SECTION CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER, SIDEWALKS, AND DRIVEWAYS

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1 PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES SECTION CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER, SIDEWALKS AND DRIVEWAYS A. This work includes all preparation, forming, concrete production and placement, finishing, jointing, reinforcing, curing, protection, and restoration for the construction of concrete curb and gutter, sidewalks, and miscellaneous pavement RELATED REQUIREMENTS A. Section Pavement Removal. B. Section Earthwork. C. Section Excavating, Filling and Grading. D. Section HMA Paving. E. Section Concrete Paving REFERENCES A Michigan Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction. B. Michigan Department of Transportation Density Control Manual SUBMITTALS A. See Construction Manager's General Requirements for submittal procedures. B. Prior to beginning construction, the Contractor shall submit the name and plant location of the proposed concrete supplier for the project. C. Prior to beginning construction, the Contractor shall submit mix designs for the proposed concrete mixtures proposed for use on the project for the Engineer to review QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Subgrade or Aggregate Base 1. Maximum Density of Granular Soils (loss by washing < 15%) and Aggregate a. The maximum density will be determined by the One Point Michigan Cone Test, as described in the Michigan Department of Transportation Density Control Handbook. 2. Maximum Density of Cohesive Soils (loss by washing > 15%) a. The maximum density will be determined by the One Point T-99 Test, as described in the Michigan Department of Transportation Density Control Handbook. 3. Density of In-Place Soils or Aggregate a. The in-place density of soils or aggregate will be determined by the Density In-Place (Nuclear) Test, as described in the Michigan Department of Transportation Density Control Handbook. B. Concrete Testing 1. The temperature of concrete will be determined in accordance with ASTM C 1064 Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. 2. Samples of concrete for testing will be obtained in accordance with ASTM C 172 Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete. 3. The slump of concrete will be determined in accordance with ASTM C 143 Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. 4. The air content of concrete will be measured in accordance with ASTM C 231 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method. 5. Concrete cylinders for compressive testing will be made in accordance with ASTM C 31 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field. 6. The compressive strength of concrete will be determined in accordance with ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for compressive strength of cylindrical specimens. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 MATERIALS A. Portland cement shall meet the requirements of ASTM C150. Job #14270 CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER, SIDEWALKS, AND DRIVEWAYS Copyright THA Page 1

2 B. Coarse aggregate shall meet the requirements of Class 6A aggregate as described in the 2012 Michigan Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction. C. Reinforcing steel fabric shall meet the requirements of ASTM A185. D. White membrane curing compound shall conform to ASTM C309, Type 2. Curing compound shall be agitated to provide a uniform consistency prior to transfer between containers or before application. E. Fiber joint filler shall meet the requirements of ASTM D1751. F. Sand for base shall meet the requirements of Granular Material Class III, as described in the 2012 Michigan Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction MIXTURES A. Concrete shall be transit mixed concrete in accordance with ASTM C94. B. Air content shall be 5-8%, slump shall not exceed 3 inches, and compressive strength shall be at least 4000 psi after 28 days. Concrete shall contain at least six sacks of cement per cubic yard of concrete. Modifications and the use of admixtures may be approved by the Engineer SUBMITTALS A. Prior to beginning construction, the Contractor shall submit the name and plant location of the proposed concrete supplier for the project. B. Prior to beginning construction, the Contractor shall submit mix designs for the proposed concrete mixtures proposed for use on the project for the Engineer to review CROSS-SECTIONS A. Sidewalk 1. Unless indicated otherwise on the plans, sidewalk shall have a minimum thickness of 4 inches. Sidewalk through driveways shall have a minimum thickness of 6 inches, and be reinforced with #10 by 6 by 6 welded wire fabric. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 COORDINATION OF TRAFFIC A. Hazardous areas shall be barricaded to protect pedestrian and vehicular traffic. B. Work shall be scheduled so that access is maintained to driveways and entrances through the project area to the extent possible. Where a driveway or entrance must be closed for a period, the property owner or occupant shall be notified in advance of the closing REMOVAL OF EXISTING SIDEWALK, CURB AND GUTTER AND PAVEMENT A. Where an existing sidewalk, curb and gutter, and/or sidewalk are to be removed and replaced, the existing structure shall be removed in accordance with Section PREPARATION A. The base shall be excavated, filled, and shaped as required to construct pavement of the required thickness at the proposed grades and alignment. The base shall be compacted to at least 95% of its maximum unit weight. Soft and yielding soils shall be excavated and replaced with suitable soils. B. Concrete may be placed by slipforming, unless indicated otherwise. C. Where forms are used, the forms shall extend the full depth of the concrete. Forms shall be of sufficient strength and staked to prevent springing or yielding after placement of concrete. Flexible forms capable of making a smooth arc shall be used for curved sections. Face forms for the exposed face of curb are not required. D. Where steel reinforcement is used, it shall be spliced and held in place in a manner approved by the Engineer. Splices shall be overlapped by ten inches MINIMUM GRADES A. Driveways shall be constructed with a maximum slope of 8%. B. Sidewalks shall be constructed with a maximum transverse slope of ½ inch per foot. Transverse slopes shall be at least ¼ inch per foot, unless longitudinal drainage is provided. The longitudinal slope of sidewalk and ramps shall not exceed one inch per foot. CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER, SIDEWALKS, AND DRIVEWAYS Job # Page 2 Copyright THA

