COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BUREAU OF DESIGN

Transcription

1 INSTRUCTIONS: FOR USAGE OF OR PIPE, REFER TO D.M., TABLE FOR DIAMETERS GREATER THAN mm (4), USE DESIGN FILL HEIGHT TABLES. LOCAL AUTHORITIES MAY USE OR DESIGN FILL HEIGHT TABLES. SPECIFY SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION IF REQUIRED BY SITE CONDITIONS. USE PAIDD COMPUTER PROGRAM TO PERFORM PIPE DESIGNS FOR REQUIRED FILL HEIGHTS AND CONCRETE STRENGTHS NOT SHOWN IN THE DESIGN TABLES SHEETS 4 THRU 9 (10 THRU 16), OR AS INDICATED BY DOUBLE ASTERISKS (). REFER TO SHEET 3 FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR USAGE OF THIS. 1. FOR SHEETS 1 THROUGH 10, ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. FOR U.S. CUSTOMARY UNIT DETAILS, SEE SHEETS 11 THROUGH 18.. FABRICATE CONCRETE PIPE AS PER PUBLICATION 0M (PUB. 0) ENTITLED "PENNSYLVANIA INSTALLATION DIRECT DESIGN MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION". 3. SEE RC30M AND PUBLICATION 408, SECTIONS 601 AND 604 FOR INSTALLATION OF CONCRETE PIPES. 4. DESIGN CONCRETE PIPE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PENNSYLVANIA INSTALLATION DIRECT DESIGN (PAIDD), AND APPENDIX H OF DESIGN MANUAL, PART 4, STRUCTURES. 5. TEST CONCRETE PIPES IN ACCORDANCE WITH PUBLICATION 408 AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLES [PRESENTED IN THIS AND IN PUBLICATION 0M (0)]. DEFINITIONS: DIA INSIDE DIAMETER OF THE CONCRETE PIPE IN MILLIMETERS(INCHES). INSTALLATION HEAVYDUTY CONCRETE PIPE EMBANKMENT INSTALLATION DESIGN (APPROXIMATELY YEAR LIFE). SHORING/ TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION HEAVYDUTY CONCRETE PIPE TRENCH BOX OR SHORING INSTALLATION DESIGN (APPROXIMATELY YEAR LIFE). INSTALLATION DUTY CONCRETE PIPE EMBANKMENT INSTALLATION DESIGN (APPROXIMATELY 50YEAR LIFE). SHORING/ TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION DUTY CONCRETE PIPE TRENCH BOX OR SHORING INSTALLATION DESIGN (APPROXIMATELY 50YEAR LIFE). PROOF TEST LOAD THREE EDGE BEARING TEST TO A LOAD EXTRAPOLATED FROM 178 (0.00) DESIGN m REQUIREMENT TO PRODUCE A (0.01")CRACK. m PROOF LOAD THE LOAD CARRIED BY A PIPE SUBJECTED TO A THREE EDGE BEARING TEST, EXPRESSED IN KILONEWTONS PER METER (POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT) INSIDE OFDIAMETER. THE PROOF LOAD REFLECTS THE FIELD SERVICE LOAD CONDITION FOR BOTH LIVE AND DEAD LOADS. PROOF TEST LOADS INCLUDE A 1.43 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR FIELD CRACKING. TESTING TO ULTIMATE IS NOT REQUIRED. 6. REFERENCE RC30M FOR MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT AND COVER REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE PIPES. 7. THE DESIGN VALUES SHOWN IN THIS ARE BASED UPON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE EXCAVATION, BACKFILL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS IN THE RC S AND PUBLICATION 408 ARE USED. 8. ELLIPTICAL REINFORCEMENT IS NOT PERMITTED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. 9. SMOOTH WELDED WIRE FABRIC IS USED IN THE DESIGN OF THE STEEL AREAS FOR CONCRETE PIPE. USE OF DEFORMED WIRE FABRIC OR DEFORMED WIRE IS PERMITTED. 10. USE DESIGN TABLES GIVEN IN THIS TO DETERMINE STEEL AREA. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE FOR DESIGNS NOT COVERED BY THESE TABLES. 11. STEEL AREAS SHOWN ARE IN mm /m (IN. /FT.). 1. PROVIDE ADDITIONAL CONCRETE COVER FOR ACIDIC (ph 4) OR ABRASIVE ENVIRONMENTS. 13. ENSURE THAT CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS (SHALLOW FILLS AND CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC, IF APPLICABLE) ARE CONSIDERED AT THE TIME THE PIPE IS SPECIFIED. 14. A mm ( FT.) SPACING IS REQUIRED (A 0 mm (3 FT.) SPACING IS PREFERRED) FOR MULTIPLE PIPES [SEE PAIDD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SKETCH]. PAIDD PENNSYLVANIA INSTALLATION DIRECT DESIGN. H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT mm (FEET). 15. PIPE MAY NOT BE PLACED WITHIN THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE WITHOUT CHIEF BRIDGE ENGINEER APPROVAL. fy SPECIFIED YIELD STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENT MPa (ksi) SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MPa (ksi) HORIZONTAL ARCHING FACTOR VERTICAL ARCHING FACTOR Dm 1 FOR UNITY A1 A6 COEFFICIENTS WHICH REPRESENT THE INTEGRATION OF NON DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS OF SOIL PRESSURE UNDER THE INDICATED PORTIONS OF THE COMPONENT PRESSURE DIAGRAMS (AREA UNDER COMPONENT PRESSURE DIAGRAMS). a A3 a, b, c, d, e, f, u, v NONDIMENSIONAL COEFFICIENTS DEFINING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIMENSIONS OF COMPONENT PRESSURE REGIONS. d 0.5ce A6 A6 h (1.5a1) 1 c(1+u) h (1.5A)/[(d) (1+v)+(e)] b A5 Dm 1 b A5 SPAN RATIO SPAN ELLIPTICAL/EQUIVALENT ROUND 1. RISE RATIO RISE ELLIPTICAL/EQUIVALENT ROUND 0.63 ROUND A4 uc c d e A4 (RISE RATIO/SPAN RATIO) ( ROUND PIPE) f vd f 0.49 ( ROUND PIPE) PROCEDURE FOR EARTH LOAD MODELING: CONSULT THE "CONCRETE PIPE TECHNOLOGY HANDBOOK", 1993 (PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION), CHAPTER 8, OR APPENDIX H OF THE DESIGN MANUAL PART 4, STRUCTURES, FOR A PROCEDURE FOR EARTH LOAD MODELING. A A h A1 h1 vh uh1 SOIL PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION MODEL DESIGN CRITERIA RC30M SUBSURFACE DRAINS PIPE PLACEMENT EXCAVATION BEDDING BACKFILL SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 1 OF 18 REFERENCE DRAWINGS

