Survey of Employment by Occupation in the Construction Industry 2011

Transcription

1 Survey of Employment by Occupation in the Construction Industry 2011 Authors : Emma Drever and Melanie Doyle Date : March 2012 Prepared for: ConstructionSkills 1

2 At NatCen Social Research we believe that social research has the power to make life better. By really understanding the complexity of people s lives and what they think about the issues that affect them, we give the public a powerful and influential role in shaping decisions and services that can make a difference to everyone. And as an independent, not for profit organisation we re able to put all our time and energy into delivering social research that works for society. NatCen Social Research 35 Northampton Square London EC1V 0AX T A Company Limited by Guarantee Registered in England No A Charity registered in England and Wales ( ) and Scotland (SC038454) 2

3 Contents 1 Introduction Background Aims of the research Summary of method Executive Summary of Results Commentary Notes to tables Overview of the workforce Manual occupations Non-manual occupations Main Activity of Company Staff Distribution, Turnover and Recruitment Tables Technical details Sample selection Coverage of sectors in the construction industry The basis for selecting companies Questionnaire Design Data Collection Response rates Data Preparation Potential sources of error Checks on the process Weighting and grossing procedures Comparison with the Labour Force Survey Occupation distribution in LFS and Construction Skills survey Appendix A Survey materials

4 1 Introduction 1.1 Background This is the fourth in a series of surveys that was first conducted in 1998 and repeated in 2001 and This survey sets out to provide information on the numbers of people employed by occupation in the construction industry, including both manual and nonmanual occupations. The 2011 survey was managed by ConstructionSkills and carried out by NatCen Social Research. ConstructionSkills is responsible for ensuring the learning infrastructures across the UK reflect the needs of the industry in terms of quantity, quality and location of training, mode of learning and funding. The results will enhance current information from other surveys, e.g. the Labour Force Survey, by providing information on occupations for which separate qualifications and training exist. They will also provide a basis for analysing skill needs and for planning future training requirements in the construction industry. 1.2 Aims of the research As in earlier years, the main aims of the project were: To obtain estimates of the numbers of people employed by occupational categories which reflect the variety of skills in the industry. To obtain an estimate of the incidence of self-employment. To obtain an estimate of employment by occupation by main sub-sectors and by gender. To estimate the above for various different types of organisation. In 2011, additional questions were included to examine staff distribution, staff turnover and recruitment. 1.3 Summary of method A sample of 2554 companies was drawn from the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR). This is widely considered to be the most comprehensive and accurate database of businesses in the UK. The sampled organisations were asked to report on the size of their workforce under three main headings: employees, trainees, and the self-employed. Each selected company was sent a self-completion questionnaire and was asked to complete it in relation to a specific reference week - w/c 28 th March Organisations were sent a series of reminders and those not responding were then contacted by telephone. The eventual response rate was 26%, yielding a total of 660 questionnaires for processing. The data from these were then grossed up to the total number of 4

5 companies on the original databases, resulting in estimates of the total workforce in those companies as a whole. These procedures are described more fully in Section 5. 5

6 2 Executive Summary of Results This report presents the results of a survey of employment in the construction industry, conducted in Spring 2011 on behalf of ConstructionSkills. The survey was carried out amongst construction companies on the Inter- Departmental Business Register (IDBR), considered to be the most comprehensive and accurate database of businesses in the UK. The total estimated size of the construction industry workforce was around 1.99 million. Around half (49%) of the construction industry workforce were in manual occupations. The largest group of manual workers were Building Services. Similarly, around half (51%) of the workforce were in non-manual occupations. The distribution of the construction workforce across the main occupational groups is summarised in the following table: Occupation Percentage Total Bricklayers 5.6% Total Roofers 2.9% Scaffolders 1.0% Total Floorers 1.2% Total Painters and Decorators 3.9% Total Partition Operatives 1.4% Total Wood Trades 6.2% Total Steel Workers 0.5% Glaziers 1.2% Total Civil Engineering Operatives 2.3% Total Plant Operatives 1.8% Total Building Services 11.0% Total specialist 0.9% Total Modern Methods 0.6% Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives 8.3% TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS 48.7% NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Office Staff 14.5% Managers 9.6% Technicians 5.9% Professionals 21.3% TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS 51.3% Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual 100.0% Unweighted base 99,203 6