3 C. Gutter grades shall not be constructed flatter than 0.40%, or less than the grades shown on the plans, whichever is less PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE A. Concrete shall not be placed until the forms (or grade, if the concrete will be slip-formed) have been inspected by the Engineer. B. The base shall be moistened just prior to placement of the concrete. C. Concrete shall have a temperature between 45 and 90 degrees F, at the time of placement. D. Concrete shall be deposited to the proper depth and spaded or vibrated to ensure proper consolidation. Concrete shall be placed and finished in a continuous operation. E. Any material required to fill low spots shall be obtained from the mixture used in the work. Exposed surfaces of the concrete slab shall be finished smooth and even by means of a moistened wood float. Sidewalk and pavement slabs shall be lightly brushed perpendicular to the normal direction of traffic. Water shall not be added to the concrete surface as an aid to finishing. The top edges of the slab and all transverse joints shall be rounded with a finishing tool having a radius of 1/4 inch. Surfaces shall not vary more than 3/8 inch from the alignment and typical cross section. F. Joints shall be constructed perpendicular to surfaces and shall not vary more than 1/4 inch from their designated position. Transverse plane-of-weakness joints in curbs and pavement shall be placed at intervals not exceeding ten feet. Transverse plane-of-weakness joints in sidewalk shall be placed at spacing equal to the width of the sidewalk, except as follows: G. Where the sidewalk abuts an existing sidewalk, joints shall coincide. H. Joint spacing shall not exceed six feet. I. In irregularly shaped areas, joints shall be perpendicular as much as possible. J. Individual slab size shall be between 16 square feet and 36 square feet, as much as possible. K. Where the pavement or sidewalk is irregularly shaped, joints shall be perpendicular as much as possible. L. Expansion joints shall be constructed using 1/2 inch fiber joint filler as follows: 1. At intervals not exceeding fifty feet. 2. At fixed objects such as curbs, sidewalks, pavements, stairs, manholes and drain inlets, signs, poles, and buildings. 3. At intersections and changes in direction. M. Expansion joint filler shall extend the full depth of the concrete, with the top of the filler material just below the finished concrete surface. N. Exposed concrete surfaces shall be cured using white membrane curing compound applied uniformly at a rate of 200 square yard per gallon. Curing compound shall be applied regardless of temperature or humidity conditions PROTECTION A. Concrete shall not be placed if the air temperature is not at least 25 degrees F and rising or more than 90 degrees F. Concrete shall be protected from damage caused by freezing or rain. B. The Contractor shall provide sufficient barricading and security to protect fresh concrete from accidental damage or vandalism. Damaged concrete shall be removed to a joint and replaced at the Contractor's expense CLEANUP A. After the concrete has attained sufficient strength, the forms shall be removed. B. Where adjacent areas are turf, the area next to the pavement shall be backfilled with sound earth and topsoil, and graded so the surface is about one inch below the pavement or as necessary to provide proper drainage. END OF SECTION Job #14270 CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER, SIDEWALKS, AND DRIVEWAYS Copyright Page 3