2 TABLE A TABLE D DESIGN DATA FACTORS FOR TRENCH BOX OR SHORING ITEMS INSTALLATION TYPE HAUNCH COMPACTION SOIL WEIGHT LIVE LOAD INSTALLATION PAIDD PAIDD 95% MIN. 95% MIN. 50 kg/m 3 50 kg/m 3 HS 5 HS 5 TRENCH BOX/SHORING INSTALLATION PAIDD PAIDD 60% MIN. 60% MIN. 50 kg/m 3 50 kg/m 3 HS 5 HS 5 REQUIRED FILL HEIGHT millimeters 500 EQUIVALENT ROUND INSTALLATION FOR ELLIPTICAL PIPE HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO fy MPa MPa MPa MPa MIN. MPa MIN. MPa MIN. MPa MIN. MPa CONCRETE COVER 5 mm OVER STEEL 5 mm OVER STEEL 5 mm OVER STEEL 5 mm OVER STEEL LOAD FACTORS 0 0 DEAD LOAD & EARTH LOAD FACTOR (SHEAR & MOMENT) DEAD LOAD FACTOR (THRUST) REINFORCEMENT FLEXURESHEARCRACK EXAMPLE: mm (4) INSTALLATION DESIGN CONCRETE COMPRESSION CONTROL RELATIONSHIP H<0 ( H<3) 0 H<000 (3 H<7) LIVE LOAD FACTOR (SHEAR & MOMENT) LIVE LOAD FACTOR (THRUST) INTERNAL PRESSURE LOAD FACTORS (THRUST) IMPACT (TO 500 mm HEIGHT) STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS: FLEXURE [ H]>10% [ H]>10% [ H]>10% [ H]>10% 0.95 AREA OF STEEL ILLUSTRATION //////DENOTES STRENGTH CONTROL CURVE 4 ILLUSTRATION 1 3 F L E X U R E SHEAR CRACKING WALL THICKNESS 144 (5 3/) 144 AREA OF STEEL INNER CAGE () OUTER CAGE () PROOF TEST LOAD 8.6 (587) 1.0 AS SEEN HERE, THE ACTUAL STRENGTH OF THE 0 mm mm (3 ) PIPE IS GREATER THAN THE 000 mm 0 mm (7 3 ) PIPE AS REFLECTED BY THE STEEL AREA. THE PROOF LOAD TEST BEING A SERVICE LOAD CONDITION REFLECTS THE ANTICIPATED FIELD LOAD. (5 3/) () () (83) RADIAL TENSION DIAGONAL TENSION FLEXURE CONTROL 1 CRACK CONTROL SHEAR CONTROL THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD USED TO DETERMINE STEEL AREAS HAS GREATER DESIGN SAFETY FACTOR FOR LIVE LOADS THAN FOR DEAD CRACK CONTROL FACTOR LOADS. FOR THIS REASON, THE PROOF LOAD, FOR ORIENTATION ANGLE MATERIAL & PROCESS +10^ +10^ +10^ +10^ HEIGHT OF EARTH COVER LOW FILL HEIGHTS, IS NOT A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STEEL AREA. FACTOR: RADIAL TENSION DIAGONAL TENSION ILLUSTRATION 1: EMBANKMENT ARCHING 1. CRACK CONTROL. FLEXURE CONTROL FACTORS: IN THIS ILLUSTRATION OF THE FLEXURESHEARCRACK (VERTICAL) SEE TABLE C SEE TABLE C CONTROL RELATIONSHIP, THE PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THIS CASE IS NOT A GOVERNING FACTOR SINCE FLEXURE CONTROLS (HORIZONTAL) THE DESIGN. ILLUSTRATION : TABLE B 3. FLEXURE CONTROL 4. CRACK CONTROL ARCHING COEFFICIENTS IN THIS ILLUSTRATION OF THE FLEXURESHEARCRACK CONTROL RELATIONSHIP, THE PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THIS CASE IS A GOVERNING FACTOR SINCE FLEXURE IS NOT INSTALLATION TYPE A1 A A3 A4 A5 A6 a b c e f u v CONTROLLING THE DESIGN. EMBANKMENT NOTE: PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY TRENCH BOX OR SHORING STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES, RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM/MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SEE TABLE C SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. TABLE C FACTORS FOR TRENCH BOX OR SHORING INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL HEIGHT millimeters 500 mm THROUGH mm DIAMETER mm THROUGH mm DIAMETER BEDDING FACTOR USED TO DETERMINE PROOF TEST LOAD 1.60 FOR EARTH LOADS. LIVE LOAD BEDDING FACTOR AS PER ACPA "DESIGN DATA 40" DECEMBER 199. DESIGN CRITERIA GENERAL NOTE: SEE SHEET 10 FOR TABLES A, B, C, AND D IN U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS. SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET OF 18