7 3 Commentary This section provides the results from the survey detailing the numbers of people employed in the construction industry. It is divided into manual and non-manual occupations and analysed by employment status and gender. The results refer only to the workforce in organisations falling within the scope of this exercise, i.e. those included in SIC 41 (Construction of Buildings), SIC 42 (Civil Engineering), SIC 43 (Specialised Construction Activities), SIC 71 (Architectural and Engineering Activities) and SIC 74 (Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities). 3.1 Notes to tables There were a number of changes to the methodology in 2011 to improve the survey. These should be taken into account when interpreting the findings, particularly when making comparisons with earlier years. 1. The 2011 occupational categories included in the survey differ from those used in Whilst there is a high degree of overlap there are several new categories in manual and non-manual occupations. 2. The 2011 occupational groups differ from earlier years, with occupations being placed in different or new groups that better reflect the nature of the occupations. For example, electricians are included as building services and there is a new occupational group called modern methods that includes many of the emerging green occupations. 3. The 2011 sampling frame also included a higher proportion of organisations, such as architecture and consultancy firms that are likely to be large organisations, with predominantly non-manual staff. This has an impact on the overall number of construction workers as well as the balance of manual and non-manual staff. In addition, despite very similar methodologies, the 2011 survey had a smaller response rate than the surveys carried out in previous years (see Section 5 for more details). One of the main reasons for this is likely to be the economic recession, which was having a significant impact on the construction industry at the time this survey was in the field. Many of the companies surveyed may have been going through redundancies or may even have ceased trading. As well as influencing overall response, the economic climate may also have impacted the types of companies responding to the survey perhaps leading to the balance of manual/ non-manual workers reported below. 3.2 Overview of the workforce We estimate that the overall size of the construction workforce at the time of the survey was 1,994,746. Of these: 49 per cent (1.0 million) were in manual occupations and 51 per cent (1.0 million) were in non-manual occupations 7

8 78 per cent (1.55 million) were employees, 8 per cent (150 thousand) were trainees and 15% per cent(300 thousand million) were self employed 86 per cent (1.7 million) were men and 14 per cent (300 thousand) were women. Table 3.1 gives an overview of the distribution of the workforce across the occupational groups. These groups have been combined into summary groups for analysis purposes. The figures were in fact collected at a more detailed level and these can be found in the reference tables in section 4 (the category number in the left hand column of the table refers to the more detailed categories used in the questionnaire). Around one half of the workforce were in manual occupations, the largest occupational group within this being Building Services. The other half of the workforce were, therefore, in non-manual occupations with relatively high proportions of office staff and managers. Table 3.1 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods % 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base Employers were asked to categorise their workforce according to whether they were employees, trainees or self-employed. These were defined as follows: Employees - were defined to exclude trainees, to avoid double-counting. Trainees - were defined as persons (including apprentices and those on graduate schemes) learning a skill, whose employer had undertaken to provide managerial, administrative, professional, technical, or manual training for a specified period of at least 12 months. Self-employed - were defined to include subcontractors and those employed through a Recruitment Agency. 8

