Designing Green Buildings With. Copyright Materials. Acknowledgements. Joe Pasma, PE - Background. Learning Objectives

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1 Designing Green Buildings With Structuralt Insulated Panels Tom Milton, Technical Director, WoodWorks Joe Pasma PE, Premier Building Systems Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Acknowledgements Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. Wood Products Council A Special Thanks-- to the following people and companies for sharing slides, photos and advice in preparing this presentation: Joe Pasma, PE Premier Building Systems Bill Wachtler Structural Insulated Panel Association Curt Stendel Panelworks Plus Inc. Terry Dieken Extreme Panel Technologies John Calkins Pacemaker\Plymouth Foam Ron Gleysteen Enercept Inc. Al Cobb SIP School APA-The Engineered Wood Association Thank You! Learning Objectives Joe Pasma, PE - Background Participants will understand what SIPs are, and how they are constructed. Participants will understand why SIP's benefits make them an appropriate choice for many building applications. Participants will be able to visualize how a SIP building is constructed and contrast SIP building details to a conventional wood framed building or non-wood building. Participants will understand the codes, standards, performance testing, and certification procedures that pertain to SIPs Participants will understand structural capabilities of SIPs including representative spans and loads. BCE and MCE from the University of MN Registered PE Licensed General Contractor in MN for over ten years consulting engineering firms in the Minneapolis, MN 1992 started t work in the SIP industry AFM Corporation / R-Control as structural engineer general contracting business in the Minneapolis - Saint Paul, MN market. Sold and installed SIPs and ICFs. Sales engineer for Premier Building Systems from May of 2007 Premier Building Systems Technical Manager 9

2 Tom Milton - Background Structural Insulated Panel Association BS-Forestry, U of MN MS-Forest Products & Adult Education, U of MN 25 years Forest Products Specialist, University of Minnesota Extension Service 3 years, Engineered Wood Specialist, MN Territory, APA- The Engineered Wood Association 2009 to present, Technical Director, WoodWorks-North Central The Structural Insulated Panel Association (SIPA) is a non-profit association representing manufacturers, suppliers, fabricator/ distributors, design professionals, and builders committed to providing quality structural insulated panels for all segments of the construction industry. SIPs are composite, high performance, self-supporting, structural building panels with an insulating core of rigid foam usually EPS and structural facings or skins, most commonly of 7/16 thick oriented strand board (OSB). Where do you use SIPs? Typically, the exterior envelope is where SIPs are used Insulated floors, walls and roofs Residential and non-residential buildings 13 History of SIP Development Development of stressed-skin panels for buildings began in the 1930s. Engineering and durability testing was conducted at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in Madison, Wisconsin, a facility operated by the U.S. Forest Service s FPL developed Stress Skin Panels FL Wright creates/uses non-insulated plywood sandwich panels 1950 s Alden B.Dow experiments w/ foam plastic & plywood sandwich panels 1960 s Alside Home introduce production improvements 1980 s OSB Introduced, a number of manufacturers producing SIPs 1990 s SIP Automation, SIPA formed by SIP Mfgrs 2000 s CAD/CAM Integration, Approx 75 US SIP Mfgrs FPL tested the concept of using skins to carry a portion of structural loads by building a small house in Wall studs in the panels were 3/4 x 2 ½, rather than the usual 2 x 4. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated the house, and the structure is currently a daycare center run by the University of Wisconsin.