3 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE DESIGN EXAMPLES: 1 DESIGN OF A mm (4)DIAMETER CONCRETE PIPE UNDER 0 mm (3 0") OF FILL. (HEAVYDUTY) SOLUTION: ( DUTY) SOLUTION: RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DESIGN, FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION OF CONCRETE PIPES DESIGNER DETERMINES THAT A mm (4) DIAMETER PIPE IS REQUIRED AND THAT THE MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS 0 mm (3 0"). END TREATMENT AND A INSTALLATION AS PER RC30M ARE SPECIFIED. ITEM # IS SPECIFIED. FILL RANGE mm mm (10 ). FABRICATOR REFERENCES PUBLICATION 0M (0) "PAIDD MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION" FOR A mm (4) DIAMETER INSTALLATION PIPE. A 15 mm () WALL THICKNESS AND MPa ( PSI) ARE SELECTED FOR mm (4) DIAMETER. THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR A 0 mm <H<000 mm (3 <H<7 ) MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS mm /m ( IN. ) FOR THE INSIDE CAGE AND mm /m ( IN. ) FOR THE OUTER CAGE. THE PIPE IS TESTED TO A PROOF TEST LOAD OF 1.7 kn/m (867 LBS./LF) AND MARKED PA A/S (48A/S10). DESIGNER DETERMINES THAT A mm (4) DIAMETER CONCRETE PIPE IS REQUIRED AND THAT THE MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS 0 mm (3 0") END TREATMENT AND A INSTALLATION AS PER RC30M ARE SPECIFIED. ITEM # IS SPECIFIED. FILL RANGE mm 0 mm (10 3 ). FABRICATOR REFERENCES PUBLICATION 0M (0) "PAIDD MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION" FOR A mm (4) DIAMETER INSTALLATION PIPE. A 144 mm (5 3/) WALL THICKNESS AND MPa ( PSI) ARE SELECTED FOR mm (4) DIAMETER. THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR A 0 mm <H< mm (3 <H<7 ) MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS mm /m ( IN. ) FOR THE INSIDE CAGE AND mm /m ( IN. ) FOR THE OUTER CAGE. THE PIPE IS TESTED TO A PROOF TEST LOAD OF 1.0 KN/m (83 LBS./LF) AND MARKED PA B/S0 (48B/S103). DESIGNER: 1. DETERMINES DIAMETER OF PIPE REQUIRED BY HYDRAULICS.. DETERMINES MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF FILL. FOR LONG PIPE RUNS, THE LENGTH MAY BE DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS (DEPENDING UPON INLET LOCATIONS) WHICH MAY HAVE DIFFERENT MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHTS. CONSIDERS THE EFFECT OF FUTURE WIDENING AND LOADS FOR THE PIPE DESIGN. 3. ENSURES THAT THE SIDE SLOPE IS STABLE AND THAT THE PIPE IS NOT EXPECTED TO PROVIDE SLOPE STABILITY. 4. SPECIFY CONCRETE PIPES AS INDICATED IN PUB. 0M (0), SECTION FOR PIPES WITH I.D. 500 mm (8 )PREPARE SDRAWINGS WHICH INCLUDE CORE BORINGS AND A HEADWALL DESIGN ON THE DRAWING. 5. SPECIFIES END TREATMENTS AS PER RC30M. DESIGN OF A mm () DIAMETER CONCRETE PIPE UNDER 700 mm (9 ) OF FILL IN A TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION. SOLUTION: 6. SPECIFIES INCREASED WALL THICKNESS, IF WARRANTED FOR ACIDIC OR ABRASIVE CONDITIONS. 7. SPECIFIES TRENCH BOX/SHORING INSTALLATION IF REQUIRED. DESIGNER DETERMINES THAT A mm () DIAMETER PIPE IS REQUIRED AND MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS 700 mm (9 0"). END TREATMENT AND A TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION AS PER RC30M ARE SPECIFIED. ITEM # IS SPECIFIED. FILL RANGE mm 000 mm (10 ). FABRICATOR REFERENCES PUBLICATION 0M (0) "PAIDD MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION" FOR A mm () DIAMETER SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION PIPE. A DOUBLE CAGE, mm () WALL THICKNESS AND MPa ( PSI) ARE SELECTED FOR A mm () DIAMETER. THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR A 000 mm < H< mm (7 < H<10 )MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT IS mm /m (IN. ) FOR THE INSIDE CAGE AND mm /m ( IN. ) FOR THE OUTER CAGE. THE PIPE IS TESTED TO A PROOF TEST LOAD OF 17.1 KN/m (1174 LBS./LF) AND MARKED PA A/SH000 (36A/SH107). 8. SPECIFIES PROPER ITEM NUMBER. CONTRACTOR: 1. SELECTS THE TYPE OF PIPE INSTALLATION, i.e., EMBANKMENT OR TRENCH BOX/SHORING.. SUBMITS SPECIAL DESIGNS TO THE MATERIALS & TESTING DIVISION OF PENNDOT. 