9 Table 3.2 gives an overview of the employment status of the workforce. This distribution was similar for manual and non-manual occupations, with the highest proportions of manual and non manual workers classed as employees. Seventy per cent of manual workers were employees, 25 per cent were self-employed and 5 per cent were trainees. With non-manual workers, 85 per cent were employees, 5 per cent were self-employed and 10 per cent were trainees. Table 3.2 Employment status of the workforce Employment Status Manual Non-manual Total Employees Trainees Self-employed Total Percentage Employees 70% 85% 78% Trainees 5% 10% 8% Self-employed 25% 5% 15% Total 100% 100% 100% Unweighted base Table 3.3 gives an overview of the gender status of the workforce. Women comprised a relatively small proportion of the workforce (14%) in the sectors of the construction industry covered by the survey. Men dominated both the manual and non-manual occupations although the proportion of women in non-manual occupations (25%) was much higher than the proportion in manual occupations (3%). Table 3.3 Gender of the workforce Employment Status Manual Non-manual Total Men Women Total Percentage Men 96.6% 75.3% 85.7% Women 3.4% 24.7% 14.3% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Unweighted base Manual occupations As already noted above, 49 per cent of the construction industry workforce covered by the survey were in manual occupations. Tables show the distribution of the manual workforce classified into Main Trades, Specialist Building Trades, Other Operatives and Building Services. The tables show the number of employees, trainees, self-employed and the overall workforce total as a proportion of all manual occupations. Main Trades accounted for 35 per cent of all manual workers. Twenty-nine per cent of all manual employees, 37 per cent of all manual trainees and 54 per cent of all manual self- 9

10 employed people were employed in Main Trades. With regard to the other manual workforce classifications, 15 per cent of all manual occupations were Specialist Building Trades and 28 per cent were Other Operatives. Twenty three per cent were employed in the Building Services group (which includes electricians and plumbers). Table 3.4 Distribution of the Manual Workforce by occupational group: Main Trades Main trades occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Bricklayers % % % % Cavity Wall Tie Installers % 0 0.0% % % Façade Maintenance/Cleaning % 0 0.0% % % Mason Paivors % % % % Stonemasons % % % % Retractory Engineers % 0 0.0% % % Total Bricklayers % % % % Carpenters and Joiners (benchwork) % % % % Carpenters and Joiners (sitework) % % % % Fitted Interior Contractors % % % % Formworkers % % % % Shopfitters % 0 0.0% % % Wood Machinists % 2 0.0% % % Total Wood Trades % % % % Demountable Partition Erectors % 0 0.0% % % Dry Liners (Finishers) % % % % Dry Liners (Fixers) % % % % Plasterers (F brous) % 2 0.0% % % Plasterers (Solid) % % % % Total Partition Operatives % % % % Commercial Painters % % % % Painters and Decorators % % % % Total Painters and Decorators % % % % Total Main Trades % % % % Total Manual % % % % 10

11 Table 3.5 Distribution of the Manual Workforce by occupational group: Specialist Building Trades Specialist Building Trades occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Built-up Felt Roofers % % % % Leadworker % 0 0.0% % % Liquid Applied Roofers % % % % Mastic Asphalters % % % % Sheeters and Cladders % 0 0.0% % % Single Ply Roofers % % % % Slaters and Tilers % % % % Thatchers % 0 0.0% % % Total Roofers % % % % Glaziers % % % % Access Flooring Installers % 0 0.0% % % Resin Flooring Installers % % % % Floorcoverers, incl. Carpet Fitters % % % % Wall and Floor Tilers % % % % Total Floorers % % % % Ceiling Fixers % % % % Chimney Engineers % 0 0.0% % % Damproofer % 0 0.0% % % Demolition Operatives % % % % Fire Protection % 0 0.0% % % Steeplejacks/Lightening Conductor Engineers 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 6 0.0% 6 0.0% Thermal Insulation Engineers % % % % Total specialist % % % % Scaffolders % % % % Total Specialist Building Trades % % % % Total Manual % % % % 11