3 Building Panels FPL scientists reasoned that if skins could take part of the structural loads, maybe they could eliminate framing entirely. Engineering theory was developed and tested, and a complete structure was built in 1947 using corrugated paperboard. This structure was heated, humidified, and exposed to Wisconsin weather for 31 years. The structure was disassembled periodically for testing to observe changes in panel stiffness, and bowing was minimal. In 1969 foam cores were introduced to form the modern structural insulated panel. Include many configurations and names: Foam-core panels Stress-skin panels Nail-base panels Sandwich panels Curtain-wall panels May or may not be structural* and May or may not be insulated* *key to SIPs RIGID FOAM CORE Rigid Foam Insulation Structural Facings Structural Adhesive Optional Electrical Chases Also included in EPS- insect inhibitor, and flame retardant Material may be: Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)- 85% of SIPcores Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Polyurethane Polyisocyanurate STRUCTURAL FACINGS Although OSB is most common, material may be plywood, FRP, metal, or cementious composites SIPs RTA Panelized System Combining the efficiency of panelization and accuracy of machine cut panels in creating 5 building elements all at once: Metal Cementitious/Composite 1) Structural Assembly 2) Insulation 3) Air Barrier and Vapor Retarder 4) Wire chases included 5) Flat Nailable Surfaces for interior and exterior finishes SIPs are built for speed!

4 Why Use SIPs? Super Strength Why Use SIPs? Super Strength A tornado in Tennessee: Entire neighborhood demolished, but SIP house still standing, and no broken dishes! A SIP is somewhat like an I-Beam I- Beam Web = SIP Core I-Beam Flanges = SIP Skins or Facings Why Use SIPs? Super Strength January 1995-Kobe, Japan 7.2 magnitude earthquake Damage over $100 billion Six SIP homes Suffered NO structural damage 1998-Clermont, Georgia This SIP house survived a tornado with superficial damage while 27 conventional houses around it were destroyed. Why Use SIPs? Energy Savings! 4 SIP wall rated at R-14 out performs 6 stud wall with R-19 fiberglass Less thermal bridging, No convective loops Oak Ridge National Laboratory Whole Wall R-Value Study * * o.c.; with batts with rounded shoulders, 2% cavity voids, no compression around wiring, paper facer stapled to inside of stud Why Use SIPs? Energy Savings! ORNL blower door tests reveal that SIP test rooms are15 times more air-tight than stick framed counterparts 50-70% annual savings over Model Energy Code Framing factor: 3% SIP house vs 15-25% stick built house Why Use SIPs? Energy Savings! If your client wants energy efficiency use SIPs Many studies substantiate the energy efficiency of SIPs Up to 40% of a home s heat loss is due to air leakage SIPs have demonstrated amazingly low blower door test results when properly sealed Based on the reliable performance of SIPs, ENERGY STAR for homes has eliminated the required blower door test for SIP homes to meet ENERGY STAR standards SIPs SAVE Energy! 27

5 Universal Assembly A typical SIP wall is bi-laterally symetrical the resistance to vapor flow is identical from one side of the panel centerline to the next. SIPs are forgiving if they get wet assuming that they are not covered either inside or outside with a nonbreathing or fully adhered impermeable membrane. SIP buildings are well suited for all climate types SIPs-Advantages For Contractors SIPs Save Time, Labor and Money! Fewer man hours per building SIP installation easy to learn Speed of construction-60% faster than stick frame construction Pre-engineered with all window/door openings, headers, and point loads accounted for Minimal framing needed Faster weatherproofing reduces moisture exposure for all products Integrates easily with other building systems SIPs-Advantages For Contractors SIPs Save Time, Labor and Money! Shell enclosed and dried in quicklysubs starts sooner, finish faster Electrical chases provided Drywall hangs faster: no nail pops, no cracks, no callbacks Uniform & straight nailing surfaces Trim labor reduced Less pilferage of materials Less jobsite waste Less temporary heat required Temporary electrical reduced Smaller HVAC equipment required When do you use SIPs? If your builder wants labor savings use SIPs SIPs save up to 55% on labor 31 SIPs-Advantages for Owners SIPs Create comfortable environments & savings Green products and processes No drafts, greater comfort Extremely quiet to ambient sounds Clean, controlled ventilation, exceptional IAQ Extremely strong--high wind & seismic capacity Greater sense of safety & security Lower energy costs, heating & cooling typically 40% to 60% less Happy, healthy occupants! SIPs-Green Benefits Energy efficiency 50-70% less energy Resource efficiency OSB-from renewable, sustainable harvested resource EPS cores-use non-cfc blowing agent, 98% air Waste minimization-less job-site waste Environmentally friendly manufacturing- mfg residues recycled Healthy indoor air quality Qualify for green building programs SIPs help the environment Reduced heating, cooling and electrical loads means: Reduced emissions, less air pollution (Energy House III Data) Carbon Dioxide 36,936.0 lbs/year less Building an energy efficient envelope will do far more to conserve resources than filling the home with green or sustainable products. - Green Builder Magazine

