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1 Code No: RT41015 R13 Set No. 1 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS 1. a) What is active remote sensing? [4] b) What is digital image processing? [4] c) Define GIS. [4] d) Define overlay function. [4] e) Which sensors are useful for land use/ land cover studies? [3] f) What are the GIS layers developed for ground water potential zoning mapping? [3] 2. a) What is electromagnetic spectrum? Explain with a neat sketch. [8] b) List out the important satellites and their sensors. [8] 3. a) What are image interpretation keys? Explain. [8] b) Explain the methods of image classification. [8] 4. a) Explain map projections. [8] b) Classify data in GIS context and explain spatial data editing. [8] 5. a) Explain the importance of overlaying index methods in GIS. [8] b) What is network analysis? Explain its uses. [8] 6. a) Explain crop inventory using remote sensing. [8] b) Give the details of the sensor requirements for forestry applications. [8] 7. a) What are the GIS layers developed for watershed characterization? Explain. [8] b) Mention the specific resolution needs in flood zone mapping and discuss the methodology used in such studies. [8] 1 of 1

2 Code No: RT41015 R13 Set No. 2 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS 1. a) What is spectral signature? [4] b) List out the methods of image classification. [4] c) Define map projection. [4] d) What is vector overlay operation? [4] e) Write the sensor specifications for crop inventory. [3] f) What are the GIS layers developed for flood zoning mapping? [3] 2. a) Which portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are of particular interest in Remote [8] Sensing? Explain. b) What are the bands and their uses of Landsat ETM? [8] 3. a) What are image interpretation elements? Explain. [8] b) Give comparison between visual interpretation and image classification. [8] 4. a) What is the importance of map projections in GIS? Explain. [8] b) Give the details of vector data structure and mention its merits and demerits in comparison with raster data. [8] 5. a) What is raster overlay operation? Explain. [8] b) Discuss overlay using a decision table. [8] 6. a) Which sensors are useful for land use/ land cover studies? [8] b) How do you conduct crop inventory using remote sensing data? Explain. [8] 7. a) What are the GIS layers developed for groundwater potential zoning mapping? [8] b) Discuss the remote sensing approach for conducting groundwater pollution studies. [8] 1 of 1

3 Code No: RT41015 R13 Set No. 3 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS 1. a) Name the latest sensors of Indian Remote sensing satellites. [4] b) What is radiometric correction? [4] c) Give the details of UTM projection. [4] d) What is raster overlay operation? [4] e) List out the remote sensing requirements for forestry applications? [3] f) What are the data layers generated from remote sensing for groundwater targeting? 2. a) Explain about EMR s interaction with earth s surface. [8] b) What are the sensors and their uses of IRS P6? [8] [3] 3. a) Explain supervised classification. [8] b) Discuss the process for carrying out visual interpretation. [8] 4. a) Give the details of the important map projections applicable to Indian regions. [8] b) Explain raster data structures and its types. [8] 5. a) What is vector overlay operation? Explain. [8] b) Write about conditional expressions in spatial analysis. [8] 6. a) Write the special needs of sensors for geological studies. [8] b) What are the remote sensing requirements for land use/ land cover mapping? [8] 7. a) How remote sensing is useful in watershed management? Explain. [8] b) Give an account on satellite data requirements for flood zone mapping? [8] 1 of 1

4 Code No: RT41015 R13 Set No. 4 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS 1. a) What is push broom scanning? [4] b) What is geometric correction? [4] c) Name the important spheroids used for map projections in GIS. [4] d) What is optimal path finding? [4] e) Name the sensors useful for geological studies. [3] f) What are the GIS layers developed for watershed characterization? [3] 2. a) Explain about EMR s interaction with atmosphere. [8] b) What are the sensors and their uses of cartosat? [8] 3. a) What is image rectification? Explain. [8] b) Define and explain image enhancement. [8] 4. a) Define i) spheroid ii) datum iii) latitude iv) Meridian [8] b) Give comparison between vector and raster data structures. [8] 5. a) What is optimal path finding? Explain. [8] b) Write about uses of logical operators in spatial analysis. [8] 6. a) Write the sensor specifications for crop inventory. [8] b) What are the remote sensing requirements for forestry applications? [8] 7. a) Discuss remote sensing approach for flood zoning mapping? [8] b) List out and explain the essential data input layers generated from remote sensing for groundwater potential zoning. [8] 1 of 1

