SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Transcription

1 ISBN SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Interior lighting Part 1: Artificial lighting of interiors Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: Fax: SABS

2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of the following organizations: Commission Internationale de l'eclairage International Organization for Standardization South African National Committee on Illumination Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 64C, Lighting and optics Luminaires, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This edition cancels and replaces edition 2.1 (SABS :1998). A reference is made in 5.4.6(f), and I.3 to "national legislation". In South Africa this means the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993). Clauses that contain requirements that relate to South African legislation will be given in a box as given here. SANS consists of the following parts, under the general title Interior lighting: Part 1: Artificial lighting of interiors. Part 2: Emergency lighting. Annexes A to I are for information only. Reaffirmed and reprinted in October This standard will be reviewed every 5 years and either be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.

3 Introduction The aim of this part of SANS is to provide basic guidelines and recommendations for the creation of good viewing conditions and a comfortable visual environment. Although the recommendations are primarily intended for interior workplaces, they also apply, in general, to other interior locations. The visual environment should be such that essential task details are easily visible and that adverse factors, which can cause visual discomfort, are appropriately controlled or excluded. The recommendations in this part of SANS are based on research and on experience gained in the quality and quantity aspects of lighting, with the emphasis on electric lighting. Although this part of SANS recognizes the need for good energy management and cost-effective lighting schemes, this should not lead to the lowering of the recommended well-established standards needed to promote efficient work, safety and welfare. While the provision of sufficient illuminance on a task is a necessary element, the creation of conditions of visual comfort which workers require to maintain efficiency throughout the entire work period, depends in many instances not only on the quantity of light but even more on factors such as the distribution of light throughout the workplace, glare, the luminance of surfaces such as walls, floors, ceilings and equipment and the control of unwanted reflections. Normally, lighting level is specified as the average illuminance over a surface or as the average luminance of a surface. The lighting level provided by a lighting installation will decrease gradually throughout the life of the installation. Therefore, the basis of these recommendations is the "maintained average illuminance over a surface" or the "maintained average luminance of a surface". 1

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5 Contents Acknowledgement Page Foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Definitions Fundamentals Basic considerations Visibility and visual performance Surfaces Visual capability Luminance pattern General Safety and amenity Stroboscopic effect and flicker of discharge lamps Luminance of the general surroundings Revealing form and texture General Form and texture in the task Form in the general surroundings Controlling glare General Direct glare Reflected glare Discomfort glare and disability glare Control of lamp luminance Colour Introduction Colour appearance Colour rendering Lighting systems Classification Luminance distribution on major room surfaces Energy-effective lighting Lighting design General Visual requirements