design load, as determined by testing per ASTM E 1190 conducted by a qualified testing agency. Mechanical Fasteners: steel drill screws. ASTM C 1513, corrosion-resistant-coated, self-drilling, self-tapping, 1. Head Type: Low-profile head beneath sheathing, manufacturer's standard elsewhere. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

12 E. Welding Electrodes: Comply with AWS standards. 2.8 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS A. Galvanizing Repair Paint: ASTM A 780. B. Nonmetallic, Nonshrink Grout: Premixed, nonmetallic, noncorrosive, nonstaining grout containing selected silica sands, portland cement, shrinkage-compensating agents, and plasticizing and water-reducing agents, complying with ASTM C 1107lC 1107M, with fluid consistency and 30-minute working time. C. Shims: Load bearing, high-density multimonomer plastic, and nonleaching; or of cold-formed steel of same grade and coating as framing members supported by shims. D. Sealer Gaskets: Closed-cell neoprene foam, 114 inch thick, selected from manufacturer's standard widths to match width of bottom track or rim track members. 2.9 FABRICATION A. Fabricate cold-formed steel framing and accessories plumb, square, and true to line, and with connections securely fastened, according to referenced AISlls specifications and standards, manufacturer's written instructions, and requirements in this Section. 1. Fabricate framing assemblies using jigs or templates. 2. Cut framing members by sawing or shearing; do not torch cut. 3. Fasten cold-formed steel framing members by welding, screw fastening, clinch fastening, pneumatic pin fastening, or riveting as standard with fabricator. Wire tying of framing members is not permitted. a. Comply with AWS Dl.3/D1.3M requirements and procedures for welding, appearance and quality of welds, and methods used in correcting welding work. b. Locate mechanical fasteners and install according to Shop Drawings, with screw penetrating joined members by no fewer than three exposed screw threads. 4. Fasten other materials to cold-formed steel framing by welding, bolting, pneumatic pin fastening, or screw fastening, according to Shop Drawings. B. Reinforce, stiffen, and brace framing assemblies to withstand handling, delivery, and erection stresses. Lift fabricated assemblies to prevent damage or permanent distortion. C. Fabrication Tolerances: Fabricate assemblies level, plumb, and true to line to a maximum allowable tolerance variation of 118 inch in 10 feet and as follows: 1. Spacing: Space individual framing members no more than plus or minus 118 inch from plan location. Cumulative error shall not exceed minimum fastening requirements of sheathing or other finishing materials. 2. Squareness: Fabricate each cold-formed steel framing assembly to a maximum out-ofsquare tolerance of 118 inch. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

13 PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION A. Examine supporting substrates and abutting structural framing for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of the Work. B. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. 3.2 PREPARATION A. lnstall load bearing shims or grout between the underside of load-bearing wall bottom track and the top of foundation wall or slab at locations with a gap larger than 114 inch to ensure a uniform bearing surface on supporting concrete construction. B. lnstall sealer gaskets at the underside of wall bottom track or rim track and at the top of foundation wall or slab at stud or joist locations. 3.3 INSTALLATION, GENERAL A. Cold-formed steel framing may be shop or field fabricated for installation, or it may be field assem bled. B. lnstall cold-formed steel framing according to AISI S200 and to manufacturer's written instructions unless more stringent requirements are indicated. C, lnstall cold-formed steel framing and accessories plumb, square, and true to line, and with connections securely fastened. 1. Cut framing members by sawing or shearing; do not torch cut. 2. Fasten cold-formed steel framing members by welding, screw fastening, clinch fastening, or riveting. Wire tying of framing members is not permitted. a. Comply with AWS D1.3lD1.3M requirements and procedures for welding, appearance and quality of welds, and methods used in correcting welding work. b. Locate mechanical fasteners and install according to Shop Drawings, and complying with requirements for spacing, edge distances, and screw penetration. D. lnstall framing members in one-piece lengths unless splice connections are indicated for track or tension members. E. lnstall temporary bracing and supports to secure framing and support loads comparable in intensity to those for which structure was designed. Maintain braces and supports in place, undisturbed, until entire integrated supporting structure has been completed and permanent connections to framing are secured. F. Do not bridge building expansion joints with cold-formed steel framing. Independently frame both sides of joints. G. lnstall insulation, specified in Section "Building Insulation," in built-up exterior framing members, such as headers, sills, boxed joists, and multiple studs at openings, that are inaccessible on completion of framing work. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