5 Code No: RT41014 R13 Set No. 1 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - II 1. a) List the crop seasons and discuss them. [3] b) What are different types of canals. c) Define a canal outlet. Discuss any one type. d) What is a fish ladder? e) What is a limiting height of a gravity dam? f) What are the types of spillways? 2. a) Define duty and delta and derive the relation between them. [8] b) Find the frequency of irrigation for the following data Field capacity : 27% Wilting point : 14% Density of soil : 1.5 g/cm 3 Root zone depth : 75 cm Daily consumptive use : 11 mm [8] 3. a) Discuss design principle of a channel using Lacey s method. [8] b) Design an irrigation channel based on Kennedy s theory with the following details Discharge : 60 cumec Bed Slope : 1 in 6000 Critical Velocity Ratio m : 1.05 Rugosity coefficient : 0.02 [8] [3] [4] [4] [4] [4] 1 of 2

6 R13 Set No. 1 Code No: RT a) How are the cross drainage works classified? Discuss them with neat diagrams. [8] b) Bring out features of a river training work. [8] 5. A weir on a permeable foundation is present as noted below. Find the uplift pressures at EDC using Khosla s curves. [16] 6. A masonry dam 10 m high is trapezoidal in section with a top width of 1m and bottom width of 8.25m. The upstream face has a batter of 1:10. The water is stored up to 10m height. There is no downstream water. Find the factor of safety against overturning. Consider water force, self weight and full uplift pressure. Assume unit weight of masonry and water suitably. [16] 7. a) Discuss the classification of earth dams in detail with neat sketches. [8] b) List out different types of spillway gates and discuss them with neat diagrams. [8] 2 of 2

7 Code No: RT41014 R13 Set No. 2 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - II 1. a) List the principal crops in India and discuss them. [3] b) Differentiate between ridge canal and contour canal. [3] c) Define a cross drainage work. Discuss any one type. [4] d) List the types of diversion head works. [4] e) Explain how force due to waves in a reservoir can be found? [4] f) Discuss ogee spillway. [4] 2. a) What are the different types of irrigation? Discuss them in detail. [8] b) After how many days will supply the irrigation water for the following field data Field capacity : 29% Wilting point : 12% Density of soil : 1.5 g/cm 3 Root zone depth : 1.5 cm Daily consumptive use : 15 mm [8] 3. a) Discuss the design principles of channels by Kennydy s and Lacey s methods. [8] b) Design an irrigation channel for the following data Discharge : 20 cumecs B/D Ratio : 6 Critical Velocity Ratio : 1.02 Rugosity Coefficient : [8] 1 of 2

8 R13 Set No. 2 Code No: RT a) List out different types of canal outlets and discuss them. [8] b) What is a river training work? What are the objectives? [8] 5. The line diagram of a weir on permeable foundation is given below. Find the uplift pressures at E 1 and D 1 using Khosla s curves. [16] 6. A concrete dam 15 m high is trapezoidal in section with a top width of 1m and bottom width of 8.25m. The upstream face has a batter of 1:15. The water is stored up to 15m height. There is no downstream water. Find the factor of safety against sliding. Consider water force, self weight and full uplift pressure. Assume unit weight of concrete and water suitably. [16] 7. a) Explain different causes of failure of earth dam. [8] b) What is a phreatic line? How do you draw it to estimate seepage through an earth dam? [8] 2 of 2

9 Code No: RT41014 R13 Set No. 3 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - II 1. a) Briefly explain the necessity to have irrigation. [3] b) What is balancing depth of cutting? [3] c) Differentiate between head regulator and cross regulator. [4] d) Define exit gradient with reference to weir on permeable foundation. [4] e) What are the factors to decide site for a reservoir? [4] f) What is a stilling basin? [4] 2. a) Discuss different methods of application of irrigation water. [8] b) Find the delta for a crop if the following details are given as Duty at the water course : 1800 hectares per cumec Base period for the crop : 130 days [8] 3. a) Discuss the classification of canals in detail. [8] b) Design an irrigation channel using Lacey s theory for the following data Discharge : 40 m 3 /sec Silt factor : 1.02 Side Slope : ½ : 1 [8] 4. a) Discuss the types of cross drainage works. [8] b) Explain the features of river training. [8] 1 of 2

10 R13 Set No. 3 Code No: RT The following weir is founded on a permeable foundation. Find the uplift pressures at C and E 1 using Khosla s curves. Apply correction for interference of piles. [16] 6. Find the factors of safety against overturning of the following gravity dam about base AB. Take unit weight of dam material as 24 KN /m 3 [16] 7. a) How are the earth dams classified? [8] b) List out types of spillways and discuss them. [8] 2 of 2

