DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WATER TANK BY USING STAAD PRO SOFTWARE

Transcription

1 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WATER TANK BY USING STAAD PRO SOFTWARE B.V.RAMANA MURTHY, M CHIRANJEEVI ABSTRACT Water tanks are the storage containers for storing water. Elevated water tanks are constructed in order to provide required head so that the water will flow under the influence of gravity the construction practice of water tanks is as old as civilized man. The water tanks project have a great priority as it serves drinking water for huge population from major metropolitan cities to the small population living in towns and villages. The mini project is conducted for a period of 15 days from to to have complete practical knowledge of various techniques and problems faced in the field. A different topic like Construction Aspects, Design Parameters, Details of Formwork, Details of reinforcement, Process of Water Treatment Plant and Execution have been dealt with in the course of our mini project. INTRODUCTION Water tanks are storage containers of water; these tanks are usually storing water for human consumption. The need for water tanks is old as civilized man. Water tanks provide for the storage of drinking water potable, irrigation, agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming and live stoke, chemical manufacturing, food preparation and many other applications. Various materials are used for constructing water tanks; plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene, fiberglass, and concrete, steel (welded or bolted, carbon or stainless). Earthen ponds are designed for water storage is also often referred to tanks. Ground water tank is made of lined carbon steel, it may receive water from well or surface water allowing a large volume of water to be placed in inventory and used during peak demand cycles. Very large water tanks may be Elevated IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 1

2 water tanks by elevating water tank, the increase elevation creates a distribution pressure at the tank outlet. The profile of water tanks begins with the application parameters, thus the type of materials used and the design of water tank was dictated by these variables: 1. Location of the water tank (indoors, outdoors, above ground or underground). 2. Volume of water tank need to hold. 3. What the water will be used for? 4. Temperature of area where will be stored, concern for freezing. 5. Pressure required delivering water. 6. How the water to be delivers to the water tank. 7. Wind and earthquake design considerations allow water tanks to survive seismic and high wind events. Throughout history, wood, ceramic and stone have been used as water tanks. These were all naturally occurring and manmade and some tanks are still in service. There are many custom configurations that include various rectangular cubes shaped tanks, cone bottom and special shapes for specific design requirements. A functional water tank/container should do no harm to the water is susceptible to a number of ambient negative influences, including bacteria, viruses, algae, changes in ph, and accumulation of minerals. Correctly designed water tank systems work to mitigate these negative effects DESIGN ASPECTS OF THE OVER HEAD TANK Number of over head tanks Urban water systems should have at least one elevated tank for each of the areas. Two tanks (or a tank with two compartments) are desirable to improve reliability and pump control during times when one tank is out of service for inspection, cleaning, painting, or other maintenance. The height of an elevated tank determines the IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 2

3 maximum water pressure available in the part of the distribution system connected to the tank. The town is divided into number of zones with independent storage tanks to facilitate effective and equitable water distribution. Location of the over head tanks The location of the over head tanks is of importance for regulating the pressure in importance for regulating the pressure in the water distribution system. The storage tank is generally located at the highest point and as far as possible at the centre of the distribution area. The topography of a water distribution area is an important consideration in system design and type of storage facilities to be incorporated into a water supply system. In some cases, ground level storage systems can be sited at higher elevations (on hills), allowing for gravity supply to all or portions of a distribution area or pressure zone. Storage tanks at higher elevation can also take advantage of topographic features to reduce height requirements of EOHT and provide wider pressure zone coverage. Elevation of the over head tank In order to maintain the minimum residual pressure in the distribution system, the elevation of the L.W.L of the storage reservoir should be fixed consistent with the provision of economic sizes of pipes in the distribution network. The LWL of the over tank is fixed considering the following aspects. 1. The minimum residual pressure to be maintained in the distribution system, 2. The G.L at the farthest point in the distribution system and its distance from the service reservoir, 3. The G.L at the highest elevation in the distribution system other than the location of the over head tank; and 4. The approximate loss of head due to friction over the distance to the farthest point from the over head tank. The LWL of the over head tank should be greatest of the following: 1. G.L at the farthest point plus minimum residual pressure to be maintained plus the frictional loss in IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 3

