SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

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1 ISBN SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Civil engineering test methods Part GR1: Wet preparation and particle size analysis Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: Fax: SABS

2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt Amended to update the introduction, and to change a sieve aperture in the tables on the typical σ and E values, the reduction of the coarse fraction masses, the conversion of the fractions retained on the sieve, and the conversion of the percentages retained into percentages passing. Amdt Amended to update referenced standards. Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Committee of Transport Officials (COTO), and the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL). Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59E, Construction standards Pavement materials testing, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in March This document supersedes SANS 3001-GR1:2011 (edition 1.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 2. SANS 3001 consists of various parts under the general title Civil engineering test methods. Parts GR of the SANS 3001 series contain methods for testing gravel, sand and soil. Annexes A and B are for information only. Introduction This part of SANS 3001 is aimed at obtaining results that are intended to be used for primary material classification and to determine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specifications. The obtained data might also be useful in developing relationships between packing (compaction), interlocking ability (densification), and the blending of materials. Although it follows the principles of ASTM and BS test methods (see bibliography), this part of SANS 3001 differs from them in the following ways: a) it prescribes the use of a 75 µm sieve instead of a 63 µm sieve; b) it does not include the determination of the silt and clay fractions; and c) it makes provision for separating the fines for use in the Atterberg Limits test. Apparatus dimensions that are critical to the outcome of the method or procedure are given with a tolerance. All other dimensions are nominal and should be considered fit for purpose. Existing apparatus that complies with the requirements of TMH1 may be used in this part of SANS 3001 until the apparatus is no longer fit for purpose. Amdt 1 This part of SANS 3001 is classified as Group: A, Rating: 5, Activity: GR, in accordance with the requirements of the South African Construction Education and Training Authority (CETA).

3 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword Introduction 1 Scope Normative references Definitions Apparatus Preparation and sampling Handling and maintenance of sieves Field samples Test samples Procedure Dry sieving of material retained on the 20 mm sieve Reduction of fraction passing the 20 mm sieve Removal of dry fines by sieving Removal of fines by boiling and washing Treatment of washed fines Analysis of material passing the 20 mm sieve and retained on the 425 µm sieve Preparation of material passing the 425 µm sieve Analysis of material passing the 425 µm sieve Calculations Test report Annex A (informative) Test flow chart Annex B (informative) Examples of the calculation procedure Bibliography

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5 Civil engineering test methods Part GR1: Wet preparation and particle size analysis 1 Scope This part of SANS 3001 applies to gravel, sand and soil, and describes a method to: a) prepare a test sample and determine the particle size distribution of particles of diameter retained on the 75 µm sieve; b) determine the combined silt and clay fraction of particles passing the 75 µm sieve; and c) prepare a sample for the determination of the plasticity index and linear shrinkage on material with particle size passing the 425 µm sieve or passing the 75 µm sieve. NOTE The determination of the plasticity index and linear shrinkage is covered in SANS 3001-GR10, SANS 3001-GR11 and SANS 3001-GR12. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. 2.1 Standards SANS 241-1, Drinking water Part 1: Microbiological, physical, aesthetic and chemical determinands. Amdt 2 SANS 241-2, Drinking water Part 2: Application of SANS Amdt 2 SANS 1649, Non-automatic self-indicating, semi-self-indicating and non-self-indicating weighing instruments with denominated verification scale intervals. SANS 3001-PR1, Civil engineering test methods Part PR1: Determination of uncertainty of measurement, repeatability, reproducibility and bias. SANS 3001-PR10, Civil engineering test methods Part PR10: Checking, handling, maintenance and verification of test sieves. 3