3. INSTALLS THE PIPE AS PER RC30M. 3 SELECTION OF NON ITEM FOR A PA85A/SH 3M 0.5M FABRICATOR: 1. USES PREAPPROVED DESIGNS [PAIDD/, TABLES ON SHEETS 4 THRU 9 (11 THRU 16)] THE DESIGNER DETERMINES THAT A PA85A/SH 3M 0.5M IS REQUIRED. THE ITEM NUMBERS AVAILABLE IN THE CONSTRUCTION ITEMS CATALOG ARE AS FOLLOWS: UNLESS A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED.. ENSURES THAT THE PROPER STRUCTURE DESIGN FOR THE PIPE IS SELECTED, TESTED AND DELIVERED M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE/TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE 0.6M0.5M 3. PROVIDES DESIGN AND DETAILS FOR SPECIAL DESIGN PIPES M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE/TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE 1M 0.6M 4. CONDUCTS PROOF LOAD TESTS ACCORDING TO PUB. 0M (0) TO PROOF TEST LOAD VALUES SPECIFIED IN PUB. 0M (0) OR M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE/TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE M 1M M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE/TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE 3M M PENNDOT MATERIALS AND TESTING DIVISION: M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE/TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE 4.5M 1M NOTE THAT NO ITEM NUMBER ENCOMPASSES THE 3M TO 0.5M FILL REQUIRED FOR THE PIPE. GO TO THE APPROPRIATE FILL HEIGHT TABLE FOR SHORING INSTALLATION FOR A CIRCULAR PIPE. USING THE 85mm PIPE DIAMETER, mm WALL THICKNESS, AND M PA CONCRETE STRENGTH, NOTE THE STEEL AREA FOR THE MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT; HERE, 76mm /M. ALSO, NOTE THE STEEL AREA FOR THE MAXIMUM FILL HEIGHT; HERE, mm /M. SELECT THE LARGER REQUIRED STEEL AREA (76mm /M), AND THE ITEM NUMBER THAT CONTAINS THE GREATER STEEL AREA M 85mm REINFORCED SHORE TRENCH BOX CONCRETE PIPE 0.6M 0.5M. 1. WITNESSES PROOF LOAD TESTS, CONDUCTS Q/A AT FABRICATION SHOP, AND APPROVES/REJECTS PIPES AT THE PLANT PRIOR TO LOADING THE PIPES FOR TRANSPORTATION TO THE JOB SITE.. APPROVES DESIGNS WHICH MEET THIS OR PAIDD. 3. PROVIDES SPECIAL DESIGNS TO THE BRIDGE QUALITY ASSURANCE DIVISION FOR APPROVAL. 4. MONITORS CONCRETE STRENGTHS AND OTHER MATERIAL PROPERTIES. ENSURES THAT ONLY APPROVED [(SPECIFIED IN PA MATERIALS SPECIFICATION PUB 0M (0)] SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS USED. 5. APPROVES SHOP DETAILS, ETC. ON THE TAB SHEET INDICATE THE ACTUAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM FILLS OF 3M AND 0.5M (NOT THE FILL RANGE PER 6. COORDINATES EFFORTS TO RESOLVE PIPE FAILURE/PROBLEMS. THE ITEM NUMBER). IN THE REMARKS SECTION INDICATE, "THE STEEL AREA FOR THE PIPE SPECIFIED SATISFIES THE FILL HEIGHT RANGE 4.50M TO 0.5M". DISTRICT CONSTRUCTION UNIT: SIDE SLOPE CONDITION CONCRETE PIPE LOADING CURVE 1. INSPECTS PIPE PRIOR TO INSTALLATION.. MONITORS INSTALLATION, ENSURING ALL STEPS IN RC30M AND PUB. 408 ARE FOLLOWED. 3. INSPECTS PIPE AFTER THE SPECIFIED FILL IS PLACED. 4. ACCEPTS PIPES IN ACCORDANCE WITH PUB FOR FILL HEIGHT > mm (10 ) SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIRED SYMMETRICAL REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATIONS WHERE SIDE SLOPE CONDITIONS EXIST. A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED WHEN THE FILL HEIGHT VARIES MORE THAN mm (10 ) OVER THE TRENCH WIDTH. LOAD (STIFFNESS DEMAND) (1) () 0 (3) (4) (5) 500 (8) LIVE LOAD DEAD LOAD DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FILL HEIGHT mm (FT.) FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER 0 mm (3 0") OF FILL OR LESS USE A LOWER HEIGHT OF FILL. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES OVER 0 mm (3 0") OF FILL OR GREATER, USE A HIGHER HEIGHT OF FILL. : 1. MAINTAINS AND UPDATES THIS, RC30M, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, PUB. 408 AND PAIDD THROUGH PENNSYLVANIA CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION.. REVIEWS AND APPROVES SPECIAL DESIGNS SUBMITTED BY THE MATERIALS AND TESTING DIVISION. 3. ASSISTS THE BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND DISTRICTS IN RESOLUTION OF STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS. DESIGN EXAMPLES/ RESPONSIBILITIES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 3 OF 18