14 H. Fasten hole reinforcing plate over web penetrations that exceed size of manufacturer's approved or standard punched openings. I. Erection Tolerances: Install cold-formed steel framing level, plumb, and true to line to a maximum allowable tolerance variation of 118 inch in 10 feet and as follows: 1. Space individual framing members no more than plus or minus 118 inch from plan location. Cumulative error shall not exceed minimum fastening requirements of sheathing or other finishing materials. 3.4 LOAD-BEARING WALL INSTALLATION A. Install continuous top and bottom tracks sized to match studs. Align tracks accurately and securely anchor at corners and ends, and at spacings as follows: 1. Anchor Spacing: 24 inches or as approved on Shop Drawings. B. Squarely seat studs against top and bottom tracks with gap not exceeding of 118 inch between the end of wall framing member and the web of track. Fasten both flanges of studs to top and bottom tracks. Space studs as follows: 1. Stud Spacing: 16 inches, unless indicated otherwise, C. Set studs plumb, except as needed for diagonal bracing or required for nonplumb walls or warped surfaces and similar configurations. D. Align roof framing over studs according to AlSl S200, Section C1. Where framing cannot be aligned, continuously reinforce track to transfer loads. E. Anchor studs abutting structural columns or walls, including masonry walls, to supporting structure as indicated. F. lnstall headers over wall openings wider than stud spacing. Locate headers above openings as indicated. Fabricate headers of compound shapes indicated or required to transfer load to supporting studs, complete with clip-angle connectors, web stiffeners, or gusset plates. 1. Frame wall openings with not less than a double stud at each jamb of frame as indicated on Shop Drawings. Fasten jamb members together to uniformly distribute loads. 2, Install runner tracks and jack studs above and below wall openings. Anchor tracks to jamb studs with clip angles or by welding, and space jack studs same as full-height wall studs. G. lnstall supplementary framing, blocking, and bracing in stud framing indicated to support fixtures, equipment, services, casework, heavy trim, furnishings, and similar work requiring attachment to framing. 1. If type of supplementary support is not indicated, comply with stud manufacturer's written recommendations and industry standards in each case, considering weight or load resulting from item supported. H. lnstall horizontal bridging in stud system, spaced vertically 48 inches, unless indicated otherwise on Shop Drawings. Fasten at each stud intersection. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 111lB

15 1. Bridging: Cold-rolled steel channel, welded or mechanically fastened to webs of punched studs with a minimum of two screws into each flange of the clip angle for framing members up to 6 inches deep. 2. Bridging: Combination of flat, taut, steel sheet straps of width and thickness indicated and stud-track solid blocking of width and thickness to match studs. Fasten flat straps to stud flanges and secure solid blocking to stud webs or flanges. 3. Bridging: Proprietary bridging bars installed according to manufacturer's written instructions. I. lnstall steel sheet diagonal bracing straps to both stud flanges, terminate at and fasten to reinforced top and bottom tracks. Fasten clip-angle connectors to multiple studs at ends of bracing and anchor to structure. J. lnstall miscellaneous framing and connections, including supplementary framing, web stiffeners, clip angles, continuous angles, anchors, and fasteners, to provide a complete and stable wallframing system. 3.5 JOIST INSTALLATION A. lnstall perimeter joist track sized to match joists. Align and securely anchor or fasten track to supporting structure at corners, ends, and spacings indicated on Shop Drawings. B. lnstall joists bearing on supporting frame, level, straight, and plumb; adjust to final position, brace, and reinforce. Fasten joists to both flanges of joist track. 1 lnstall joists over supporting frame with a minimum end bearing of inches. 2. Reinforce ends and bearing points of joists with web stiffeners, end clips, joist hangers, steel clip angles, or steel-stud sections as indicated on Shop Drawings. C. Space joists not more than 2 inches from abutting walls, and as follows: 1. Joist Spacing: 16 inches, unless indicated otherwise. D. lnstall joist reinforcement at interior supports with single, short length of joist section located directly over interior support, with lapped joists of equal length to joist reinforcement, or as indicated. 1. lnstall web stiffeners to transfer axial loads of walls above. E. lnstall bridging at intervals indicated. Fasten bridging at each joist intersection as follows: 1. Bridging: Joist-track solid blocking of width and thickness indicated, secured to joist webs. 2. Bridging: Combination of flat, taut, steel sheet straps of width and thickness indicated and joist-track solid blocking of width and thickness indicated. Fasten flat straps to bottom flange of joists and secure solid blocking to joist webs. F. Secure joists to load-bearing interior walls to prevent lateral movement of bottom flange. G. lnstall miscellaneous joist framing and connections, including web stiffeners, closure pieces, clip angles, continuous angles, hold-down angles, anchors, and fasteners, to provide a complete and stable joist-framing assembly. COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