11 Code No: RT41014 R13 Set No. 4 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - II 1. a) Explain crop rotation with examples. [3] b) What is canal lining and what are the economic benefits? [3] c) Define a fall. When is it necessary to construct a fall? [4] d) Explain the procedure to find out hydraulic gradient below the weir on permeable foundation. [4] e) What are the zones of storage in a reservoir? [4] f) What are the different types of spillways? [4] 2. a) Explain different types of Irrigation in detail. [8] b) A crop requires a total depth of water of 120 cm. Find the duty of water if the base period for the crop is 110 days. [8] 3. a) How are the canals classified? [8] b) Design an irrigation channel using Lacey s theory for the following data Discharge : 55m 3 /sec Silt factor : 1.00 Side Slope : ½ : 1 [8] 4. a) What is a regulator in canal? Differentiate between head regulator and cross regulator. [8] b) List out types of canal outlets and discuss them. [8] 1 of 2

12 R13 Set No. 4 Code No: RT Find out the uplift pressure at mid-point below the floor between the two files for the weir founded on permeable foundation. Use Khosla s curves. Also find exit gradient. [16] 6. Find the factors of safety against sliding of the following gravity dam about base AB. Take unit weight of dam material as 24 KN /m 3 [16] 7. a) How are the earth dams classified? [8] b) List out different causes of failure of earth dam and discuss them. [8] 2 of 2

13 Code No: RT41013 R13 Set No. 1 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 1. a) What is the purpose of work scheduling? [4] b) Define activity cost slope. [3] c) What are the uses of compaction? [4] d) What are the different types of scrapers and write its purpose. [3] e) Write the uses of Concrete Mixer. [4] f) What are the various types of earthwork equipment? Mention their uses. [4] 2. a) What are the different types of floats involved in CPM? [8] b) Explain in detail project management constructions. [8] 3. a) Explain about Resource Analysis and Resource Allocation. [10] b) Explain the steps involved in cost duration analysis. [6] 4. a) Explain about the compaction equipment and various types of rollers. [8] b) Explain about different trucks used in construction field and write about its capacities. [8] 5. What is the operating principle of a power shovel? What are the factors which affecting the output of a power shovel? [16] 6. Explain about i) Mixing and placing of concrete ii) Consolidating and finishing. [16] 7. a) Explain the different methods of construction? [8] b) Write about quality control and safety engineering in construction. [8] 1 of 1

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15 Code No: RT41013 R13 Set No. 2 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 1. a) List out the advantages of scheduling. [4] b) What is meant by resource leveling and crashing? [4] c) What is the use of rear dump truck? [3] d) Explain about Tractors. [3] e) What are the uses of crushers? [4] f) Explain the methods of piling. [4] 2. a) What are the objectives and functions of construction management? [8] b) Draw a PERT network for the following and find expected mean time, variance and SD of the project. Activity Three-time estimates (days) [8] 3. a) Explain about Project evaluation and review technique with one example? [8] b) Write about the updating in project evaluation. [8] 1 of 2

16 R13 Set No. 2 Code No: RT Mention the various types of earthwork equipment and their uses keeping in view of economical considerations. [16] 5. a) Describe the various applications of a bulldozer. [8] b) List various operations that can be performed by a bulldozer. [8] 6. a) Name the equipments needed for compacting concrete and explain their uses in detail? [8] b) Write about the selection of crushing equipment. [8] 7. Write short notes on i) Placing of concrete ii) Form work iii) Fabrication and erection [6] [5] [5] 2 of 2

17 Code No: RT41013 R13 Set No. 3 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 1. a) What is the significance of critical path? [4] b) Define EST. [3] c) What are the different types of compaction equipment? [4] d) Write the parts of a scraper with neat sketch. [4] e) What are the different concrete mixers? [4] f) Write about pile driving equipment. [3] 2. What are the charts? Enumerate the various types of chart with graphical representation? [16] 3. Explain about crashing for optimum cost and crashing for optimum resources. [16] 4. Discuss the role of tractors in earth moving. What considerations govern the selection of wheel type or crawler type tractor on a job? Compare their applications. [16] 5. Elaborately discuss the various material handling equipments (any Four) and discuss their specific purpose in detail. [16] 6. Explain in detail various equipment used for compaction, batching and mixing of concrete. [16] 7. Explain the different types of form works and their uses? [16] 1 of 1

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19 Code No: RT41013 R13 Set No. 4 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 1. a) What is the purpose of numbering events? [4] b) What is the classification of networks? [4] c) What are the different compaction rollers and write about any two of them. [4] d) How can scrapers help in increasing speed of construction [4] e) What are the types of crushers? [3] f) Write about sheet piles? [3] 2. a) Describe PERT and CPM? [8] b) Write about components of Networks? [8] 3. a) Explain about Resource Leveling and Resource Allocation? [8] b) Write about the cost-duration analysis. [8] 4. a) What are the various factors affecting while selecting construction equipments? [8] b) What is the cycle time in trucks and calculate the truck production. [8] 5. Explain about the Hoisting and earthwork equipment in detail? [16] 6. Explain in detail about i) jaw crushers ii) gyratory crushers iii) impact crushers [16] 7. a) Write in detail about quality control and safety engineering. [8] b) Give the differences between industrial form work and conventional form work. [8] 1 of 1

