How to Quantify the Economic Benefit of Using BIM to Detect Design Errors: Case Study D3 City Project in Seoul, Korea

Transcription

1 2013/SOM3/SCSC/WKSP2/014 Session 6 How to Quantify the Economic Benefit of Using BIM to Detect Design Errors: Case Study D3 City Project in Seoul, Korea Submitted by: Yonsei University Joint APEC-ASEAN Workshop - How Building Information Modeling Standards Can Improve Building Performance Medan, Indonesia June 2013

2 How to Quantify the Economic Benefit of Using BIM to Detect Design Errors Case Study D 3 City Project in Seoul, Korea APEC BIM Workshop Ghang Lee, Ph.D., Associate Professor Director, Building Informatics Group Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University glee@yonsei.ac.kr Designed by Ohyoon Kwon Hardware Main Research/Teaching Interests Information Technology (IT) in Construction Building Information Modeling (BIM) Parametric and constraint-based modeling Rule-based design/constructability analysis Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology Software engineering Interoperability/Data exchange Software Social-cultural Technical 1

3 Hardware Main Research/Teaching Interests Information Technology (IT) in Construction Building Information Modeling (BIM) Construction devices and methods Automation in construction Parametric and constraint-based modeling Rule-based design/constructability analysis Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology Software engineering Interoperability/Data exchange Software Social-cultural Technical Hardware Main Research/Teaching Interests Information Technology (IT) in Construction Building Information Modeling (BIM) Construction devices and methods Automation in construction Usability/User experience BIM collaboration network Software Indicators for evaluating technology adoption in construction Productivity analysis Social-cultural BIM-based collaboration and coordination Parametric and constraint-based modeling Rule-based design/constructability analysis Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology Software engineering Interoperability/Data exchange Technical 2

4 BIM Uses R. Kreider, J. Messner, and C. Dubler, "Determining the frequency and impact of applying BIM for different purposes on building projects," in 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC), Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA,

5 Most Beneficial Ways of Using BIM Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, p. 32 Outline Current practice BIM-assisted Error Detection and Coordination Case study How to quantify the economic benefits of using BIM to detect design errors. 4

6 Current Practice How do we use BIM today? Game #1 Plan Front Right Left Back (a) G. Lee, A Hitchhiker's Guide to BIM - Reading BIM through 43 Questions. Seoul: Pixelhouse, Based on: Kang, J.H., Anderson, S.D., and Clayton, M.J Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-Based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 133(6):

7 Game #2 (b) G. Lee, A Hitchhiker's Guide to BIM - Reading BIM through 43 Questions. Seoul: Pixelhouse, Based on: Kang, J.H., Anderson, S.D., and Clayton, M.J Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-Based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 133(6): Source: James G. Davis Construction 6

8 Source: James G. Davis Construction BIM [bim] - abbr. 1 building information model 2 building information modeling 3 informal building information management 4 informal building information modeling software A digital representation of (the) physical and functional characteristics of a facility US Army Corps of Engineers, "Building Information Modeling (BIM)," The development and use of a computer software model to simulate the construction and operation of a facility AGC, "The Contractors' Guide to BIM," The Associated General Contractors (AGC) of America, Arlington, VA, USA2006. About 44 BIM Guidelines South Korea: 5 United States: 27 Europe: 7 Oceania: 3 South Asia: 2 7

9 The Essence of BIM Rehearsal "Visual Communication BIM-Assisted Automated Error (Clash) Detection - Example Source: DPR Construction 8

10 OK. I m convinced. But how much can I benefit from BIM? SmartMarket Report Series 1. Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2007). Interoperability in the Construction Industry. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2008). Building Information Modeling (BIM) - Transforming Design and Construction to Achieve Greater Industry Productivity. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2009) Business Value of BIM. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2010) Business Value of BIM in Europe. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2010). Green BIM - How Building Information Modeling is Contributing to Green Design and Construction. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2012) Business Value of BIM for Infrastructure. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2012) Business Value of BIM in North America. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: Lee, G., J. Lee, et al. (2012) Business Value of BIM in South Korea. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction. 9