4 INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL 0 H H H WALL 0 H H H WALL 0 H H H INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL H H H WALL H H H 1) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 3) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. 4) FOR DOUBLE CAGE RINGS OF STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL. 5) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL. 6) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. 7) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED. 8) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm DESIGN TABLES DESIGN TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 4 OF 18

5 INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT (mm) PROOF TEST LOAD (kn/m) (mm) 0 H H H 0 0 H H 0 0 H 0 0 H H H H H H H (mm) 0 H H H 0 0 H H 0 0 H 0 0 H H H H H H H NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 1.43 FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. LEGEND FOR INFORMATION ONLY. PROOF LOAD TEST MUST BE PERFORMED TO THE MAXIMUM PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THE RANGE OF ITEM NUMBER. PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION NOTE : PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET. DESIGN TABLES NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 1.43 FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 5 OF 18 USE PAIDD PROGRAM TO DETERMINE PROOF LOAD VALUES FOR FILL HEIGHTS GREATER THAN mm.

6 INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT (mm) PROOF TEST LOAD (kn/m) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL H H H H H H 0 0 H H 0 0 H 0 0 H H H H H H H NOTE: 57 THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A SAFETY FACTOR FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. NOTE : PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS 86 AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR 995 SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. 119 MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET ) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. 119 ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE LEGEND 3) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE FOR INFORMATION ONLY. PROOF LOAD TEST MUST BE 4) FOR DOUBLE CAGE RINGS OF STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL PERFORMED TO THE MAXIMUM PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THE RANGE OF ITEM NUMBER. 5) FOR PIPE SIZES GREATER THAN mm DIAMETER, USE INSTALLATION DESIGN TABLES ) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm. 7) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY 1567 WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL. 8) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY ) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS 1313 MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE TWO LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR TWO LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED. DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION DESIGN TABLES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 6 OF 18

7 SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL NO SHORING REQ D NO SHORING REQ D H H SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL H H SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) WALL H H SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) Required Fill/Cover WALL Height (mm) H H SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT/PROOF TEST LOAD (kn/m ) 0 H H H H H NOTE: 59 THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A SAFETY FACTOR FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL ) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. NOTE : PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET. DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 3) INDICATES THAT SHEAR CONTROL HAS BEEN REACHED. USE PAIDD FOR SPECIAL DESIGN. 4) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. 5) FOR DOUBLE CAGE RINGS OF STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL. 6) FOR PIPE DIAMETERS GREATER THAN mm, USE SHORING/TRENCH BOX DESIGN TABLES. 7) FOR FILL HEIGHTS GREATER THAN INDICATED, USE THE PAIDD PROGRAM. 8) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm. 9) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL. SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) SHORING/TRENCH BOX STEEL AREAS (mm /m) SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT/ 10) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. 11) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE WALL 50 0 H H 0 WALL H H 0 6 PROOF TEST LOAD (kn/m ) 0 H H H 0 0 H H 0 ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE TWO LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR TWO LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED NO SHORING REQ D NO SHORING REQ D NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A SAFETY FACTOR FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. LEGEND FOR INFORMATION ONLY. PROOF LOAD TEST MUST BE PERFORMED TO THE MAXIMUM PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THE RANGE OF ITEM NUMBER. DESIGN TABLES DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 7 OF 18