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5 PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES SECTION CONCRETE PAVING A. Concrete sidewalks, stair steps, integral curbs, gutters, median barriers, parking areas, roads and drives RELATED REQUIREMENTS A. Section Cast-in-Place Concrete. B. Section Earthwork: Preparation of site for paving and base. C. Section HMA Paving REFERENCE STANDARDS A. ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete; American Concrete Institute International; 1991 (Reapproved 2002). B. ACI Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings; American Concrete Institute International; C. ACI 304R - Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete; American Concrete Institute International; D. ACI 305R - Hot Weather Concreting; American Concrete Institute International; E. ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting; American Concrete Institute International; F. ASTM A185/A185M - Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete; G. ASTM A615/A615M - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement; H. ASTM A1064/A1064M - Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete; I. ASTM C33/C33M - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates; J. ASTM C39/C39M - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; 2012a. K. ASTM C94/C94M - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete; L. ASTM C150/C150M - Standard Specification for Portland Cement; M. ASTM C173/C173M - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method; 2010b. N. ASTM C260/C260M - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete; 2010a. O. ASTM C309 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete; P. ASTM C494/C494M - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete; SUBMITTALS A. See Construction Manager's General Requirements, for submittal procedures. B. Product Data: Provide data on joint filler, admixtures, curing compound, and detectable warning plate. C. Mix Design Data: Indicate pavement thickness, designed concrete strength, reinforcement, and proposed materials and quantities. D. Obtain cementitious materials from same source throughout. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 FORM MATERIALS A. Form Materials: Conform to ACI 301. B. Metal Form Deck: Corrugated sheet steel: 1. Ungalvanized Steel Sheet: ASTM A 1008/A 1008M, Designation SS, Grade 33, Type 1. a. Grade as required to meet performance criteria. Job #14270 CONCRETE PAVING Copyright THA Page 1

6 2. Primer: Shop coat of manufacturer's standard primer paint over cleaned and phosphatized substrate. 3. Minimum Metal Thickness, Excluding Finish: 22 gage. 4. Nominal Height: 9/16 inch. 5. Formed Sheet Width: 30 inch. 6. Side Joints: Lapped, welded REINFORCEMENT A. Reinforcing Steel: ASTM A615/A615M Grade 80 (80,000 psi); deformed billet steel bars; unfinished finish. B. Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: Plain type, ASTM A1064/A1064M; in flat sheets; unfinished CONCRETE MATERIALS A. Cement: ASTM C150/C150M Normal - Type I portland type, grey color. B. Fine and Coarse Mix Aggregates: ASTM C33/C33M. C. Water: Clean, and not detrimental to concrete. D. Air-Entraining Admixtures: ASTM C260/C260M. E. Chemical Admixtures: ASTM C494/C494M, Type A - Water Reducing, Type C - Accelerating, and Type G - Water Reducing, High Range and Retarding. 1. Do not use chemicals that will result in soluble chloride ions in excess of 0.1 percent by weight of cement ACCESSORIES A. Detectable Warning Plates: 1. Provide and install cast iron plate sections, imbedded into the concrete pavement with integral lug anchors. 2. Size: 24 x 24 inch; bolted attachment to connect plates. 3. Profile: Truncated cone pattern integrally cast into the plate on 2 inch centers in a balanced grid pattern. Recessed holes for capscrew anchorage. 4. Product: #7005 manufactured by East Jordan Iron Works. a. Finish: Natural. 5. Installation: Locate at all pedestrian ramped walks with modular full-width coverage in a position that complies with Michigan Barrier Free codes. B. Curing Compound: ASTM C 309, Type 1, Class A.; Water emulsion, resin base type, white pigmented, equivalent to "1200-WHITE" manufactured by W.R. Meadows, Inc. C. Surface Retarder: medium viscosity, liquid type, color as selected from manufacturer's standard range. Provide product equivalent to "RHEOFINISH 288FD manufactured by Degussa. D. Joint Sealer: Single component, self-leveling, polyurethane sealant. 1. Material: ASTM C-920, Type S, Grade P, Class 25, use T, NT, M, O G, I. 2. Color: Limestone. 3. Application Temperature: 40 to 100 degrees F. 4. Product: "SIKAFLEX-1c SL" manufactured by Sika Corporation: 5. Substitutions: Products manufactured by others that meet or exceed this specification may be considered if the request is submitted within the parameters outlined in the bidding documents CONCRETE MIX DESIGN A. Proportioning Normal Weight Concrete: Comply with ACI recommendations. B. Admixtures: Add acceptable admixtures as recommended in ACI and at rates recommended by manufacturer. C. Concrete Properties: 1. Compressive Strength, when tested in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M at 28 days: 3,500 psi. 2. Water-Cement Ratio: Maximum 45 percent by weight. 3. Total Air Content: 6 percent, determined in accordance with ASTM C173/C173M. 4. Maximum Slump: 3 inches. 5. Maximum Aggregate Size: 3/4 inch. CONCRETE PAVING Job # Page 2 Copyright THA

