ASSESSMENT OF ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR DURABILITY

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_06_133 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ASSESSMENT OF ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR DURABILITY Abhijit Warudkar Research Scholar, School of Mechanical and Building Science, VIT, Chennai Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ICOER, Pune Dr. S Elavenil Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Science, VIT, Chennai Dr. A Arunkumar Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Science, VIT, Chennai ABSTRACT The experimental study herein is intended to ascertain abrasion resistance of a concrete pavement to abrasive force. Durability of concrete pavement can be assessed effectively by measuring its abrasion resistance. The testing program involves 12 concrete testing specimens using six grades of concrete viz. M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40 as per IS Each specimen (size 600X600X150 mm) representing concrete pavement is tested for abrasion on both sides, after curing for 28 days. ASTM C799/C799M-05, Revolving Disks testing concept is used to fabricate machine and to measure abrasion resistance of varying compressive strength of concrete. Abrasion on concrete surface by abrasive force is observed as wear depth by micrometer with least count of 0.01 mm. The test results show that abrasion resistance of concrete is increased as the compressive strength of concrete increases. This work leads to assess the durability of concrete pavement by measuring abrasion resistance also intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportion, finishing and surface treatment. Test is not intended to provide measurement of service life of concrete pavement. Test procedure is convenient to conduct on site testing also. Keyword: Concrete pavement, Abrasion, Compressive Strength Cite this Article: Abhijit Warudkar, Dr. S Elavenil and Dr. A Arunkumar, Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Concrete Pavement for Durability, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(6), 2018, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Concrete Pavement for Durability 1. INTRODUCTION Over the last few years, India s infrastructure system has grown up tremendously in order to accommodate the growth of road network including expressway, national highway, major district road, rural and other roads. India is having 33 lakh km (approximately) of road network. Abrasion occurs due to heavy traffic on road which prone to deterioration of concrete pavement. Repairs and replacement of concrete pavement needed due to its deterioration. Deterioration shows poor abrasion resistance of concrete. Abrasion resistance may be defined as the ability of concrete surface to resist being worn away by abrasive force actions like rubbing, cutting, sliding and impact forces. Abrasion resistance of concrete pavement is influenced by many factors such as compressive strength of concrete, aggregate properties, water-cement ratio, surface finish, type of hardener, etc. Literature shows that [9], surface particles are fractured due to abrasive force. Compressive strength of concrete is key factor to resist from fracture or abrasion. This study is an attempt to relate abrasion resistance of concrete to its compressive strength and to ascertain value of abrasion resistance for varying compressive strength of concrete. 2. BACKGROUND OF ABRASION RESISTANCE Concrete surface exposed to weather condition and traffic which leads to abrasion. Following are some of abrasion tests normally conducted worldwide. 1. ASTM C779/779M-05, Standard test method for Abrasion Resistance of horizontal concrete surface. 2. ASTM C 418 (Sand blasting) 3. ASTM C 944 (Rotating cutter method) 4. IS: (Reaffirmed 2002), Method of Test for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete For the purpose of this study, we have used concept of ASTM C779/779M-05, procedure- A, Revolving disk. The reasons for selection of this method are as given below. 1. Machine operates various abrasive forces. 2. Evaluate the effects of abrasion resistance, concrete material, curing and finishing procedure. 3. The number of revolution given is the representative of duration under traffic loading. 4. Used for quality acceptance of product. 5. Machine is portable and thus suitable for laboratory and field testing. 3. MATERIAL USED AND PROPORTION Ordinary Portland Cement (53 grade) having specific gravity of 3.15, the coarse aggregate with nominal maximum size of 20 mm, river sand as fine aggregate are used as ingredients of concrete. Detail properties of coarse and fine aggregate are as given in Table 1 and mix design is undertaken (Table 2) as per IS: Table 1 Properties of Coarse and fine Aggregate Sr. No. Properties Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate 1 Sieve Analysis Satisfying the grading of aggregate as per IS: Silt Content % 3 Specific Gravity under grading zone I as per IS: editor@iaeme.com

3 Abhijit Warudkar, Dr. S Elavenil and Dr. A Arunkumar Mix design ranging from M20 to M40 as per given in Table 2 with their compressive strengths. Sr. No. Designed strength Table 2 Concrete Mix Proportion and strength Watercement ratio Cement: Fine Aggregate: coarse aggregate Average strength of 7 days (N/mm2) Average strength of 28 days (N/mm2) 1 M (1):(1.38):(3.17) M (1):(1.18):(2.62) M (1):(0.95):(2.24) M (1):(0.83):(1.97) M (1):(0.60):(1.93) EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP & TEST PROGRAM Design of experimental setup was done as per ASTM C779/C779M-05 standard. Details of machine are as mentioned below. Rotating ram 270 mm radius, Diameter of rotating wheel mm, Thickness of wheel 21 mm, Diameter of vertical shaft mm, Electrical motor of 0.5 Hp Revolutions per minute (rpm) 34 to 36 Weights 15 kg. Concrete specimens of 600mmX600mmX150mm were casted for performing abrasion resistance test. Initial observations were made by running machine for 5 minutes to remove the surface irregularities. Measurements were obtained to an accuracy of 0.01 mm by making series of eight observations on circular path at 450 each. Measurements were taken at fixed eight locations on the specimen with the help of micrometer after 525, 1050, 1575 and 2100 revolutions. Surface of specimen was cleaned before each set of reading. After 1050 and 1575 revolutions, 15 kg weight was added on each wheel subsequently. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Average abrasion depth of eight different points on the concrete pavement surface is as given in Table 3. Sr. No. Table 3 Results of Abrasion Testing Results of Abrasion Testing Grade Specimen No Side Initial Readings Abrasion After nos. of Revolutions (mm) A B A B Average F.R-I.R A B A B editor@iaeme.com