16 3.6 REPAIRS AND PROTECTION A. Galvanizing Repairs: Prepare and repair damaged galvanized coatings on fabricated and installed cold-formed steel framing with galvanized repair paint according to ASTM A 780 and manufacturer's written instructions. B. Provide final protection and maintain conditions, in a manner acceptable to manufacturer and Installer, that ensure that cold-formed steel framing is without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion. END OF SECTION COLD-FORMED METAL FRAMING 1111B

17 SECTION METAL FABRICATIONS (ALTERNATE BID) PART 1 - GENERAL 1.I RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: I. Steel framing and supports for applications where framing and supports are not specified in other Sections. 2. Shelf angles. 3. Loose bearing and leveling plates for applications where they are not specified in other Sections. B. Products furnished, but not installed, under this Section: 1. Loose steel lintels. C. Related Sections: 1. Section "Unit Masonry Assemblies" for installing loose lintels, anchor bolts, and other items built into unit masonry. 2. Section "Pipe and Tube Railings." 1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS A. Delegated Design: Design structural steel supports, including comprehensive engineering analysis by a qualified professional engineer, using performance requirements and design criteria indicated. B. Thermal Movements: Allow for thermal movements from ambient and surface temperature changes acting on exterior metal fabrications by preventing buckling, opening of joints, overstressing of components, failure of connections, and other detrimental effects. 1. Temperature Change: 120 deg F (67 deg C), ambient; 180 deg F (100 deg C), material surfaces. 1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS A. Product Data: For the following: 1. Paint products. 2. Grout. B. Shop Drawings: Show fabrication and installation details for metal fabrications. METAL FABRICATIONS

18 1, Include plans, elevations, sections, and details of metal fabrications and their connections. Show anchorage and accessory items. C. Delegated-Design Submittal: For installed products indicated to comply with performance requirements and design criteria, including analysis data signed and sealed by the qualified professional engineer responsible for their preparation. 1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Qualification Data: For qualified professional engineer. B. Welding certificates. C. Paint Compatibility Certificates: From manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop primers certifying that shop primers are compatible with topcoats. 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS Dl.1/D1.I M, "Structural Welding Code - Steel." B. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to the following: 1. AWS Dl.1/D1.I M, "Structural Welding Code - Steel." 1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS A. Field Measurements: Verify actual locations of all other construction contiguous with metal fabrications by field measurements before fabrication. 1.8 COORDINATION A. Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats to be applied over them. Comply with paint and coating manufacturers' written recommendations to ensure that shop primers and topcoats are compatible with one another. B. Coordinate installation of anchorages and steel weld plates and angles for casting into concrete. Furnish setting drawings, templates, and directions for installing anchorages, including sleeves, concrete inserts, anchor bolts, and items with integral anchors, that are to be embedded in concrete or masonry. Deliver such items to Project site in time for installation. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 METALS, GENERAL A. Metal Surfaces, General: Provide materials with smooth, flat surfaces unless otherwise indicated. For metal fabrications exposed to view in the completed Work, provide materials without seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade names, or blemishes. METAL FABRICATIONS

