ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FACTORS

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FACTORS

2 OBJECTIVES Identify and explain the impact and effects of environmental factors in the design and construction of a residential structure. Integrate the importance of considering environmental factors in developing a sound building form and design.

3 ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why is the physical proportion of human figures an important aspect in architectural drafting and design?

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5 Video Analysis Evaluate the design and then answer the following guide questions: owhat are the ecological problems that motivate Japan to develop eco-friendly house design? owhat are the latest innovations that you see in the traditional Japanese houses?

6 Video Analysis Evaluate the design and then answer the following evaluative questions: ohow does the innovation in house design contribute to the energy conservation? oexplain the vortex effect in the house design?

7 Video Analysis Evaluate the design and then answer the following evaluative questions: oin solving the problem of humidity during summer in our country, do you think the innovation applied in the video can also be adapted in our country? How?

8 Sustainable Development ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FACTOR

9 The following are the considerations related to building design: Topography Land forms and ground slopes affect the building form, its relationship to the ground plane, the type of foundation and most especially the cost of construction. Figure 1. Buildings Sit on Different Ground Slopes.

10 The following are the considerations related to building design: SOIL- is composed of gaseous, water, organic and rock constituents. Soil supports practically all buildings be it vertical or horizontal structures, above ground or beneath sea floor support.

11 The following are the considerations related to building design: (continuation) Figure 2. Types of soil SOIL- Building design as to structural capacity depends on the type of soil and its strength under loading. The type of soil greatly affects the type of vegetation it will support.

12 The following are the considerations related to building design: VEGETATION The type and location of vegetation affects the site micro-climate, solar radiation, wind, air temperature as well as the size and forms of openings. Planting trees and vegetation provide shade and glare protection see (figure 3).

13 Trees and other vegetation also aid in soil stability, increase permeability to water and air, and further prevent soil erosion. However, planting trees too close to the building may disrupt the structure s foundation system as well as the underground communication, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing lines (see figure 4) Figure 4. Vegetation May Disrupt the Buildings Foundation System

14 The following are the considerations related to building design:

15 The sun s thermal, hygienic, and psychological benefits can be maximized by considering the appropriate building s form, location, and orientation in relation to the building s east west surface exposure. Figure 5 6. Orientation in relation to the building s east west surface exposure

16 The following are the considerations related to building design: Figure 7. The sun s rays should be allowed to penetrate and to be absorbed by a building but should be blocked when undesirable. How it penetrates interior spaces depends on the type, size and placement of a building s window and door openings.

17 The following are the considerations related to building design: Since the most important areas and spaces of a house are conventionally located in the east and west sides of the building, exposure of these sides from solar radiation can be minimized if not eliminated by making as much as possible the longer side of the building faces south. Figure 8-9

18 The following are the considerations related to building design: If unavoidable, shading devices should be utilized to cover a building s surfaces and interior spaces from undesirable solar radiation. Examples of these solar shading devices are the: roof overhang, louvers, blinds and drapes (see figure 10). Figure 10. Common Types of Solar Shading Device

19 The following are the considerations related to building design: PRECIPITATION Precipitation is the process where water falls to earth in the form of rain or snow. The prevalence and amount of precipitation affects the roof form and its construction and the resultant stress load on the structure. It also affects the type of site drainage system, choice and cost of building materials and the entire design of the structure ( see figure 71). Figure 11. Roof Slopes

20 The following are the considerations related to building design: WIND Wind is the movement of air over the earth s surface. Wind prevalence, velocity, temperature and direction are important site considerations in all climactic regions. Figure 12. Passive Shading

21 The following are the considerations related to building design: WIND Wind variations should be considered in designing residential structure at the same time evaluating its potential effect on the said design. Wind velocity can be reduced or blocked by means of windbreakers. Windbreakers may be in the form of earth mounds, trees and other vegetation, fences or other structures.

22 The following are the considerations related to building design: VIEW View is the act of seeing or looking at something as of a picture, landscape or scenery. Besides satisfying natural light and ventilation requirements, window openings should be designed and positioned to frame desirable views. Windows should also open directly to a garden, yard, court, public street or open water courses. Figure 13.

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24 Electronic source: Green Architecture In Japan video clip Singapore- Urban Redevelopment Authority(URA) video clip graphics from google.com Book: Architecture Drafting and Design by Donald E. Hepler, et al. Basic and Advanced Architectural Drafting and Design by N. Macalalad United Eferza Academic Publications Co.,2010