4 Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Concrete Pavement for Durability Average F.R-I.R A B A B Average F.R-I.R A B A B Average F.R-I.R A B A B Average F.R-I.R Effect of Compressive strength on Abrasion Effects of number of revolution on abrasion depth at different compressive strengths of concrete are given in Fig 1. It was observed that abrasion depth for all grades of concrete were in the range of 0.11 mm to 0.13 mm for 525 numbers of revolutions. It was observed that abrasion depth deceases from M20 to M30 grade of concrete and increased at M35 for 1050, 1575 and 2100 revolutions respectively. This might be due to error in local workmanship but general the trend is that as the grade of concrete increases the abrasion depth decreases. Abrasion depth was less for M40 grade of concrete for all revolutions. Figure 1 Effect of Compressive strength on Abrasion 5.2. Comparison of Abrasion Value for 1050 Revolution Fig. 2 shows that abrasion of M20 grade of concrete with loading was higher than abrasion without loading whereas for all other grades it was less. Abrasion of M25, M30 and M35 were in the range of 0.2 mm for with and without loading. Abrasion for M40 without loading was slightly lesser than M35 but abrasion for M40 which was very less in the range of 0.08 mm. Figure 2 Comparison of Abrasion with and without Loading editor@iaeme.com

5 Abhijit Warudkar, Dr. S Elavenil and Dr. A Arunkumar 5.3. Abrasion Performance Fig. 3 illustrates the performance of abrasion value against number of revolutions. The abrasion values were varied from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm. Abrasion depth was increased with increase in number of revolution for all grades of concrete. Nature of abrasion of M20 was suddenly increased as loading and number of revolution increased, whereas, M25 and M35 grades were abraded with same rate of abrasion. Abrasion of M40 grade of concrete at 1575 to 2100 revolutions ranges from 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. M40 grade of concrete is effective against the abrasion. Figure 3 Performance of Abrasion 6. CONCLUSION The following conclusions are drawn from experimental results: Abrasion of concrete pavement mainly influenced by testing duration and compressive strength. Abrasion resistance of concrete is increased as compressive strength of concrete pavement increases. A generalized thought could be given to the concept of conversion of number of revolutions of wheels and number of days the pavement is used under varying traffic condition. Knowing the grade of concrete one can predict the abrasion of concrete for the predefined duration. REFERENCES [1] IS 383: 1970, Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete [2] IS 456: 1982, Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of practices [3] IS 1343: 1980, Code of Practices for Prestressed Concrete [4] IS 10262: 1982, Recommendation Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design [5] Nader Ghafoori, M. ASCE and Matthew W. Tays, (2007). Abrasion resistance of Early- Opening-to-traffic portlande cement concrete pavements, ASCE, Journal of Material in Civil Engineering,vol. 19, No. 11. [6] P. Laplante, P.C. Aitcin, and D. vezina. (February, 2002). Abrasion resistance of concrete ASCE, Journal of Materials in civil engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1, [7] Tarun R. Naik, Shiw S. Singh, and Bruce W. Ramme. (October 1, 2002). Effect of sources of fly ash on Abrasion Resistance of Concrete ASCE, Journal of Materials in civil engineering, Vol. 14, No. 5. [8] A. Ramezanianpour A. Haghollahi, A., A., R.P., Modeling Abrasion Resistance of Concrete Floors. Quartarly Journal of Technology and Education, 1 (1), [9] ACI, ACI 201.2R-01 Guide to Durable Concrete reported by ACI Committee 201. ACI Committee 201. [10] Apostoaia, R. and Pena, J., Comparative Study of the Abrasion Resistance. In: Ilin.Asee.Org editor@iaeme.com

6 Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Concrete Pavement for Durability [11] ASTM, C Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting. American Society for Testing and Materials. [12] ASTM, C779/C779M-12 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal Concrete Surfaces. American Society for Testing Materials. [13] ASTM, C Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method. American Society for Testing and Materials. [14] ASTM, C Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete (Underwater Method). American Society for Testing and Materials, 1 4. [15] British Cement Association, Concrete for industrial floors. [16] Bruce, S.M., Rowe, G.H., and Zealand, N., Assessment of Astm C for Measuring the Abrasion Resistance. PAVE 92, editor@iaeme.com