12 Table 3.6 Distribution of the Manual Workforce by occupational group: Other operatives Other Operatives occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Steel Erectors/Riggers % % % % Structural Steel Workers % % % % Total Steel Workers % % % % Crane Drivers % 0 0.0% % % Drilling, Tunnelling and Piling Operatives % 0 0.0% % % Plant Mechanics % % % % Slinger/Signaller/Banksman % % % % Plant Operators % % % % Total Plant Operatives % % % % Labourers % % % % General Operatives excl. CE % % % % Maintenance Operatives % % % % Non-construction Operatives % 4 0.0% % % Road Vehicle Drivers % 4 0.0% % % Non-construction operatives and labourers % % % % Asphalters % % % % Concrete Drilling and Sawing % 0 0.0% % % Groundwork and Site Preparation % % % % Road Markers % % % % Jet Patchers and Other % % 0 0.0% % Public Utilities Distribution Operatives % 7 0.0% % % Trackworker/Railwayworkers % % % % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % % % % Solar Panel Installers % % % % Carbon Managers % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% % Panel Wall Systems Installer % 0 0.0% % % Green Systems Installer % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% % Conservation Systems Installer 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Renewable Energy Installers % 0 0.0% % % Total Modern Methods % % % % Total other operatives % % % % Total Manual % % % % 12

13 Table 3.7 Distribution of the Manual Workforce by occupational group: Building Services Other Operatives occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Electricians % % % % Heating and Ventilating Engineers % % % % Plumbers % % % % Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers % % % % Total Building Services % % % % Total Manual % % % % Tables show the numbers of the manual workforce classified into Main Trades, Specialist Building Trades, Other Operatives and Building Services and grouped as above into the 18 summary groups. The percentages given here are as a proportion of their summary group. Table 3.8 Distribution of the Main Trades by occupational group Main trades occupation Number Percentage Unweighted base Bricklayers % 1355 Cavity Wall Tie Installers % 16 Façade Maintenance/Cleaning % 21 Mason Paivors % 163 Stonemasons % 79 Retractory Engineers % 24 Total Bricklayers % 1658 Carpenters and Joiners (benchwork) % 235 Carpenters and Joiners (sitework) % 2574 Fitted Interior Contractors % 106 Formworkers % 82 Shopfitters % 33 Wood Machinists % 30 Total Wood Trades % 3060 Demountable Partition Erectors % 19 Dry Liners (Finishers) % 121 Dry Liners (Fixers) % 130 Plasterers (Fibrous) % 66 Plasterers (Solid) % 363 Total Partition Operatives % 699 Commercial Painters % 341 Painters and Decorators % 1421 Total Painters and Decorators %

14 Table 3.9 Distribution of the Specialist Building Trades by occupational group Specialist building trades occupation Number Percentage Unweighted base Built-up Felt Roofers % 166 Leadworker % 41 Liquid Applied Roofers % 58 Mastic Asphalters % 116 Sheeters and Cladders % 133 Single Ply Roofers % 147 Slaters and Tilers % 325 Thatchers % 6 Total Roofers % 992 Glaziers % 231 Access Flooring Installers % 10 Resin Flooring Installers % 134 Floorcoverers, incl. Carpet Fitters % 358 Wall and Floor Tilers % 256 Total Floorers % 758 Ceiling Fixers % 149 Chimney Engineers % 22 Damproofer % 45 Demolition Operatives % 537 Fire Protection % 40 Steeplejacks/Lightening Conductor Engineers 6 0.0% 4 Thermal Insulation Engineers % 523 Total specialist % 1320 Scaffolders %

15 Table 3.10 Distribution of the Other Operatives by occupational group Other operatives occupation Number Percentage Unweighted base Steel Erectors/Riggers % 614 Structural Steel Workers % 297 Total Steel Workers % 911 Crane Drivers % 196 Drilling, Tunnelling and Piling Operatives % 159 Plant Mechanics % 308 Slinger/Signaller/Banksman % 475 Plant Operators % 1603 Total Plant Operatives % 2741 Labourers % 4000 General Operatives excl. CE % 3893 Maintenance Operatives % 2771 Non-construction Operatives % 1468 Road Vehicle Drivers % 3866 Non-construction operatives and labourers % Asphalters % 469 Concrete Drilling and Sawing % 319 Groundwork and Site Preparation % 2375 Road Markers % 184 Jet Patchers and Other % 279 Public Utilities Distribution Operatives % 876 Trackworker/Railwayworkers % 2058 Total Civil Engineering Operatives % 6642 Solar Panel Installers % 29 Carbon Managers % 14 Panel Wall Systems Installer % 12 Green Systems Installer % 2 Conservation Systems Installer 0 0.0% 0 Renewable Energy Installers % 33 Total Modern Methods % 90 Table 3.11 Distribution of the Building Services by occupational group Building Services occupation Number Percentage Unweighted base Electricians % 954 Heating and Ventilating Engineers % 415 Plumbers % 342 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers % 86 Total Building Services %