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21 Code No: RT41011 R13 Set No. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II 1. a) Differentiate sewage, sewer and sewerage systems and discuss their importance. [3] b) Explain need for pumping stations in sewerage systems.discuss the factors to be considered in locating the pumping stations in sewerage systems. [4] c) Define BOD and COD, and explain the importance in sewage treatment. [4] d) Enumerate the principle of Biological treatment indicating end products. [4] e) Draw the sketch of Imhoff tank and explain its function. [4] f) Mention different steps in biological sludge management and discuss. [3] 2. a) Mention various formulae generally used in the design of sewers and analyze. [8] b) A RCC sewer of diameter 500 mm is laid at a slope of 1in 750.Using Kutters C in Chezy, s formulae, find the velocity and discharge when it is flowing flow n= [8] 3. a) Discuss the factors to be considered in selection of pumps in water supply. Mention types of pumps for water supply indicating merits and demerits of each. [8] b) Enumerate the principles involved in the planning and design of building drainage. [8] 4. a) Derive a mathematical model for first stage BOD reaction. Mention basic assumptions. [8] b) The BOD o C of a sewage is 220mg/L. Determine BOD o C.Assume k 20 =0.12d -1. [8] 5. a) With a neat sketch explain the function of Activated Sludge Process and also mention its modifications and discuss. [8] b) Determine the volume of aeration tank of Activated sludge process given the BOD of sewage as 250mg/L, MLSS-2750mg/L, and F/M-0.30 and sewage flow 5MLD.Also estimate aerators capacity. Assume suitable data. [8] 6. a) Draw the sketch of UASB and explain its function with merits and demerits. [8] b) Design a septic tank for 150 users and draw the sketch. Follow BIS 2470 design procedure. [8] 7. a) Enumerate anaerobic sludge digestion process with a neat diagram of digester. [8] b) Explain the phenomenon that occur - self purification of water bodies with oxygensag curve [8] 1 of 1

22 Code No: RT41011 R13 Set No. 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II 1. a) Define health and sanitation. Mention various components of sanitation. [3] b) Analyze the need for plumbing in a building. [3] c) Design a Primary sedimentation tank for discharge of 10 MLD in an activated sludge [4] process. Assume relevant data. d) Explain the functioning of Oxidation pond with a diagram. [4] e) Discuss the functioning of Membrane reactors. [4] f) Enumerate different methods used for disposal of treated sewage. [4] 2. a) Discuss the various methods for estimating sewage flow and storm water flow. [8] b) Determine the design peak flow in m 3 /sec for an area of 6.25 Sq.km with a density of population of 330/Hectare. Assume per capita water supply as 150lpcd and sewage contribution of 70% of water supply. [8] 3. a) What is a Pump? Classify the pumps based on mechanical principles indicating merits and demerits of each type of pump. [8] b) Estimate capacity of centrifugal pump in Hp to pump water to discharge 1.5m 3 /sec. Delivery head-12m and Suction head-5m.efficiency of the pump-75%. [8] 4. a) Explain the need for sewage treatment. What is the importance of primary treatment and also mention various units with their objectives. [8] b) Determine the settling velocity grit particle of diameter 0.15mm, given the temperature of waste water as 30 o C, density of the particle 2.40g/cc. Also calculate the surface loading rate for the grit chamber. Assume data if needed. [8] 5. a) Discuss the principle of aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment process along with merits and demerits. [8] b) Design a high rate Trickling Filter to treat 30 MLD of sewage. Assume suitable design data. [8] 6. a) Write about need for Nitrification and De-nitrification. [8] b) Design septic tank with two chambers to treat sewage for 300 persons. Follow design procedure as given in BIS 2470(Code of practice for design and construction of septic tanks). [8] 7. a) Draw the Oxygen Curve and discuss its significance in self purification water bodies. [8] b) Write about the importance of sludge thickening in sludge management. Draw sludge thickener and explain. [8] 1 of 1

