and Construction: A Design Consultant's Perspective Mark Popik, M.Eng.,P.Eng. Applied Research

Transcription

1 Local Aspects of Design and Construction: A Design Consultant's Perspective Mark Popik, M.Eng.,P.Eng. Applied Research

2 Pervious, Porous and Permeable Pavements Pavement system designed to permit the infiltration of surface water

3 Porous Asphalt Advantages Cost Material & construction experience Disadvantages Materials susceptible to water damage Usually used for short tterm storage only Lower relative strength

4 Porous Asphalt

5 Pervious Concrete Advantages Structural strength Availability of materials Disadvantages Slow construction process Potential ti material lissues Higher initial cost

6 Pervious Concrete

7 Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers Advantages Ease ofconstruction High surface infiltration options Aesthetics Ease of maintenance and repair Disadvantages Typically higher cost Limited to lower speed p roadways

8 Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers

9 Typical Application

10 Pavement Design Process

11 Paving Layer Design Considerations Infiltration Structural Capacity

12 Traffic Data Traffic data is required for structural design Several choices Best (actual traffic counts, including type and frequency of heavy vehicles) Fair (estimate based on type of facility, i.e. recreational parking area, semi industrial, roadway, etc.) Poor (guess)

13 Sources of Traffic Data

14 Subgrade Type and Quality Subgrade support is one of the most important parameters governing pavement structural design Best (complete resilient modulus testing from in situ materials to determine input values) Fair (estimate resilient modulus based on other site or subgrade materials testing, i.e. FWD backcalculation, dynamic cone penetrometer, California Bearing Ratio) Poor (select based on typical subgrade type and drainage ability

15 Subgrade Type and Quality Possible Source ASCE Publication ASCE $65 list $48.75 ASCE member Product.aspx?id= ICPI $65 list $40 ICPI member store Plus shipping & handling

16 Recommended M R Values Brief Description Rock, rock fill, shattered rock, boulders/cobbles Well graded gravels and sands suitable as granular borrow Poorly graded gravels and sands Silty gravels and sands Clayey gravels and sands Siltsand sandy silts Low plasticity clays and compressible silts Medium to high Category No. 1 2 Classification Boulders/ cobbles GW, SW Drainage Characteristics 3 GP, SP Excellent to fair 4 GM, SM 5 GC, SC 6 ML, MI 7 CL, MH Susceptibility to Frost Action Resilient Modulus (M R ) for Typical Subgrade Conditions, MPa Good Fair Poor Excellent None Excellent Negligible Practically impervious Fair to semiimpervious Practically impervious Typically poor M di t hi h Semi plasticity clays 8 CI; CH impervious to impervious Negligible to slight Slight to moderate Negligible to slight Severe Slight to severe Negligible to severe

17 Subgrade Infiltration Design Rate

18 Infiltration Test Apparatus

19 Source of Water - Rainfall

20 Source of Water - Contributing Area

21 Site Plans Evaluate Drainage

22 Site Plans Evaluate Drainage

23 Permeability of the Surface

24 Permeability of the Surface

25 Drainage Gap Design

26 Supplementary Surface Drainage

27 Pipe Subdrain System Plan View Cross Section View

28 Permeable Design Pro Analysis

29 Construction and Maintenance

30 Site Preparation and Grading

31 Base Materials Availability Local DOT aggregate specifications ICPI recommendations Local aggregate sources Compaction No standard Proctor density Establish target density Roller versus plate compactor (parking lot/driveway) Lift thickness Angularity and hardness

32 Aggregates

33 Aggregates

34 Base and Subbase Materials

35 Base and Subbase Materials

36 Base and Subbase Materials X Do not want any fines

37 Base and Subbase Materials

38 Base and Subbase Materials Coarse portion of aggregate gradation only, i.e. zero percent passing 4.75 mm sieve size

39 Subbase & Base Preparation

40 Base Compaction

41 Base/Subbase Compaction Compaction Specification Test strip Target density using Nuclear Density Gauge (backscatter mode) 10 ton vibratory roller, 13,500 lbf plate compactor 2 passes, 5 backscatter tests t (average = target tdensity) 2 more passes, 3 backscatter tests if > 1.2 pcf then two more passes (repeat untildifference lower) Take 7 more tests, average = target density to achieve

42 Aggregate Materials

43 Paver Installation Mechanical linstallation i reduces construction time No curing immediate availability to traffic Can be reinstated after repairs Guideconstructionspecs specs at

44 Joint Aggregate Installation

45 Porous Asphalt Installation

46 Pervious Concrete Installation

47 Maintenance Annually: inspection of observation well after major storm, vacuum and sweep surface improves infiltration Maintenance checklist Model maintenance agreement

48 Maintenance

49 Ontario Examples Inniskillin Winery, Niagara on the Lake

50 Ontario Examples Toronto Waterfront

51 Ontario Examples Seneca College, King City, Ontario

52 Ontario Examples Brampton Veterinary Hospital

53 ICPI PICP Manual 4 th Edition Released September 2011 Order at $36 ($18 for ICPI members) 100+ pages pg Structural & Hydrologic Design Follows Permeable Design Pro Performance Research Guide Construction Specs Construction Maintenance PICP Resources