16 3.4 Non-manual occupations Table 3.12 shows the distribution of non-manual occupations in the construction industry. Forty-two per cent of non-manual workers were Professionals, for example, Architects, Lawyers, Engineers and Surveyors. Twenty-eight per cent of non-manual workers were Office Staff, with 24 per cent within this group working in Administrative and Clerical Support roles. Nineteen per cent of non-manual workers were in managerial positions this includes General Managers (11%), Contracts Managers (4%) and Site Managers (4%). A further 11 per cent of the non-manual workforce were Technicians. Table 3.12 Distribution of the Non-Manual Workforce by occupational group Non-Manual occupation Number Percentage (of nonmanual occupations) Unweighted base Site Supervisors % 2926 Administrative and Clerical Support % 76 Sales and Customer Services % 110 Total Office Staff % 3112 Contracts Managers % 2381 Site Managers % 3824 General Managers % 0 Total Managers % 6205 Architectural Support % 1437 Building Inspectors % 53 Engineering Technicians % 1003 Surveyors - Estimating Support % 883 Total Technicians % Legal/Business Professionals and Associates % 5234 Engineering Professionals % Architects % 1795 Surveyors, qualified quantity and chartered surveyors % 3352 Town Planners % 178 Total Professionals % TOTAL NON-MANUAL % Table 3.13 shows the non-manual occupational categories split by gender. As in 2005, Administrative staff, within the Office Staff group, was the only occupational category in the construction industry workforce with more women than men. Thirty-two per cent of Office Staff were female, compared with 12 per cent of Managers, 10 per cent of Technicians and 20 per cent of Professionals. Within the Professional group, a high proportion (47%) of Legal/ Business Professionals were also women. 16

17 Table 3.13 Non-Manual occupations by gender Non-Manual occupation Men Women Totals Unweighted base Percentages n Site Supervisors 98.4% 1.6% 100.0% Administrative and Clerical Support 43.6% 56.4% 100.0% Sales and Customer Services 63.3% 36.7% 100.0% Total Office Staff 68.4% 31.6% 100.0% Contracts Managers 94.4% 5.6% 100.0% Site Managers 91.0% 9.0% 100.0% General Managers 78.5% 21.5% 100.0% Total Managers 88.0% 12.0% 100.0% Architectural Support 74.8% 25.2% 100.0% Building Inspectors 95.4% 4.6% 100.0% Engineering Technicians 97.5% 2.5% 100.0% Surveyors - Estimating Support 93.8% 6.2% 100.0% Total Technicians 90.4% 9.6% 100.0% Legal/Business Professionals and Associates 53.1% 46.9% 100.0% Engineering Professionals 92.0% 8.0% 100.0% Architects 81.5% 18.5% 100.0% Surveyors, qualified quantity and chartered surveyors 91.5% 8.5% 100.0% Town Planners 80.6% 19.4% 100.0% Total Professionals 79.7% 20.3% 100.0% TOTAL NON-MANUAL 75.30% 24.70% %