23 Code No: RT41011 R13 Set No. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II 1. a) Mention different types of Sewerage systems and explain merits and demerits [4] of each. b) Explain one pipe and two pipe systems of building drainage. [3] c) Design a grit Chamber to treat 10MLD of sewage. Assume surface loading rate [4] of 1200m3/day/m 2 and HDT of 60 seconds. Mention velocity control devices. d) With help of neat diagram explain the functioning of RBC. [4] e) Explain the methods to remove nitrate and phosphorous. [4] f) Discuss the method of disposal of sewage on land and soil sickness. [3] 2. a) Mention important formulae used for design of sewers and analyze each of the methods. Also mention Chezy, s C and Manning, s n values for different type of pipes. [8] b) Estimate the peak flow in m 3 /sec. for the design of sewers for a population of 240/Hectare spread over an area 12Sq.Km.Assume water supply of 135lpcd with a sewage generation of 75% of the water supply. Peak factor2.25. [8] 3. a) Design the capacity of centrifugal pump in horse power to discharge a flow of 1.75m 3 /Sec. with a Suction and Delivery head of 5m and 24m respectively. Efficiency of the pump may be taken as 68%.Assume any relevant data. [8] b) Mention various appurtenances used in Sewerage system discuss their role. [8] 4. a) Enumerate the importance of Primary Treatment. Mention various unit operation and explain their objectives, [8] b) Assume BOD o C of sewage as 275 mg/l for three samples with different k 20 values of 0.12d -1, 0.13d -1 and 0.15d -1.Determine ultimate BOD of each of the samples. [8] 1 of 2

24 R13 Set No. 3 Code No: RT a) Draw process flow diagram of high rate two stage trickling filter and discuss its function. Also explain the importance of recirculation. [8] b) Discuss in detail three important modifications in Activated sludge process with neat sketches with important design parameters. [8] 6. a) Explain the final end products of Anaerobic process. With the help of the sketch explain UASB process. [8] b) Differentiate and discuss the functioning of Septic tank and Imhoff tank. [8] 7. a) Explain the different steps in anaerobic digester with the fate of end products. [8] b) Explain various stages in self purification of water body along with oxygen sag curve. [8] 2 of 2

25 Code No: RT41011 R13 Set No. 4 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II 1. a) Mention the appurtenances used in sewerage systems and explain with sketches. [4] b) Write about factors to be considered in Building drainage system. [3] c) Enumerate sedimentation and floatation and the difference between them. [4] d) Draw the sketch of a Fluidized bed and explain its functioning. [4] e) Discuss the working of UASB and Membrane reactors. [3] f) Analyze the role of sludge management in Sewage Treatment. [4] 2. a) Write in detail about various components in Sanitation. [8] b) Discuss various factors that need to consider in design of sewerage system. [8] 3. a) Write about different types of pumps and factors to be considered in selection of pumps for sewerage. [8] b) Enumerate one and two pipe system of plumbing along with merits and demerits of each system. [8] 4. a) Define BOD and COD. Derive a mathematical expression for first order BOD. Also discuss first stage and second stage BOD. [8] b) Estimate BOD o C whose BOD 20 o C is given as 160mg/L. Assume BOD rate constant k e = 0.225d -1. [8] 1 of 2

26 R13 Set No. 4 Code No: RT a) Explain the basic process of removal BOD in a Trickling filter. Name the modification and explain each modification with a neat sketch. [8] b) Design an Oxidation pond to treat sewage for a population of Capita Water Supply may be assumed as 135lpcd.Sewage discharge may assume - as 75% of water supply with a BOD 5 of 240mg/L. The BOD 5 loading rate =225kg/day/Hectare. Draw the sketch of oxidation pond for the design. [8] 6. a) Enumerate Integrated Fixed film Reactors and mention the type of reactors. Also state the disadvantages of and advantages of this type treatment. [8] b) Design single chamber septic tank to treat sewage for 60 persons. Follow procedure as given in BIS 2470 (Code of practice for design and construction of septic tanks). Draw the sketch of septic tank for the design. Assume 4 persons [8] per family. 7. a) Discuss the significance of sludge Digestion in Activated sludge Process and Trickling filter. Also explain the principle of anaerobic process. [8] b) Explain the phenomena of self purification in running streams. Draw the oxygen sag curve and explain its significance. [8] 2 of 2

27 Code No: RT41016 R13 Set No. 1 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES PART A(22 Marks) 1. a) Name any three methods for in situ densification of cohesive soil. [3] b) Write a short note on electro osmosis. [4] c) Write a short note on soil bitumen stabilization. [4] d) What are the components of reinforced earth? [4] e) What are the types of geo-textiles? [3] f) What are the objectives of grouting? [4] PART B(3x16 = 48 Marks) 2. a) Describe the vibroflotation technique of densifying granular soil. [8] b) Explain the impact at ground surface method of densifying granular soils. [8] 3. a) Explain the open sumps and vacuum well dewatering systems. [8] b) What are the filter requirements of a filler material around the drains? [8] 4. a) Explain the principle and application of soil-lime stabilization. [8] b) Discuss the various foundation techniques adopted in expansive soils. [8] 5. a) What do you understand by reinforced earth? Enumerate various applications of reinforced earth. b) Explain the design principles of reinforced earth walls. [8] [8] 6. a) Describe with illustrations the differences between geotextiles and geomembranes. [8] b) What are the practical applications of geotextiles? [8] 7. a) What is a grout? Explain in detail the applications of grouting. [8] b) Describe briefly different grouting techniques. [8] 1 of 1