4 the pipeline between over head tank and the farthest point; or 2. G.L at the highest elevation in the distribution zone plus minimum residual pressure 3. plus the frictional loss in the pipeline between over head tank and the location of the highest elevation. The staging height is the difference in elevation between the LWL of the service reservoir and the GL of the location of the over head tank. During the span of more 8 years, the group has successfully completed several small, medium and Mega size R.C.C civil construction projects catering to individual, Private Industrial and Government Civil Construction Projects. With a Qualified Team of professional we have executed several projects and have an experience of completing the project in the time and cost frame given to us by our clients. With Time Viswa Infrastructure also diversified in Construction field with also providing designing And also repair work of Over tanks and also stepped into conduction of Tar and Cement Roads, We also Cater to all General Civil Construction Projects Like Residential Construction like residential houses and Multi Storied buildings.. OVERHEAD RCC TANK CONSTUCTION We were selected as Consultants for the design of the overhead tank through competitive bidding for various projects. Our services involved architecture and well as RCC design of the Tank, Specifications, bill of quantities and tender documents, selection of contractor, project monitoring and supervision, laying down safety standards and ensuring that they are met, bill checking and certification. The height of the tank is 15mt from ground level to 40 Mt of capacities 100 to 3500 KL. The roles involved in R.C.C overhead tank construction are design, construction, testing, and commissioning of a Composite elevated tank and related work in including foundations, painting and appurtenances. Some Of the Steps taken By Us for Execution All Construction Projects is -Surveying IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 4

5 -Design of water requirements and water distribution system -Preparation of drawing of overhead tank -Material estimating and costing -Specifications Technical report writing Foundation (engineering) A foundation (also called a groundsill) is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Contents : Foundation types (a) Shallow Foundation (b) Deep foundation (c) Base-isolating foundation (d)monopole foundation. 2 Designs Foundation types (a) Shallow foundation Shallow foundation is, usually, embedded a meter or so into soil. One common type is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other material) which extend below the frost line and transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock. Another common type is the slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the building is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface. (b) Deep foundation A deep foundation is used to transfer a load from a structure through an upper weak layer of soil to a stronger deeper layer of soil. There are different types of deep foundations including helical piles, impact driven piles, drilled shafts, caissons, piers, and earth stabilized columns. The naming conventions for different types of foundations vary between different engineers. Historically, piles were wood, later steel, reinforced concrete, and pretensioned concrete. (c) Basic isolated foundation Base-isolating foundation, also known as seismic or base IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 5

6 isolation system is a collection of structural elements which is intended to substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground thus protecting a building or nonbuilding structure s integrity during a potentially devastating earthquake. The base-isolating foundation design is believed to be a powerful tool of contemporary earthquake engineering pertaining to the passive structural vibration control technologies. Design Foundations are designed to have an adequate load capacity with limited settlement by a geotechnical engineer, and the foundation itself is designed structural engineer. The primary design concerns are settlement and bearing capacity. When considering settlement, total settlement and differential settlement is normally considered. Differential settlement is when one part of a foundation settles more than another part. This can cause problems to the structure the foundation is supporting. It is necessary that foundation is not loaded beyond its bearing capacity or the foundation will fail. Other design considerations include scour and frost heave. Scour is when flowing water removes supporting soil from around a foundation (like a pier supporting a bridge over a river). Frost heave occurs when water in the ground freezes to form ice lenses. Changes in soil moisture can cause expansive clay to swell and shrink. This swelling can vary across the footing due to seasonal changes or the effects of vegetation removing moi8sture. The variation in swell can cause the soil to distort, cracking the structure over it. This is a particular problem for house footings in the semi-arid climates such as South Australia, Southwestern US, Turkey, Israel, Iran and South Africa where wet winters are followed by hot dry summers. Raft slabs with inherent stiffness have been developed in Australia with capabilities to resist this movement. When structures are built in areas of Permafrost, special consideration must be given to the thermal effect the structure will have on the permafrost. Generally, the structure is designed in a way that tries to prevent the permafrost from melting. IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 6

7 Conclusion Water tanks are considered to be expensive; but they are constructed to reach present and future population. They are considered to highly economical and safely store the portable water. Water can be distributed to number of houses, Industries and public places by means of a network of a distribution system. Thus water tanks are considered to be supporting systems and useful for the society. In circular tanks, as height increases as side wall thickness also increases and roof slab and floor slab depth decreases. Circular tanks are economical for moderate capacities. S.S. BHAVIKATTI M.R DHEERENDRA BABU REFERENCE INDIAN STANDARD-PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE CODE OF PRACTICE IS IS 3370 (PART 1-4) IS 875 SP-16 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES S. RAMAMRUTHAN B.C. PUNMIA DAYARATNAM KRISHNA RAJU LIMIT STATE DESIGN IJCSIET-ISSUE6-VOLUME1-SERIES3 Page 7