11 Perceived ROI (Return on Investment) Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, p. 19 Perceived Benefits vs. Actual Benefits 10

12 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Perceived ease of use Perceived usefulness Two drivers for user acceptance of information technology Ref: F. D. David, "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology," MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, pp , How can we quantify the economic value of BIM-based early design error detection? 11

13 7/6/2013 Case Study How to quantify the economic benefits of using BIM in detecting design errors? D3 (D-Cube) City Source: D-Cube City, 12

14 D 3 City Types of Design Errors - Illogical Design Illogical Design G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp ,

15 Types of Design Errors Discrepancy Discrepancies between drawings G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp , Types of Design Errors - Missing Information Missing Missing Information G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp ,

16 Frequency of Errors Missing items 27% Illogical Design 22% Discrepancy 51% First Challenge: Rework Cost Calculation Reinforcement costs + Direct construction costs + Delay. X 2 15

17 The Second Challenge Experienced engineers can find most design errors before construction. Percentage of Errors A total of 52% Unlikely to find 50:50 chance Likely to find G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp ,

18 G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp , Interpretation of Likelihood Static Approach Cost of Errors 25% 50% 75% Likelihood of Detecting Errors Static Approach 17

19 Interpretation of Likelihood Probabilistic Approach Cost of Errors 25% 50% 75% Likelihood of Detecting Errors Probabilistic Approach BIM ROI 18

20 Potential saving from design error avoidance G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp , Expected Saving in terms of the total construction costs US$ Percentage Accumulative Total construction costs 583,000,000 Prevented rework costs 1,455, % One-week delay 1,335, % 0.48% One-month delay 5,340, % 1.17% 19

21 40% of raw materials use Construction Market US Geological Survey, Material Flow and Sustainability Most importantly The project team felt that this BIM ROI analysis method and its results were reliable. 20

22 Lessons Learned Data must be collected during construction. A detailed data collection scheme (including metrics, data collection process and forms) must be established before construction. The data collection process should not be an additional task, but should rather be assimilated as a part of a team s daily work process. Metrics National/Economy Level Organization Level Project Level 21

23 Metrics National/Economy Level Organization Level Project Level P. Teicholz. (2004). Labor Productivity Declines in the Construction Industry: Causes and Remedies. Available: 22

24 A Comparative Analysis of the Construction Labor Productivity US Japan S. Korea UK J.-S. Won and G. Lee, "An analysis of the international competitiveness of productivity in the Korean construction industry " Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, vol. 9, pp SLIM BIM Indexes Diamond Web Depth of BIM Implementation 100% Level of BIM Adoption 0% Years using BIM Level of BIM Proficiency S. Korea (2012) N. America (2009) N. America (2012) W. Europe (2010) BIG, (2012) SLIM BIM & BIM SLAM 23

25 SLIM BIM Indexes Rugby Ball South Korea (2012) N. America (2009) N. America (2012) W. Europe (2010) BIG, (2012) SLIM BIM & BIM SLAM Engagement Index H. M. Bernstein, S. A. Jones, M. A. Russo, D. Laquidara-Carr, W. Taylor, J. Ramos, et al., "2012 Business Value of BIM in North America," McGraw Hill Construction, Bedford, MA

26 Metrics National/Economy Level Organization Level Project Level BIM SLAM Indexes Goal Use Key Performance Index BIM Goal 1 e.g., cost reduction BIM Goal 2 e.g., energy saving BIM Use 1 e.g., design coordination BIM Use 2 e.g., design review BIM KPI 1 e.g., labor productivity BIM KPI 2 e.g., # of RFIs BIM KPI 3 e.g., planned vs. actual schedule 25

27 BIM SLAM Indexes Selected BIM KPIs BIM KPIs BIM Uses Goals 26

28 Thank you. 27