19 2.2 FERROUS METALS A. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A 36. B. Steel Tubing: ASTM A 500, Grade B, cold-formed steel tubing. C. Steel Pipe: ASTM A 53, standard weight (Schedule 40) unless otherwise indicated on drawings. D. All exterior exposed steel shall be GI85 galvanized per ASTM A FASTENERS A. Steel Bolts and Nuts: Regular hexagon-head bolts, ASTM A 325, tension control bolts conforming to ASTM F1852, Type 1, round head structural bolts with splinted ends; with heavy hex carbon-steel nuts, ASTM A 563; and, ASTM F436 hardened carbon-steel flat washers. All exterior exposed bolts, nuts, and washers shall have a galvanized finish. B. Anchor Bolts: ASTM F 1554, Grade 36, of dimensions indicated; with nuts, ASTM A 563; and, where indicated, flat washers. 1. Hot-dip galvanize or provide mechanically deposited, zinc coating where item being fastened is indicated to be galvanized. C. Anchors, General: Anchors capable of sustaining, without failure, a load equal to six times the load imposed when installed in unit masonry and four times the load imposed when installed in concrete, as determined by testing according to ASTM E 488, conducted by a qualified independent testing agency. D. Cast-in-Place Anchors in Concrete: Either threaded type or wedge type unless otherwise indicated; galvanized ferrous castings, either ASTM A 47lA 47M malleable iron or ASTM A 27lA 27M cast steel. Provide bolts, washers, and shims as needed, all hot-dip galvanized per ASTM F E. Post-Installed Anchors: Torque-controlled expansion anchors or chemical anchors. 1. Material for Interior Locations: Carbon-steel components zinc plated to comply with ASTM B 633 or ASTM F 1941, Class FeIZn 5, unless otherwise indicated. 2. Material for Exterior Locations and Where Stainless Steel is Indicated: Alloy stainlesssteel bolts, ASTM F 593, and nuts, ASTM F MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS A. Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes: Select according to AWS specifications for metal alloy welded. B. Shop Primers: Provide primers that comply with, and compatible with Division Painting Specification Sections. C. Universal Shop Primer: Fast-curing, lead- and chromate-free, universal modified-alkyd primer complying with MPI#79 and compatible with topcoat. 1. Use primer containing pigments that make it easily distinguishable from zinc-rich primer. METAL FABRICATIONS 1111B

20 D. Epoxy Zinc-Rich Primer: Complying with MPI#20 and compatible with topcoat. E. Galvanizing Repair Paint: High-zinc-dust-content paint complying with SSPC-Paint 20 and compatible with paints specified to be used over it. F. Bituminous Paint: Cold-applied asphalt emulsion complying with ASTM D G. Nonshrink, Nonmetallic Grout: Factory-packaged, nonstaining, noncorrosive, nongaseous grout complying with ASTM C Provide grout specifically recommended by manufacturer for interior and exterior applications. 2.5 FABRICATION, GENERAL A. Shop Assembly: Preassemble items in the shop to greatest extent possible. Disassemble units only as necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Use connections that maintain structural value of joined pieces. Clearly mark units for reassembly and coordinated installation. B. Cut, drill, and punch metals cleanly and accurately. Remove burrs and ease edges to a radius of approximately 1/32 inch unless otherwise indicated. Remove sharp or rough areas on exposed surfaces. C. Form bent-metal corners to smallest radius possible without causing grain separation or otherwise impairing work. D. Form exposed work with accurate angles and surfaces and straight edges. E. Weld corners and seams continuously to comply with the following: 1. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop strength and corrosion resistance of base metals. 2. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap. 3. Remove welding flux immediately. 4. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and blended so no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded surface matches that of adjacent surface. F. Form exposed connections with hairline joints, flush and smooth, using concealed fasteners or welds where possible. Where exposed fasteners are required, use Phillips flat-head (countersunk) fasteners unless otherwise indicated. Locate joints where least conspicuous. G. Fabricate seams and other connections that will be exposed to weather in a manner to exclude water. Provide weep holes where water may accumulate. H. Cut, reinforce, drill, and tap metal fabrications as indicated to receive finish hardware, screws, and similar items. I. Provide for anchorage of type indicated; coordinate with supporting structure. Space anchoring devices to secure metal fabrications rigidly in place and to support indicated loads. 2.6 MISCELLANEOUS FRAMING AND SUPPORTS A. General: Provide steel framing and supports not specified in other Sections as needed to complete the Work. METAL FABRICATIONS