6 When do you use SIPs? Architectural reasons to use SIPs: LEED & California Green Building Standards Sustainable Building Requirements Energy Savings & Design considerations Capabilities Move in quicker, start cash flowing 34 Wendy s Restaurants Design Capabilities Compatible with different roof structures Ridge Beam 4 OC or greater Steel Bar Joists Timber Frame. Capabilities Cathedral Ceilings Design Flexibility Design Flexibility Unique, complex roof designs Design Advantages Integrated system Close tolerances Complex CNC cutting Large Spans Curved Panels 40

7 Multifamily Market Elementary School - WA Photo Courtesy: Premier Building Systems Educational Facilities South Pole Building Photo Courtesy: Enercept, Inc. Minuteman Commons, Lincoln, MA Photo Courtesy: Insulspan School-Las Vegas, NV Photo Courtesy: Premier Building Systems From country Clubs to Clinics Tewksbury Country Club Premier BankCard Building Enercept-Watertown, SD Banks and Museums SIPs provide a safe, quiet, dust-free environmnet Alaska Clinic Photo Courtesy: Premier Building Systems Redlin Art Center Enercept-Watertown, SD SIPs provide complete enclosure to Timber framed Buildings Post framed Buildings Steel Framed Buildings SIPs Well suited to assisted living facilities

8 How do you incorporate SIPs? Joe Pasma, PE, Premier Building Systems Technical specs Panel connection details Loads and spans Design considerations You don t have to do anything special to use SIPs. PBS will convert from sticks to SIPs on your projects. The following slides will give you things to think about if you want to incorporate PBS SIPs into your designs. 47 Panel Sizes PBS panels can be manufactured in sizes from 2 x8 Up to 8 x24 Panel Sizes Post and beam spacing is optimized in multiples of 4 increments Panel Sizes Post and beam spacing is optimized in 4 increments. For roof panels, spans of 12 to 16 work well. Panel Sizes Post and beam spacing is optimized in 4 increments. For roof beams, spans of 12 to 16 work well. Posts can easily be incorporated at wall panel joints if this 4 incremental spacing is used

9 Panel Thicknesses / R-Value There are five nominal panel thicknesses. The core dimensions match dimensional 2x s: 3½,5½ 7 ¼, 9 ¼, 11 ¼ Panel Thicknesses / R-Value The 3-½ and 5-½ panels are typically used for walls. The 7-¼, 9-¼ & 11-¼ panels are typically used for floors and roofs Panel Thicknesses / R-Value The core R-Values are: 3½ core 5½ core 7¼ core 9¼ core 11 ¼ core R-Value reported at 75 0 F is an FTC requirement. As the temperature decreases the R-Value increases. Panels are usually priced in some incremental fashion. Common pricing increments are: 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 If the entire length of panel is not used, it is still paid for. Check with the Mfg you are working with. Pricing of Panels Splines - Panel Connectors SIP mfgrs typically have three basic types of splines or panel connectors. Listed in order of cost effectiveness they are: The block or surface spline. The I-Joist spline. The lumber spline. Splines - Panel Connectors The block or surface spline. Either a 3 wide mini panel or A 3 wide piece of OSB This spline type does not increase the panels span capability. Used with all width panels including 8 wide panels