18 The distribution of the non-manual female workforce is examined in Table This shows that 55 per cent of all female non-manual workers were in Administrative and Clerical Support roles (49 per cent of the total female work force, including manual occupations). Table 3.14 Distribution of the female workforce Non-Manual occupation Number Percentage of nonmanual women Percentage of total women Site Supervisors % 0.2% Administrative and Clerical Support % 48.5% Sales and Customer Services % 2.1% Total Office Staff % 50.8% Contracts Managers % 0.8% Site Managers % 1.3% General Managers % 8.1% Total Managers % 10.2% Architectural Support % 6.0% Building Inspectors % 0.0% Engineering Technicians % 0.3% Surveyors - Estimating Support % 0.3% Total Technicians % 6.6% Legal/Business Professionals and Associates % 5.7% Engineering Professionals % 4.8% Architects % 6.7% Surveyors, qualified quantity and chartered surveyors % 3.4% Town Planners % 0.2% Total Professionals % 20.8% TOTAL NON-MANUAL WOMEN % 88.40% TOTAL MANUAL WOMEN % TOTAL WOMEN % 18

19 3.5 Main Activity of Company Companies were asked two questions about the main activity of their company and the main type of work done by the company. The two questions were: Please state which of these activities your company is mainly engaged in? House building, Non-residential building or Civil Engineering. And what form does the work your company does mainly take? New Build or Repair and Maintenance. Table 3.15 shows the distribution of employees, trainees and the self-employed within the house building, non-residential and civil engineering sectors of the construction industry and by whether the company within that sector is mainly new build or repair and maintenance. Counts are not available for companies where the main activity or main form of work is not known or for companies who specified more than one main activity. Thirty-eight per cent of workers were working for companies whose main activity was House Building. A slightly higher proportion (41%) were working for companies whose main activity was Non-Residential Building, while 21 per cent were working for companies whose main activity was Civil Engineering. Forty-six per cent of workers were working for companies defining themselves as New Build companies, compared with 54 per cent defining themselves as Repair and Maintenance. Table 3.15 Number of workers within different sectors of the construction industry House building Non-residential Building Civil Engineering Total New build Repair and maintenance Total New Build 17.9% 19.4% 8.5% 45.9% Repair and Maintenance 20.1% 21.2% 12.8% 54.1% Total 38.0% 40.7% 21.3% 100.0% The following tables (3.16 to 3.21) show counts of employees, trainees and the selfemployed in the construction industry for each activity and whether that activity is either mainly new build or repair and maintenance. Because these tables are based on smaller sub-samples of responding companies, the unweighted base of companies is also shown underneath each table. 19

20 The ratio of manual to non-manual workers varied by main activity and main form of work, as shown in the table below: Summary: Percentage of manual and non-manual workers, by main and main form of work of company Main form of work Main activity New Build Repair and Maintenance or Refurbishment % manual % non manual % manual % non manual House building 54.6% 45.4% 79.4% 20.6% Non residential building 44.9% 55.1% 62.2% 37.8% Civil Engineering 4.7% 95.3% 24.0% 76.0% The split of manual and non-manual workers varied according to main activity (i.e. house building, non-residential building or civil engineering) and main form of work (i.e. new build or repair or maintenance). For example, for house building companies involved in new build, 44 per cent worked in manual occupations and 56 per cent worked in nonmanual occupations, compared with 77 per cent and 23 per cent respectively for house building companies involved in repair and maintenance. Table 3.16 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (House Build and New Build companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods % 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base

21 Table 3.17: Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (House Build and Repair and Maintenance companies) Table 3.17 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (House Build and Repair and Maintenance companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods % 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base 6083 For non-residential companies involved in new build, 25 per cent were in manual occupations and 75 per cent were in non-manual occupations. By contrast, for those non-residential companies involved in repair and maintenance, 57 per cent worked in manual occupations and 43 per cent in non-manual occupations. For civil engineering companies involved in new build, 28 per cent were in manual occupations and 72 per cent were in non-manual occupations, while for those involved in repair and maintenance these proportions were 42 per cent and 58 per cent respectively. 21

22 Table 3.18: Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Non-residential and New Build companies) Table 3.18 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Non-residential and New Build companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods % 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base