21 B. Fabricate units from steel shapes, plates, and bars of welded construction unless otherwise indicated. Fabricate to sizes, shapes, and profiles indicated and as necessary to receive adjacent construction. C. Galvanize miscellaneous framing and supports at all exterior exposed locations and elsewhere indicated. D. Prime miscellaneous framing and supports with zinc-rich primer and/or primer specified or compatible with coatings in Section "High-Performance Coatings" where indicated. 2.7 SHELF ANGLES A. Fabricate shelf angles from steel angles of sizes indicated and for attachment to concrete framing. Provide horizontally slotted holes to receive 314-inch bolts, spaced not more than 6 inches from ends and 24 inches o.c., unless otherwise indicated. 1. Provide mitered and welded units at corners. 2. Provide open joints in shelf angles at expansion and control joints. Make open joint approximately 2 inches larger than expansion or control joint. B. For cavity walls, provide vertical channel brackets to support angles from backup masonry and concrete. C. Galvanize shelf angles located in exterior walls. 2.8 MISCELLANEOUS STEEL TRIM A. Unless otherwise indicated, fabricate units from steel shapes, plates, and bars of profiles shown with continuously welded joints and smooth exposed edges. Miter corners and use concealed field splices where possible. B. Provide cutouts, fittings, and anchorages as needed to coordinate assembly and installation with other work. 1 Provide with integrally welded steel strap anchors for embedding in concrete or masonry construction. C. Galvanize exterior miscellaneous steel trim. D. Prime exterior miscellaneous steel trim with zinc-rich primer or primer compatible with coatings specified in Section "High-Performance Coatings." 2.9 LOOSE STEEL LINTELS A. Fabricate loose steel lintels from steel angles and shapes of size indicated for openings and recesses in masonry walls and partitions at locations indicated. Fabricate in single lengths for each opening unless otherwise indicated. Weld adjoining members together to form a single unit where indicated. B. Size loose lintels to provide bearing length at each side of openings equal to 1/12 of clear span but not less than 8 inches unless otherwise indicated. METAL FABRICATIONS

22 C. Galvanize loose steel lintels located in exterior and masonry walls STEEL WELD PLATES AND ANGLES A. Provide steel weld plates and angles not specified in other Sections, for items supported from concrete construction as needed to complete the Work. Provide each unit with no fewer than two integrally welded steel strap anchors for embedding in concrete FINISHES, GENERAL A. Comply with NAAMM's "Metal Finishes Manual for Architectural and Metal Products" for recommendations for applying and designating finishes. B. Finish metal fabrications after assembly, C. Finish exposed surfaces to remove tool and die marks and stretch lines, and to blend into surrounding surface STEEL AND IRON FINISHES A. Galvanizing: Hot-dip galvanize items as indicated and to comply with ASTM A 153lA 153M for steel and iron hardware and with ASTM A 123lA 123M for other steel and iron products. 1. Do not quench or apply post galvanizing treatments that might interfere with paint adhesion. B. Shop prime iron and steel items unless they are to be embedded in concrete, sprayed-on fireproofing, or masonry, or unless otherwise indicated. C. Preparation for Shop Priming: Prepare surfaces to comply with SSPC-SP GINACE No. 3, "Commercial Blast Cleaning," unless noted otherwise. D. Shop Priming: Apply shop primer to comply with SSPC-PA 1, "Paint Application Specification No. I : Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of Steel," for shop painting. 1. Stripe paint corners, crevices, bolts, welds, and sharp edges. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 INSTALLATION, GENERAL A. Cutting, Fitting, and Placement: Perform cutting, drilling, and fitting required for installing metal fabrications. Set metal fabrications accurately in location, alignment, and elevation; with edges and surfaces level, plumb, true, and free of rack; and measured from established lines and levels. B. Fit exposed connections accurately together to form hairline joints. Weld connections that are not to be left as exposed joints but cannot be shop welded because of shipping size limitations. Do not weld, cut, or abrade surfaces of exterior units that have been hot-dip galvanized after fabrication and are for bolted or screwed field connections. METAL FABRICATIONS 1111B