28 Code No: RT41016 R13 Set No. 2 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES PART A(22 Marks) 1. a) What are various methods of in situ densification of cohesive soils? [3] b) What is dewatering? What are various methods of dewatering? [4] c) Name any three industrial wastes used in stabilization of soils. [3] d) Name the stability checks that are to be applied for reinforced earth walls. [4] e) What are the four major applications of geotextiles? [4] f) Define grouting. List any two applications of grouting. [4] PART B(3x16 = 48 Marks) 2. a) Explain in detail the advantage of using vertical drains along with preloading? [8] b) What is a stone column? What are the methods of installing a stone column? [8] 3. a) Explain single and multistage well point system of dewatering. [8] b) How are sumps and ditches used in dewatering? [8] 4. a) Discuss cement, lime and bitumen stabilization along with its merits and demerits. [8] b) Explain in detail mechanical stabilization of soils. [8] 5. a) Write a short note on soil nailing. [8] b) What is reinforced earth? What are the applications of soil reinforcement? [8] 6. a) How does the use of a geosynthetic as a filler differ from that of drainage? [8] b) Explain in detail the use of geosynthetics as a reinforcement. [8] 7. a) Explain in detail with the help of a neat sketch the different stages of grouting. [8] b) Explain in detail the post grout tests. [8] 1 of 1

29 Code No: RT41016 R13 Set No. 3 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES PART A(22 Marks) 1. a) What do you understand by preloading? [3] b) What is the application of dewatering in ground improvement? [4] c) What are the various methods of soil stabilization? [4] d) Name the components of reinforced earth. [4] e) Write a short note on geogrids. [3] f) What is jet grouting? [4] PART B(3x16 = 48 Marks) 2. a) Explain sand drains with a neat sketch. [8] b) Explain impact at depth method of soil densification. [8] 3. a) Explain the electro osmotic method of dewatering for ground improvement. [8] b) Explain in detail the vacuum well point system of dewatering. [8] 4. a) Discuss the applicability of industrial wastes in soil stabilization. [8] b) Explain in detail the mechanical soil stabilization. [8] 5. a) What are the design principles of reinforced earth wall? [8] b) What are the different stability checks that are to be applied on reinforced earth walls? [8] 6. a) Explain the properties and applications of geotextiles. [8] b) Explain different functions of geotextiles with neat sketches. [8] 7. a) Define grouting. What are the objectives of grouting? [8] b) Discuss in detail all the methods of grouting. [8] 1 of 1

30 Code No: RT41016 R13 Set No. 4 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES PART A(22 Marks) 1. a) Write a short note on vertical drains. [3] b) What are the criteria for the choice of filler material? [4] c) What is the possible reaction that may take place in soil-lime stabilization? [4] d) What are the components of soil nailing? [4] e) Discuss regarding geotextiles as separators. [3] f) What is meant by displacement grouting? [4] PART B(3x16 = 48 Marks) 2. a) With neat sketch explain in situ densification methods in cohesive soil. [8] b) Discuss how the stress history of a soil deposit affects its suitability for preloading with vertical drains. [8] 3. a) Explain in detail about the dewatering techniques used in cohesive soils. [8] b) What are the salient features of sand drains and geodrains? [8] 4. a) What do you understand by bituminous stabilization? [8] b) Explain how the engineering properties of soil are changed by the process of bituminous stabilization. [8] 5. a) What are the factors governing the design of reinforced earth walls? [8] b) Explain the procedure of soil nailing. [8] 6. a) Explain with clear illustrations, the principle involved in geotextile materials reinforcement for improving the bearing capacity of soil. [8] b) Write a short note on geomembranes and gabions. [8] 7. a) Explain in detail the stages of grouting with neat sketch. [8] b) Explain in detail about post grout techniques. [8] 1 of 1