23 Table 3.19: Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Non-residential and Repair and Maintenance companies) Table 3.19 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Non-residential and Repair and Maintenance companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods 0 0.0% 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base

24 Table 3.20: Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Civil Engineering and New Build companies) Table 3.20 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Civil Engineering and New Build companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers 0 0.0% Total Painters and Decorators 9 0.0% Total Partition Operatives 0 0.0% Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers 0 0.0% Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods 0 0.0% 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base

25 Table 3.21: Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Civil Engineering and Repair and Maintenance companies) Table 3.21 Distribution of the Workforce by occupational group (Civil Engineering and Repair and Maintenance companies) Survey Category Occupation 1-6 Total Bricklayers % 7-14 Total Roofers % 15 Scaffolders % Total Floorers % Total Painters and Decorators % Total Partition Operatives % Total Wood Trades % Total Steel Workers % 35 Glaziers % Total Civil Engineering Operatives % Total Plant Operatives % Total Building Services % Total specialist % Total Modern Methods 0 0.0% 77, 79, Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives % TOTAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS Total Construction Professionals and Technical % 76, 78, 80, 84 Total Support Staff % TOTAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS % Overall Total: Manual and Nonmanual % Unweighted base

26 3.6 Staff Distribution, Turnover and Recruitment In 2011, three new questions were introduced to establish staff distribution, turnover and recruitment. Each organisation was asked to indicate: the percentage of staff who worked mainly on site and in the office. the percentage of the annual turnover accounted for by on site and by office staff; and the percentage of on-site and office staff recruited locally (within 25 miles of the organisation), regionally (within 75 miles of the organisation) and nationally (from elsewhere in the UK). The number of staff was then established for each category. Table 3.22 shows staff distribution and turnover and Table 3.23 shows the distribution of staff recruited locally, regionally and nationally. Table 3.22 Distribution of staff and annual turnover On site In office Overall total Number % Number % Number Staff distr bution (% of staff based mainly on site/ in office) % % Unweighted base Turnover (% of annual turnover on site/ in office) % % Unweighted base Table 3.23 Recruitment of on site and office based staff Recruitment area On site In office Total Local recruitment (<25 miles) Regional recruitment (<75 miles) National recruitment (elsewhere in UK) Percentages Local recruitment (<25 miles) 51.2% 33.2% 84.4% Regional recruitment (<75 miles) 7.3% 2.6% 10.0% National recruitment (elsewhere in UK) 4.5% 1.2% 5.7% 63.0% 37.0% 100.0% Unweighted base

27 4 Tables Table 4.1: Total Numbers by Occupational Category Table 4.1 Total Numbers by Occupational Category (page 1 of 3) Survey Category Occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Men Women Men Women Men Women Overall Total Unweight'd Base MANUAL OCCUPATIONS 1 Bricklayers Cavity Wall Tie Installers Façade Maintenance/Cleaning Mason Paivors Stonemasons Retractory Engineers Total Bricklayers Built-up Felt Roofers Leadworker Liquid Applied Roofers Mastic Asphalters Sheeters and Cladders Single Ply Roofers Slaters and Tilers Thatchers Total Roofers Scaffolders Access Flooring Installers Resin Flooring Installers Floorcoverers/ Carpet Fitters Wall and Floor Tilers Total Floorers Commercial Painters Painters and Decorators Total Painters/ Decorators Demountable Partition Erectors Dry Liners (Finishers) Dry Liners (Fixers) Plasterers (Fibrous) Plasterers (Solid) Total Partition Operatives Carpenters/Joiners (benchw'k) Carpenters/Joiners (sitew'k) Fitted Interior Contractors Formworkers Shopfitters Wood Machinists Total Wood Trades