8 INSTALLATION HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE H<500 INSTALLATION HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE H<500 1) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 3) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCE EQUIV. RISE/ WALL Steel EQUIV. RISE/ WALL Steel MENT AND REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. ROUND SPAN Area ROUND SPAN (mm /m) Area (mm /m) 4) FOR DOUBLE CIRCULAR STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA 365/ /575 IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL. 5) INDICATES A SHEAR CONTROL HAS BEEN REACHED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE 490/ /770 8 FOR SPECIAL DESIGN. /865 6) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm. / ) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL. 610/960 8) FOR DESIGN OF A ELLIPTICAL PIPE FOLLOW THESE STEPS: (a) SELECT THE LARGER DIMENSION OF SPAN OR RISE FROM ELLIPTICAL PIPE SIZES / /960 SHOWN IN THE SHORING/TRENCH BOX TABLE FOR ELLIPTICAL PIPES. 59 I.E. RISE DIMENSION FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL 730/ / / /1150 SPAN DIMENSION FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL (b) GO TO INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. (c) USE THE RISE DIMENSION FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS OR THE SPAN DIMENSION FOR THE HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS AS THE DIAMETER IN THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE. [IF THE 975/ / SELECTED DIAMETER IS NOT AVAILABLE IN THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE, USE THE NEXT LARGER AVAILABLE DIAMETER IN THE / / / / INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE TO DETERMINE THE STEEL AREA.] (d) FOR THE SELECTED DIAMETER, WALL THICKNESS, DESIGN FILL HEIGHT AND CONCRETE STRENGTH, DETERMINE THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR THE INNER CAGE OF THE PIPE IN THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. USE 1340/ / THIS AREA FOR EACH, INNER AND OUTER, CAGE FOR THE ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN. 1465/ / / / ) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. 10) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. 1705/ / WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. 70 DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF / /0 13 REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED / / / / / / / / / / / DESIGN TABLES FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE INSTALLATION / ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN TABLES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 8 OF 18

9 SH/T BOX HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE SH/T BOX VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE STEEL AREAS(mm /m) PROOF TEST STEEL AREAS (mm /m) PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE Required Fill/Cover LOAD TABLE FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE EQUIV. RISE/ WALL ROUND SPAN 1150/730 0 H H 0 0 SHORING TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION (kn/m) EQUIV. ROUND RISE/ SPAN 0 H H H 0 0 H H 0 EQUIV. RISE/ ROUND SPAN Height (mm) 0 H 000 WALL 000 H SHORING TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION (kn/m) EQUIV. ROUND RISE/ SPAN 0 H H H 0 0 H H /855 15/ / /10 110/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /770 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / NOTE: PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS 1465/ / / AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET / ) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 3) INDICATES THAT SHEAR CONTROL HAS BEEN REACHED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE FOR SPECIAL DESIGN. 4) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. 5) FOR DOUBLE CAGE RINGS OF STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL / ) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm ) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL / / ) FOR DESIGN OF A ELLIPTICAL PIPE FOLLOW THESE STEPS: (a) SELECT THE LARGER DIMENSION OF SPAN OR RISE FROM ELLIPTICAL PIPE SIZES SHOWN IN THE SHORING/TRENCH BOX TABLE FOR ELLIPTICAL PIPES. 400 / I.E. RISE DIMENSION FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL SPAN DIMENSION FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL (b) GO TO INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. (c) USE THE RISE DIMENSION FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS OR THE SPAN 0 DIMENSION FOR THE HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS AS THE DIAMETER IN 365/ THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE. [IF THE SELECTED DIAMETER IS NOT AVAILABLE IN THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE, USE THE NEXT LARGER AVAILABLE DIAMETER IN / THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE TO DETERMINE THE STEEL AREA.] (d) FOR THE SELECTED DIAMETER, WALL THICKNESS, DESIGN FILL HEIGHT AND CONCRETE STRENGTH, DETERMINE THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR THE INNER CAGE OF THE PIPE IN THE INSTALLATION TABLES FOR / / CIRCULAR PIPES. USE THIS AREA FOR EACH, INNER AND OUTER, CAGE FOR THE ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN ) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY ) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE / ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE / WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME / DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED / DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPES SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN TABLES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 9 OF 18

