TRELLEBORG RIDDERKERK B.V.

Transcription

1 B.V. ANDRE Structural Isolation Bearings Vereniging van Kunststof en Rubber Technologen December 10, 2009 Ashley Haines

2 Rubber Springs to Protect Buildings Development and durability of laminated natural rubber bearings Basic theory of isolation Vibration isolation of the RACM-KADE building in Amersfoort Seismic isolation 2

3 Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889) 3 Courtesy of Rubber Consultants

4 Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889) A section of the 100-year old rubber still in good condition 1 division is 1mm 4 Courtesy of Rubber Consultants

5 Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889) Courtesy of Rubber Consultants 5

6 Pelham Bridge, Lincoln, UK (1957) Courtesy of Rubber Consultants 6

7 Pelham Bridge Bearings (1957), Tested in 1994 Stiffness increase over 37 years 7 % Courtesy of Rubber Consultants 7

8 Albany Court, London (1965) District and Circle lines

9 Albany Court (1965) 15-Year Creep Deflection Creep rate within predicted levels of 6 mm in 100 years Bearings are still providing effective isolation today 9 Courtesy of Rubber Consultants

10 Natural Frequency Natural frequency depends on Supported mass (kg) Spring stiffness (N/m)

11 Transmissibility Ratio of ground vibration amplitude to building vibration amplitude b a c d 11

12 To Achieve Isolation Frequency of the ground vibration Natural frequency of the isolated building

13 Natural Frequency nf (Hz) Natural Frequency versus Bearing Deflection nf Lower nf higher performance 1 x Deflection x (mm) 13

14 RACM Building in Amersfoort (2008) Mixed use: Library Offices Auditorium Laboratories Exhibition spaces Museum Floor area m 2 14

15 Building Location Location Very close to heavily used rail lines Apeldoorn to Utrecht and Zwolle to Utrecht 15

16 Bearing Specification Design Life (minimum) Natural Frequency (maximum) 60 years 4.5 Hz Four Vertical Designs 58 no. Column Type kn 70 no. Column Type kn 16 no. Wall Type kn 487 no. Wall Type kn 16

17 Column Bearings

18 Bearing Type 1 18

19 Tests to Verify Bearing Designs Load versus deflection Load v. natural frequency Creep test Courtesy of Rubber Consultants 19

20 Natural frequency (Hz) Bearing Type 1: Natural Frequency versus Load 6 5,5 5 Specification 4.5 Hz 4,5 4 3,5 4.3 Hz Design Load 1500 kn Load (kn) 20

21 Bearing Type 1: Creep Test under 1500 kn Creep rate: 1.7 % of the initial bearing deflection per log decade of time Over 60 years the creep deflection will be in the order of 3 mm 21

22 Bearing Performance Summary Bearing Type Dimensions (mm) Service Load (kn) Deflection (mm) Natural Frequency (Hz) x 500 x x 500 x x 400 x x 250 x

23 23

24 Seismic Isolation 24

25 Kobe Earthquake (1995) Courtesy of Seismic Isolation Engineering Inc. 25

26 Kobe Earthquake (1995) Courtesy of Seismic Isolation Engineering Inc. 26

27 Conventional Building 27

28 Base Isolated Building 28

29 Bearing Design Compression stiffness > 1000 x shear stiffness 29 Courtesy of Rubber Consultants

30 500 mm Diameter Bearing (53 x 5 mm layers) 30

31 31

32 1100 mm Diameter Bearings Shear Displacement ± 610 mm. Vertical Load 10 MN 32

33 Examples of USA Seismic Isolation Projects 911 EOCC, San Francisco Cathedral, Los Angeles Hearst Mining Building, Berkeley LAC + USC Hospital, Los Angeles Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach First American Corp., Santa Ana 33

34 911 Emergency Operation Communications Centre (2000) 34 Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc.

35 911 EOCC (2002), Installed Bearing Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc. 35

36 911 EOCC (2002), Flexible Service Connections Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc. 36

37 Cathedral of Our Lady of The Angels (2002) 37 Courtesy of Nabih Youssef & Associates

38 Cathedral of Our Lady of The Angels (2002) Courtesy of Nabih Youssef & Associates 38

39 Conclusions Durability: Proven life > 100 years Maintenance free Accommodates misalignment & easy to install Comparable vibration isolation performance to steel springs Small inherent hysteresis to dampen resonant frequencies Lower transmission of acoustic frequencies High energy capacity enabling compact bearing designs 39

40 Thank you for your attention 40 October 2, 2008