The Concrete Industry

Transcription

1 September 4, 202 What s Up in the Concrete Industry? What s Up in the Concrete Industry? That I know something about Ken Hover, P.E. Cornell University Ken Hover, P.E. Cornell University Vocabulary The Concrete Industry But what kind of Concrete? New Vocabulary Energy Sustainability, Resilience Environmental Regulations Reclamation Emissions, ppm Beneficial Use Carbon, Mercury, Arsenic, Heavy Metal Footprint Health Effects kch7@cornell.edu

2 September 4, 202 New Collaborations Defining the Industry (in log-log coordinates) nm m mm m km Mm nm m mm m km Mm Concrete s Dimensions Haul Distance Concrete Plants & Quarries Bridge Spans Tall Buildings Typ. Buildings Col. Spacing, Beam Spans Member Dimensions Global Shipping Overl Shipping Haul Distance Concrete Plants & Quarries Bridge Spans Tall Buildings Typ. Buildings Col. Spacing, Beam Spans Member Dimensions Global Shipping Overl Shipping Construction Equipment Construction Equipment People H Tools & Test Equipment Reinf. Spacing Reinf. Cover Reinforcing Steel Fiber Diameter Fiber Length Air Bubbles & Voids Coarse Agg Fine Agg(S) SF, PFA, Cement Gel Pores Capillary Pores CSH Layer Spacing Water Molecule People H Tools & Test Equipment Reinf. Spacing Reinf. Cover Reinforcing Steel Fiber Diameter 6 Fiber Length Air Bubbles & Voids Coarse Agg Fine Agg(S) SF, PFA, Cement Gel Pores Capillary Pores CSH Layer Spacing Water Molecule E-0 E-009 E-008 E-007 E-006 E E-0 E-009 E-008 E-007 E-006 E nm Gel Pores m SF, PFA, Cement CSH Layer Spacing Water Molecule mm m km Mm Tall Buildings Typ. Buildings Col. Spacing, Beam Spans Member Dimensions Construction Equipment H Tools & Test Equipment Fiber Diameter Capillary Pores Reinf. Spacing Reinf. Cover Reinforcing Steel Haul Distance Concrete Plants & Quarries Bridge Spans People Fiber Length Air Bubbles & Voids Coarse Agg Fine Agg(S) Human Vision Global Shipping Overl Shipping 0 years Lifetime 20 years years Owner Planning 2 years 6 months 56-days Design Construction Planning Form & Shore Design Mix Design & Proportioning Latest date to cast 28-day samples Preconstruction Testing Order form matls & accesories Acquire / Install Plant & Equipment Aquire Concrete Materials 50 years week Research & Development Technical Education & Training Business Education & Training 5 years 5 years Concrete History & Tradition year 90-days Codes & Stards day Erect Shoring & Formwork 28-days Install inserts & embedded items Install Reinforcing hour Inspect Forms & Reinforcing Plan Crew Coordinate Equipment Set-up & Test Equipment Order Concrete min min sec Concrete s Time Scale (Pre-Batching) Prepare for Conc. Testing Find Equipment Find Crew Concrete Arrives E-0 E-009 E-008 E-007 E-006 E Time Before Batching Concrete (hrs) kch7@cornell.edu 2

3 Structural Engineers Assn. of Ohio September 4, 202 sec min min Concrete s Slump Loss Ca(OH) 2 Production hour Hydration day Strength Gain week 56-days 6 months 28-days 90-days 2 years years 20 years Lifetime Owner Derives Income Contractor Pays Supplier Owner Pays Contractor Material Charged to Owner Material Invoiced Material Expense Incurred Structural Repair Time Scale Steel Corrosion Appears Later-Season Scaling First-Season Scaling Service Environment (Post-Batching) Curing Environment Initial Concrete Temperature Service Loading Construction Loading Shore/Falsework Removal Form Tightening Form Removal Slip Forming Prestressing Testing Fresh Concrete Testing Hard Concrete Finishing Mixing Transport Placing Time After Batching Concrete (hrs) year 5 years 5 years 50 years 0 years Charac cteristic Size (Mete rs) E-005 E-006 E-007 E-008 E-009 E Training Education Research Construction The Constructed Facility Planning & Design Geologic Past Strength Evaluation Gain Repair Cement Research Years in Past Years in Future 0 00 Years prior to casting Years after casting Training Education Research Construction The Constructed Facility Training Education Research Construction The Constructed Facility Charac cteristic Size (Mete rs) E-005 E-006 E-007 Geologic Past Planning & Design Strength Gain Evaluation Repair Charac cteristic Size (Mete rs) E-005 E-006 E-007 Geologic Past Planning & Design Strength Gain Evaluation Repair E-008 Cement Research E-008 Cement Research E-009 E-009 E-0 E Years in Past Years prior to casting 0. Years in Future 0 00 Years after casting Years in Past Years prior to casting 0. Years in Future 0 00 Years after casting CO 2 Release Sustainability Zone Gas Comments on Sustainability Material kch7@cornell.edu 3

4 September 4, 202 Impact on Fresh Concrete The Fly Ash Conundrum Workability Pumpability / Finishability Water Dem Heat output, Bleeding, Impact on Hardened Concrete Strength Abrasion Resistance Frost resistance ASR Sulfate Resistance Pozzolans Differ in: Particle Size & Shape Impurities Uniformity C, S Reactivity Quality Control Issues Composition Impurities Grading Variability Manage Disadvantages Rate of strength gain Bleeding Surface Drying Scaling & Freeze-thaw resistance: AEA Dosage Scaling Resistance-Finish Curing kch7@cornell.edu 4

5 Ag Al As Au Ba Br Ca Cd Ce CI Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Eu Fe Hf Hg I In K La Lu Mg Mn Mo Na Nd Ni P Pb Rb S Sb Sc Se Si Sm Sr Ta Tb Th Ti U V W Yb Zn Zr Element Type C Ash Type F Ash Cement Aggregate Structural Engineers Assn. of Ohio September 4, 202 If Coal Fly Ash were not a waste material Full Elemental Analysis of Coal Fly Ash, Portl Cement, Combined Coarse Fine Aggregates. We would still want to use it in concrete Fly ash concrete can be value-added Concentr ration (ppm) Elemental Analysis For Specific Samples of Type C Ash, Type F Ash, Portl Cement, Blended Coarse Fine Aggregate FHWA-RD-0-023, Eighmy, Cook, Coviello, Spear, Hover, Pinto, Hobbs, June 200 Typical Ratios of Component Batch Weight Compared to Fly Ash ggregates Combined A Cement Fly Ash Performance Specifications agg cement ash Engineering Education The American Concrete Association kch7@cornell.edu 5

6 September 4, 202 Globalization The word foreign is losing its meaning United Airlines Re-Organized ACI 38 Code 6