7 2.06 MIXING A. Transit Mixers: Comply with ASTM C94/C94M. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 EXAMINATION A. Verify compacted subgrade is acceptable and ready to support paving and imposed loads. B. Verify gradients and elevations of base are correct SUBBASE A. Prepare subbase in accordance with State of Michigan Highways standards PREPARATION A. Moisten base to minimize absorption of water from fresh concrete. B. Coat surfaces of manhole frames with oil to prevent bond with concrete pavement FORMING A. Place and secure forms to correct location, dimension, profile, and gradient. B. Assemble formwork to permit easy stripping and dismantling without damaging concrete. C. Place joint filler vertical in position, in straight lines. Secure to formwork during concrete placement REINFORCEMENT A. Place reinforcement as indicated COLD AND HOT WEATHER CONCRETING A. Follow recommendations of ACI 305R when concreting during hot weather. B. Follow recommendations of ACI 306R when concreting during cold weather. C. Do not place concrete when base surface temperature is less than 40 degrees F, or surface is wet or frozen PLACING CONCRETE A. Place concrete in accordance with ACI 304R. B. Do not place concrete when base surface is wet. C. Ensure reinforcement, inserts, embedded parts, formed joints are not disturbed during concrete placement. D. Place concrete continuously over the full width of the panel and between predetermined construction joints. Do not break or interrupt successive pours such that cold joints occur. E. Place concrete to pattern indicated PLACING CONCRETE CURBS A. Joints shall be constructed perpendicular to the surfaces and shall not vary more than 1/4 inch from their designated position. Contraction joints shall be spaced at 50 foot intervals and shall be at least 1/4 the thickness of the section. Steel reinforcing shall not extend through contraction joints. Expansion joints shall be constructed at spring points, at intervals not exceeding 400 feet, and 10 to 50 feet each side of a drainage structure. Expansion joints shall be 1 inch thick and extend through the full cross section of the curb and gutter. Plane-of-weakness joints shall be provided at uniform spacing, not exceeding 10 feet. Plane-of-weakness joints shall extend through at least 1/4 the thickness of the section. B. Any material required to fill low spots shall be obtained from the mixture used in the work. Exposed surfaces shall be finished smooth and even by means of a moistened wood float, followed by light brushing. C. The top of curb shall not vary more than 3/16 inch in 10 feet when using a 10 foot straight edge. Other surfaces shall not vary more than 3/8 inch in 10 feet. D. Water shall not be added as an aid to finishing. E. Exposed concrete surfaces shall be cured using specified membrane curing compound applied uniformly at a rate of 200 square feet per gallon. Curing compound shall be applied regardless of temperature or humidity conditions. Job #14270 CONCRETE PAVING Copyright THA Page 3

8 3.09 JOINTS A. Align curb, gutter, and sidewalk joints. B. Place 1/2 inch wide expansion joints at 20 foot intervals and to separate paving from vertical surfaces and other components and in pattern indicated. 1. Form joints with joint filler extending from bottom of pavement to within 1/2 inch of finished surface. 2. Secure to resist movement by wet concrete. C. Install joint sealant when joints are at mid-range of anticipated movement. 1. Use backer rod or bond breaker tape to prevent bond at base of joint. D. Provide rotary machine tooled & scored joints utilizing a blade similar to an "XL 6 V25" by SOFF CUT INTERNATIONAL, Inc. or one reviewed by the Design Professional. Joints shall occur at intervals equal to width of sidewalk or slab unless indicated otherwise on Drawings. E. Provide scored joints: 1. As shown on Drawings FINISHING A. Area: Light broom, texture perpendicular to pavement direction. B. Sidewalk Paving: Light broom, texture perpendicular to direction of travel with troweled and radiused edge 1/4 inch radius. C. Curbs and Gutters: Light broom, texture parallel to pavement direction. D. Place curing compound on exposed concrete surfaces immediately after finishing. Apply in accordance with manufacturer's instructions TOLERANCES A. Maximum Variation of Surface Flatness: 1/4 inch in 10 ft. B. Maximum Variation From True Position: 1/4 inch FIELD QUALITY CONTROL A. An independent testing agency will perform field quality control tests, as specified in Construction Manager's General Requirements:. 1. Provide free access to concrete operations at project site and cooperate with appointed firm. 2. Submit proposed mix design of each class of concrete to inspection and testing firm for review prior to commencement of concrete operations. 3. Tests of concrete and concrete materials may be performed at any time to ensure conformance with specified requirements. B. Compressive Strength Tests: ASTM C39/C39M. For each test, mold and cure three concrete test cylinders. Obtain test samples for every 100 cu yd or less of each class of concrete placed. 1. Take one additional test cylinder during cold weather concreting, cured on job site under same conditions as concrete it represents. 2. Perform one slump test for each set of test cylinders taken. C. Maintain records of placed concrete items. Record date, location of pour, quantity, air temperature, and test samples taken PROTECTION A. Immediately after placement, protect pavement from premature drying, excessive hot or cold temperatures, and mechanical injury. B. Do not permit pedestrian traffic over pavement for 7 days minimum after finishing. END OF SECTION CONCRETE PAVING Job # Page 4 Copyright THA