10 SH/T BOX HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE SH/T BOX VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE STEEL AREAS(mm /m) PROOF TEST STEEL AREAS (mm /m) PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE Required Fill/Cover LOAD TABLE FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE EQUIV. RISE/ WALL ROUND SPAN 1150/730 0 H H SHORING TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION (kn/m) EQUIV. ROUND RISE/ SPAN 0 H H H 0 0 H H 0 EQUIV. RISE/ WALL ROUND SPAN Height (mm) 0 H H SHORING TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION (kn/m) EQUIV. ROUND RISE/ SPAN 0 H H H 0 0 H H /855 15/ / /10 110/ / /1585 0/ / / NOTE: 1150/ /855 15/ / /10 110/ / /1585 0/ / / 365/ / / / PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET / /770 / / / / / / / / / / / /0 1830/ ) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. FOR SPECIAL DESIGN. 4) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL / /770 / / / / / / / / / / / /0 1830/80 / / / / / ) INDICATES THAT SHEAR CONTROL HAS BEEN REACHED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE 5) FOR DOUBLE CAGE RINGS OF STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE ) H DESIGN FILL HEIGHT, mm ) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 0 mm OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY 3 WITH DESIGNER APPROVAL. 365/ / ) FOR DESIGN OF A ELLIPTICAL PIPE FOLLOW THESE STEPS: (a) SELECT THE LARGER DIMENSION OF SPAN OR RISE FROM ELLIPTICAL PIPE SIZES SHOWN IN THE SHORING/TRENCH BOX TABLE FOR ELLIPTICAL PIPES. I.E. RISE DIMENSION VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL SPAN DIMENSION HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL / / / (b) GO TO INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. (UP TO mm DIMENSION) OR INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES (OVER mm DIMENSION). (c) USE THE RISE DIMENSION FOR VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS OR THE SPAN / / DIMENSION FOR HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL DESIGNS AS THE DIAMETER IN THE (OR ) INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. (IF THE SELECTED DIAMETER IS NOT AVAILABLE IN THE OR INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE, USE THE NEXT LARGER 4 440/ DIAMETER IN THE OR INSTALLATION TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPE TO DETERMINE STEEL AREA.) (d) FOR THE SELECTED DIAMETER, WALL THICKNESS, DESIGN FILL HEIGHT AND 3840/ CONCRETE STRENGTH, DETERMINE THE AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR THE INNER 1905 CAGE OF PIPE IN THE OR INSTALLATION TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES. USE THIS AREA FOR EACH, INNER AND OUTER, CAGE FOR THE ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN. 9) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. 10) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED. DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL PIPES SHORING/TRENCH BOX INSTALLATION ELLIPTICAL PIPE DESIGN TABLES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 10 OF 18

11 TABLE A TABLE D DESIGN DATA FACTORS FOR TRENCH BOX OR SHORING ITEMS INSTALLATION TRENCH BOX/SHORING INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL INSTALLATION FOR ELLIPTICAL PIPE HORIZONTAL ELLIPTICAL VERTICAL ELLIPTICAL EQUIVALENT ROUND INSTALLATION TYPE PAIDD PAIDD PAIDD PAIDD HEIGHT FT. 1"to to 1"to to 1"to to 1"to to HAUNCH COMPACTION 95% MIN. 95% MIN. 60% MIN. 60% MIN. SOIL WEIGHT lbs./ft lbs./ft lbs./ft lbs./ft LIVE LOAD HS 5 HS 5 HS 5 HS fy 65,000 psi 65,000 psi 65,000 psi 65,000 psi MIN.4,000 psi MIN.4,000 psi MIN.4,000 psi MIN.4,000 psi CONCRETE COVER 1" OVER STEEL 1" OVER STEEL 1" OVER STEEL 1" OVER STEEL LOAD FACTORS: 15 5 DEAD LOAD & EARTH LOAD FACTOR (SHEAR & MOMENT) DEAD LOAD FACTOR (THRUST): REINFORCEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE COMPRESSION LIVE LOAD FACTOR (SHEAR & MOMENT) LIVE LOAD FACTOR (THRUST) INTERNAL PRESSURE LOAD FACTORS (THRUST) IMPACT (TO MAX.8 HEIGHT) 40 [1.05H] 10% 40 [1.05H] 10% 40 [1.05H] 10% 40 [1.05H] 10% STRENGTH REDUCTION ( FACTORS): FLEXURE RADIAL TENSION DIAGONAL TENSION CRACK CONTROL FACTOR ORIENTATION ANGLE ^ 10^ 10^ 10^ GENERAL NOTE: FOR SHEETS 11 THROUGH 18, ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN U.S. CUSTOMARY MATERIAL & PROCESS FACTOR: UNITS (FEET AND INCHES) UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. FOR METRIC UNIT DETAILS, SEE SHEETS 1 THROUGH 9. RADIAL TENSION DIAGONAL TENSION EMBANKMENT ARCHING FACTORS: (VERTICAL) SEE TABLE C SEE TABLE C (HORIZONTAL) TABLE B ARCHING COEFFICIENTS INSTALLATION TYPE A1 A A3 A4 A5 A6 a b c e f u v EMBANKMENT TRENCH BOX OR SHORING SEE TABLE C TABLE C FACTORS FOR TRENCH BOX OR SHORING INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL 1" THROUGH DIAMETER THROUGH DIAMETER HEIGHT FT BEDDING FACTOR USED TO DETERMINE PROOF TEST LOAD 1.60 FOR EARTH LOADS. DESIGN CRITERIA LIVE LOAD BEDDING FACTOR AS PER ACPA "DESIGN DATA 40" DECEMBER, 199. SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 11 OF 18