10 Splines - Panel Connectors The I-Joist spline. Less thermal bridging than with solid lumber splines. Adds strength to the panels. Maximum spacing of 4 oc This limits the maximum width of panel to 4 with this type of spline. Splines - Panel Connectors The lumber spline. Double 2x s are used. LVL or glulam may be used. Maximum spacing is 4 oc Adds strength to the panels both axially and transverse Floor Panel Applications Panels are used as floors when the insulation is needed. Examples include: Over crawl spaces. Above a garage. g Three or four season porches. Not used in conditioned spaces because you can t run mechanicals through the panels. Floor Panel Details Floor panels must have a minimum of 1 ½ of bearing on the bottom skin. If ledger type bearing is used there is typically a capacity reduction Floor Panel Details Floor panels can extend to the outside of the supporting beam or foundation wall. Floor panels can stop before the exterior envelope. Check the MFR span charts for design capacities. Each spline type will have different capacities. Typically, floor panels can span upwards of 14 to 16 depending on the spline type used. Floor Panel Details 62 63

11 Floor panels can not cantilever over a support and carry wall loads from above. Solid blocking must be incorporated beneath posts from above. The EPS core will compress if solid blocking is not used. Floor Panel Details Wall Panels Most walls are 5 ½ core panels because of minimum R-19 insulation requirements. Wall panel heights and widths are customized for each project. Both skins of the wall panel must be in bearing at the bottom of the panel Wall Panels Wall panels will have capacities for both: Axial loading Transverse loading Check MFR load charts for each. Different capacities for lumber and box splines. Current Industry Assembly Standards for wall panel connection to foundations Wall Panel Details Typical platform bearing of floor framing on SIP walls can be used. You must insulate the rim cavity. You must provide for diaphragm shear transfer. This condition is typical to stick framing. Diaphragm shear transfer into walls is not so good. Clip angles req d Rim panels can be used on top of foundation walls: Mini wall panel Makes for platform type framing conditions. Top flange hanger detail is useful for multilevel construction. Good diaphragm shear transfer into walls from floor diaphragm. Wall Panel Details 68 69

12 The top and bottom of the wall panel will have 2x plating. The top of the wall may have a cap plate for additional bearing capacity. Wall panels will have 2x plating at the corners or changes in direction along with long screw fasteners. Wall Panel Details 71 Openings will have 2x plating surrounding the opening. Maintain a minimum of 1 at the corners to an opening. Maintain a minimum of 1 above openings to allow for headers: SIP header Insulated headers Conventional headers Wall Panel Details Wall panels will have 1 to 1.5 diameter electrical chases Horizontally Vertically Top and bottom plates are drilled during installation to access the vertical electrical chases. Wall Panel Details Wall Panel Details Three top of wall details are commonly used: Square cut wall panel with 2x beveled wedge Square cut wall panel with solid beveled block Beveled wall panel Current Industry Assembly Standards Roof To Wall Connections 74

13 Roof Panels Most roofs are 9 ¼ core panels because of minimum R-38 insulation requirements. No Attic - Vaulted ceilings are common. Minimum 1 ½ req d for bearing of bottom skin. Common overhang details: Square cut roof panel Plumb cut roof panel Ladder framing Reduced overhang details: Roof Panel Details Sealing Sealing is crucial to eliminating air infiltration increasing energy efficiency preventing moisture intrusion Seal with SIP Sealant Expanding foam SIP tape Sill Seal SIPs create a very tight envelope. Mastic at joints 0.05 ACH for SIPs 1 ACH for tight stick Require mechanical air exchange system. Depressurize the building Misc Info 79 Performance & Strength Tested Building Code Compliance SIPA members must have independent Third Party testing and verification of Quality Assurance Programs. Testing follows ASTM Standards. ICC Evaluation Service Read the Evaluation Report carefully to understand specific limitations of use.

14 Fire Resistance 15 minute burn test 0.5 gypsum drywall per NFPA 286 or ASTM E119 Attached edaccod accordingtomanufacturers uactues specifications FSI < 75 Smoke development rating < 450 One-hour system available Two-hour system available Designing Green Buildings With Structural Insulated Panels Thank You! Tom Milton, Technical Director, WoodWorks Joe Pasma PE, Premier Building Systems