31 Code No: RT41012 R13 Set No. 1 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE IS Code 1343 Book is Permitted 1. a) What is pretensioning and post-tensioning? [4] b) What is pressure line? Explain its significance. [4] c) List the types of losses in prestressed concrete beam. [4] d) State any two factors influencing the deflection. [4] e) How do prestressed concrete beams behave in torsion? [3] f) What is transmission length? [3] 2. a) Why is the high strength of concrete and high grade of steel required for prestressed concrete? [8] b) Explain any two methods of prestressing system. [8] 3. a) Explain load balancing concept. [8] b) A beam is of simply supported span 8 m. The size of the beam is 350 mm 700 mm. A prestressing force of 1000 kn was applied. The cable is parabolic with an eccentricity of 100 mm at the centre and zero at the supports. It is subjected to a udl of 25 kn/m. Compute the extreme stresses at midspan. [8] 4. a) What do you mean by loss of prestress? [8] b) A prestressed concrete beam mm deep is prestressed with wires (area = 320 mm 2 ) located at 50 mm from the bottom carrying an initial stress of 1000 N/mm 2. The span of the beam is 10 m. Calculate the percentage loss of prestress in wires when the beam is post-tensioned. Assume E s = 210 kn/mm 2, E c = 35 kn/mm 2. Relaxation of steel stress = 5% initial stress, shrinkage of concrete = , creep coefficient = 1.6, slip at anchorage = 1 mm, friction coefficient = per metre. [8] 1 of 2

32 R13 Set No. 1 Code No: RT a) What are the factors affecting long-term deflections? [8] b) A rectangular beam mm in section is simply-supported over a span of 10m. It is prestressed with a parabolic cable which has a maximum eccentricity of 200 mm at midspan and 40 mm at support sections. Effective prestressing force is 1450 kn. Concrete grade is M40. Determine the deflection due to prestress and self weight. [8] 6. a) How will you improve the shear resistance of structural concrete members by applying prestressing technique? [8] b) Write the codal provisions of bending, shear and torsion. [8] 7. a) Describe Magnels method for end block design. [8] b) What is the anchorage zone? [8] 2 of 2

33 Code No: RT41012 R13 Set No. 2 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE IS Code 1343 Book is Permitted 1. a) Distinguish between partial and fully prestressing. [4] b) Define eccentric prestressing. [3] c) How do you estimate the loss due to elastic shortening in PSC beams? [4] d) Draw a typical load deflection behavior of a PSC beam up to failure. [4] e) Discuss briefly the modes of failure due to shear. [4] f) Sketch the distribution of stresses in the anchorage zone. 2. a) Distinguish between linear and circumferential prestressing. [8] b) Write about: i) Permissible stress ii) Relaxation of stress iii) Stress corrosion iv) Prestressed Concrete. [8] 3. a) Explain stress concept. [8] b) A prestressed concrete beam is of size 500 mm 900 mm. The beam is simply supported on a span of 8 m. It is subjected to a central concentrated load of 1500 kn. The beam carries a dead load of 10 kn/m. A bent tendon is provided at an eccentricity of 100 mm below the centroidal axis and 50 mm below the centroidal axis at the ends. Compute the extreme stresses at midspan of the beam. [8] [3] 1of 2

34 R13 Set No. 2 Code No: RT a) List the influencing factors for the shrinkage loss. [8] b) A rectangular concrete beam mm is prestressed by means of eight 5 mm wires located 65 mm from the bottom and two 5 mm wires located 35 mm from the top of the beam. If the wires are tensioned to a strong of 900 N/mm 2, calculate the percentage loss of stress in steel immediately after transfer allowing for the loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete only. Given, E s = 210 kn/mm 2 and E c = 31.5 kn/mm 2. [8] 5. a) Explain the procedure for computing short-term and long-term deflection of PSC beams. [8] b) A concrete beam having a rectangular section mm is prestressed by a parabolic cable with an initial prestressing force of 240 kn. The cable has an eccentricity of 50 mm at the centre and concentric at the supports. If the span of the beam is 10 m and subjected to a live load of 2 kn/m. Calculate the shortterm deflection at midspan. Assume E c = 38 kn/mm 2, creep coefficient = 2, loss of prestress = 20%. Estimate the long-term deflection. [8] 6. a) A prestressed concrete beam having unsymmetrical I-section has a fibre stress distribution of 13 N/mm 2 (compression) at the top edge linearly reducing to zero at the bottom. The top flange width and thickness are 2400 mm and 400 mm respectively. The bottom flange width and thickness are 1200 mm and 900 mm respectively and the depth and web thickness are 1000 mm and 600 mm respectively. The total shear force is 2350 kn. Compute and compare the principal stresses at the centroidal axis and the junction of web with lower flange. [8] b) How do prestressed concrete beams behave in torsion? [8] 7. a) Explain Guyon s method for end block design. [8] b) Define End block. [8] 2 of 2