12 INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in. /ft.) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in. /ft.) INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in. /ft.) 1.5 H H H H H H H H H 30 1" " 0. 60" " " " " " " 1" " INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in. /ft.) H H H INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in./ft.) H H H ) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 3) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCEMENT AND FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE. 4) FOR DOUBLE CIRCULAR STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL. 5) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 3 0" OR LESS 6) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. 7) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED DESIGN TABLES DESIGN TABLES FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 1 OF 18

13 INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT (FT.) PROOF TEST LOAD (lbs./lf/ft.of DIAMETER) H H 3 3 H 7 7 H H H 0 0 H 5 5 H H H H H H H H H H 3 3 H 7 7 H H H 0 0 H 5 5 H H H H H H H H NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 1.43 FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. LEGEND FOR INFORMATION ONLY. PROOF LOAD TEST MUST BE PERFORMED TO THE MAXIMUM PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THE RANGE OF ITEM NUMBER. PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION NOTE : PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET. DESIGN TABLES NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 1.43 FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL. SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 13 OF 18 USE PAIDD PROGRAM TO DETERMINE PROOF LOAD VALUES FOR FILL HEIGHTS GREATER THAN 0".

14 INSTALLATION STEEL AREAS (in. /ft.) INSTALLATION REQUIRED FILL/COVER HEIGHT FT./ PROOF TEST LOAD (lbs./lf/ft.of DIAMETER) 1" " 1.5 H H H H H 3 3 H 7 7 H H H 0 0 H 5 5 H H H H H H H H " 1 " " " " " " NOTE: THESE PROOF LOADS INCLUDE A FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 1.43 FOR FIELD CRACK CONTROL NOTE : PROOF LOADS ARE AN INDICATION OF CRACK CONTROLS AND NOT NECESSARILY STRENGTH CONTROL. ACTUAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN (CONCRETE STRENGTH, AREA OF STEEL AND WALL THICKNESS) IS BASED UPON FLEXURE, LEGEND FOR INFORMATION ONLY. PROOF LOAD TEST MUST BE CRACKING, OR SHEAR WHICHEVER GOVERNS. FOR SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES RELY UPON THE MAXIMUM VS. MINIMUM FILL HEIGHT STAMP. DO NOT USE THE PROOF LOAD FOR SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES. SEE FIGURE "FLEXURE PERFORMED TO THE MAXIMUM PROOF TEST LOAD FOR THE RANGE OF ITEM NUMBER. 0.7 SHEAR CRACK CONTROL" AND EXAMPLE ON SHEET ) FOR DOUBLE CIRCULAR STEEL REINFORCED PIPE, TWO AREAS ARE SHOWN. THE GREATER AREA IS FOR THE INNER CAGE STEEL AND LESSER AREA IS FOR OUTER CAGE STEEL ) FOR PIPE SIZES GREATER THAN 4 DIAMETER, USE INSTALLATION DESIGN TABLES ) SUBSTITUTION OF PIPES UNDER FILLS OF 3 0" OR LESS IS PERMITTED ONLY WITH DESIGNER ) ELLIPTICAL REINFORCING IS NOT ALLOWED, EXCEPT FOR QUADRANT REINFORCE MENT AND FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ELLIPTICAL PIPE ) STEEL AREAS SPECIFIED IN THE FILL HEIGHT / STEEL AREA TABLES ARE TO BE ACHIEVED USING 1) INDICATES SAME STEEL AREA AS SHOWN FOR THE LESSER CONCRETE STRENGTH. ) INDICATES A SPECIAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED. USE PAIDD SOFTWARE. 8) USE PAIDD SOFTWARE ONLY FOR PIPE DESIGNS NOT PROVIDED BY. ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT FOR EACH CAGE. TWO LAYERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ONE LAYER PROVIDED THE SUM OF THE STEEL AREAS OF THE LAYERS IS EQUAL TO THE AREA OF 0 STEEL FOR THE SINGLE LAYER CAGE. WHEN SUBSTITUTING, SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IS TO 0.74 REMAIN THE SAME. DESIGNING FOR LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING ONE LAYER OF 0.9 REINFORCEMENT OF EQUIVALENT AREA IS NOT PERMITTED DESIGN TABLES AND PROOF TEST LOAD TABLE FOR CIRCULAR PIPES INSTALLATION DESIGN TABLES SEPT. 0, 010 SEPT. 0, 010 SHEET 14 OF 18