23 C. Field Welding: Comply with the following requirements: 1. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop strength and corrosion resistance of base metals. 2. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap. 3. Remove welding flux immediately. 4. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and blended so no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded surface matches that of adjacent surface. D. Fastening to In-Place Construction: Provide anchorage devices and fasteners where metal fabrications are required to be fastened to in-place construction. Provide threaded fasteners for use with concrete and masonry inserts, toggle bolts, through bolts, lag screws, wood screws, and other connectors. E. Provide temporary bracing or anchors in formwork for items that are to be built into concrete, masonry, or similar construction. 3.2 INSTALLING BEARING AND LEVELING PLATES A. Clean concrete and masonry bearing surfaces of bond-reducing materials, and roughen to improve bond to surfaces. Clean bottom surface of plates. B. Set bearing and leveling plates on wedges, shims, or leveling nuts. After bearing members have been positioned and plumbed, tighten anchor bolts. Do not remove wedges or shims but, if protruding, cut off flush with edge of bearing plate before packing with grout. 1. Use nonshrink grout, either metallic or nonmetallic, in concealed locations where not exposed to moisture; use nonshrink, nonmetallic grout in exposed locations unless otherwise indicated. 2. Pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces and plates to ensure that no voids remain. 3.3 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING A. Touchup Painting: Immediately after erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas. Paint uncoated and abraded areas with the same material as used for shop painting to comply with SSPC-PA 1 for touching up shop-painted surfaces. 1. Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum 2.0-mil dry film thickness. B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas and repair galvanizing to comply with ASTM A 780. END OF SECTION METAL FABRICATIONS

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25 SECTION PlPE AND TUBE RAILINGS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. This Section includes the following: 1. Aluminum pipe and tube railings. 2. Steel pipe and tube railings. B. Related Sections include the following: 1. Division 5 Section "Metal Stairs" for steel tube railings associated with metal stairs. 1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS A. General: In engineering railings to withstand structural loads indicated, determine allowable design working stresses of railing materials based on the following: 1. Aluminum: The lesser of minimum yield strength divided by 1.65 or minimum ultimate tensile strength divided by Stainless Steel: 60 percent of minimum yield strength. 3. Steel: 72 percent of minimum yield strength. B. Structural Performance: Provide railings capable of withstanding the effects of gravity loads and the following loads and stresses within limits and under conditions indicated: 1. Handrails: a. Uniform load of 50 Ibfl ft. applied in any direction. b. Concentrated load of 200 Ibf applied in any direction. c. Uniform and concentrated loads need not be assumed to act concurrently. 2. Top Rails of Guards: a. Uniform load of 50 Ibfl ft. applied horizontally and concurrently with 100 Ibfl ft. applied vertically downward. b. Concentrated load of 200 Ibf applied in any direction. c. Uniform and concentrated loads need not be assumed to act concurrently. 3. lnfill of Guards: a. Concentrated load of 200 Ibf applied horizontally on an area of 1 sq. ft. b. Uniform load of 25 Ibflsq. ft. applied horizontally. PIPE AND TUBE RAILINGS 1111B