35 Code No: RT41012 R13 Set No. 3 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE IS Code 1343 Book is Permitted 1. a) Discuss different types of anchorages used in pre stressing systems. [4] b) Write the equations of finding stresses developed at the top and bottom fibres of the beam with eccentric pre stressing forces. [4] c) What do you mean by loss of pre stress? [3] d) What are the types of deflections of pre stressed concrete members? [3] e) Explain the mechanism of shear failure in the beams. [4] f) Distinguish between spalling tension and bursting tension. [4] 2. a) Distinguish between standard strand and compound strand. [8] b) A beam of size 500mm x 1000mm is used on simply supported span of 10m. It is provided with a bent tendon having an eccentricity of 100mm at centre and an eccentricity of 50mm upwards at the ends. The dead load of the beam is 10kN/m. Compute the stresses at ends and at mid span. [8] 3. a) Explain with sketches Magnell s system of post tensioning? [8] b) What are the different types of high tensile steel used in pre stressed concrete members? [8] 1 of 2

36 R13 Set No. 3 Code No: RT a) What are the different types of losses of prestress. [4] b) A pre tensioned beam 400 mm wide and 600 mm deep is pre stressed by 12 wires each of 10 mm diameter initially stressed to 1200 N/mm 2 with their centroids located 100 mm from the soffit. Estimate the final percentage loss of stress due to elastic deformation, creep, shrinkage and relaxation using the following data: Relaxation of steel stress = 90 N/mm 2 Es =210 kn/mm 2, E C = 35 kn/mm 2 Creep coefficient = 1.5 Residual shrinkage strain = 2 x 10-4 [12] 5. a) What are the different types of flexural modes observed in prestressed concrete beams? [8] b) A pre tensioned prestressed concrete beam having a rectangular section, 300mm wide and 500mm deep has an effective cover of 40mm. If f ck = 40N/mm 2, f p =1600 N/mm 2 and the area of prestressing steel A P =561 mm 2. Calculate the ultimate flexural strength of the section using IS code provisions. [8] 6. a) Explain with sketches the method of estimating the ultimate flexural strength of flanged prestressed sections according to IS 343 code specifications? [8] b) Explain the mechanism of shear failure in the beams. [8] 7. a) Discuss the stress distribution in end block. [6] b) The end block of prestressed concrete is of size 120mm x 1300mm, an effective pre stressing force of 300 kn is transmitted. The distribution plate is of size 150mm wide and 150mm deep concentrically loaded at the ends. Calculate the maximum tensile force and bursting tension. Use Guyon s method. [10] 2 of 2

37 Code No: RT41012 R13 Set No. 4 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE IS Code 1343 Book is Permitted 1. a) List the general principles of prestressing. [3] b) How is corrosion of steel taken care off? [3] c) What is loss of prestress due to relaxation? [4] d) What are the factors influencing short term and long term deflections? [4] e) How do you estimate the shear strength of PSC beams? [4] f) Write a note on end zone reinforcement in end block. [4] 2. a) Distinguish between standard strand and compound strand. [8] b) A beam is of simply supported span 8m. The size of the beam is 350mm x 700mm. A prestressing force of 100kN was applied. The cable is parabolic with an eccentricity of 100mm at centre and zero at the supports. It is subjected to an udl of 20kN/m. Compute the extreme stresses at the mid span. [8] 3. a) What is pre tensioning and post tensioning. [8] b) Explain with sketches Freyssinett system of post tensioning? [8] 4. a) A prestressed concrete beam 400mm x 400mm, is presressed by 10 wires, each of 8mm diameter. The wires are initially stressed to 1200N/mm 2 with their centriods located 60mm from the soffit. Calculate the final percentage loss of stress due to elastic deformation, creep, shrinkage and relaxation using the following data: E S =210kN/mm 2 and E c =32kN/mm 2, Creep coefficien.t =1.6, Residual shear strain = 3 x 10-4 Relaxation of steel stress = 90N/mm 2. [8] b) Define creep coefficient and how do we estimate the loss due to creep. [8] 1 of 2

38 R13 Set No. 4 Code No: RT A prestressed concrete beam is of unsymmetrical I section having top flange width and thickness 750mm and 250mm respectively. The bottom flange width and thickness are 500mm and 250mm respectively. The total depth is 1700mm. Thickness of web is 200mm. The area of prestressing steel is 1400mm 2. The prestressing steel is provided at a distance of 100mm from the soffit of the beam. If f ck = 40MPa and f pu = 1700MPa, Calculate the ultimate flexural strength using IS CODE. [16] 6. a) Differentiate between short term deflections and long term deflections. [8] b) The horizontal prestress at the centriod of a concrete beam of rectangular cross section 340mm by 680mm, is 10N/mm 2 and maximum shearing force on the beam is 90kN. Calculate the maximum principal tensile stress. [8] 7. Explain the term End blocks. Write the steps involved in the design of end blocks by Guyon s method. [16] 2 of 2