28 Table 4.1 Total Numbers by Occupational Category (page 2 of 3) Survey Category Occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Men Women Men Women Men Women Overall Total Unweight'd Base 33 Steel Erectors/Riggers Structural Steel Workers Total Steel Workers Glaziers Asphalters Concrete Drilling and Sawing Groundwork and Site Prep Road Markers Jet Patchers and Other Public Utilities Distribution Op's Trackworker/Railwayworkers Total Civil Engineering Op's Crane Drivers Drilling, Tunnelling/ Piling Op's Plant Mechanics Slinger/Signaller/Banksman Plant Operators Total Plant Operatives Electricians Heating and Vent. Engineers Plumbers Refrigeration/ Air Con. Engin'rs Total Building Services Ceiling Fixers Chimney Engineers Damproofer Demolition Operatives Fire Protection Steeplejacks/Lighten'g Cond. Eng Thermal Insulation Engineers Total specialist Solar Panel Installers Carbon Managers Panel Wall Systems Installer Green Systems Installer Conservation Systems Installer Renewable Energy Installers Total Modern Methods

29 Table 4.1 Total Numbers by Occupational Category (page 3 of 3) Survey Category Occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Men Women Men Women Men Women Overall Total Unweight'd Base 77 Labourers General Operatives excl. CE Maintenance Operatives Non-construction Operatives Road Vehicle Drivers Total labourers and nonconstruction operatives TOTAL MANUAL NON-MANUAL OCCUPATIONS 65 Architects Architectural Support Building Inspectors Contracts Managers Engineering Professionals Engineering Technicians Site Managers Site Supervisors Surveyors, qual. quant/ chart Surveyors - Estimating Supp't Town Planners Total Construct'n Prof/ Tech General Managers Administrative/Clerical Supp't Legal/Business Prof & Assoc Sales and Customer Services Total Support Staff TOTAL NON-MANUAL TOTAL MANUAL & NON- MANUAL Unweighted Base

30 Table 4.2: Occupational Category by Employment Status Table 4.2 Occupational Category by Employment Status (page 1 of 3) Survey Category Occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Unwt'd Base Number % Number % Number % Number % MANUAL OCCUPATIONS 1 Bricklayers Cavity Wall Tie Installers Façade Maintenance/Cleaning Mason Paivors Stonemasons Retractory Engineers Total Bricklayers Built-up Felt Roofers Leadworker Liquid Applied Roofers Mastic Asphalters Sheeters and Cladders Single Ply Roofers Slaters and Tilers Thatchers Total Roofers Scaffolders Access Flooring Installers Resin Flooring Installers Floorcoverers/ Carpet Fitters Wall and Floor Tilers Total Floorers Commercial Painters Painters and Decorators Total Painters/ Decorators Demountable Partition Erectors Dry Liners (Finishers) Dry Liners (Fixers) Plasterers (F brous) Plasterers (Solid) Total Partition Operatives Carpenters/Joiners (benchw'k) Carpenters/Joiners (sitew'k) Fitted Interior Contractors Formworkers Shopfitters Wood Machinists Total Wood Trades

31 Table 4.2 Occupational Category by Employment Status (page 2 of 3) Survey Category Occupation Employees Trainees Self-employed Overall Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Unwt'd Base 33 Steel Erectors/Riggers Structural Steel Workers Total Steel Workers Glaziers Asphalters Concrete Drilling and Sawing Groundwork and Site Prep Road Markers Jet Patchers and Other Public Utilities Distribution Op's Trackworker/Railwayworkers Total Civil Engineering Op's Crane Drivers Drilling, Tunnelling/ Piling Op's Plant Mechanics Slinger/Signaller/Banksman Plant Operators Total Plant Operatives Electricians Heating and Vent. Engineers Plumbers Refrigeration/ Air Con. Engin'rs Total Building Services Ceiling Fixers Chimney Engineers Damproofer Demolition Operatives Fire Protection Steeplejacks/Lighten'g Cond. Eng Thermal Insulation Engineers Total specialist Solar Panel Installers Carbon Managers Panel Wall Systems Installer Green Systems Installer Conservation Systems Installer Renewable Energy Installers Total Modern Methods